大学四级翻译练习段落

1. 民工潮

新年春节刚过，农村的破旧小车站就挤满了成千上万的农民。他们只有一个目的，到城市去。八十年代处，农村的改革，使得千千万万的农民从土地上解放了出来，纷纷跑到城市找工作。自那以后，这种大规模的民工潮一直使城市感到头痛。这不仅是因为对城市设施造成了极大的压力，而且他们担心会引发许多社会矛盾。所以外来民工往往补被看成二等公民，不能成为城市居民，孩子不能在城市读书。但是另一方面，城市和经济开发区的发展急切需要大批劳力到工厂和建设工地。而且政府也感到如果不让农民出来。而农民的不满加剧，会导致社会动乱。

参考译文（53）

1,2) Only a few days after the Lunar New Year in dilapidated little railway stations throughout the countryside millions of peasants are gathering with a single purpose to get to the cities.3,4) Even since the early 1980s when the agricultural reform freed millions of farmers to seek city jobs the mass not just because of the pressure it puts on infrastructure.5) Many fear that migration on such a giant scale will lead to social strain,6) As a result they have treated the migrants as second-class citizens.6) For instance workers form the rural heartland are denied the right to settle down as permanent residents and to send their children to city schools.7) But on the other hand in booming cities and special economic zones factories and construction sites need all the labor they can get.8,9) And the government believe that if the rural masses did not get a share of and poor countryside would further widen leading to a building-up resentment that might fuel social unrest.

2. 豫园原是明代四川布政史潘允端的私人花园。始建于一五五九年，至一五七七年落成。距今已有四百余年历史。园地面积为二万多平方米。全国共分三十余景，均有回廊曲径可通；亭台楼阁，假山池塘的布局，独具匠心，有“以小见大”的特色。园内屋宇还缀有精致的砖刻木雕，具有明清两代南方建筑艺术的风格。园内一景，点春堂是一八五三年上海“小刀会”起义军的城北指挥所。豫园自十六世纪后，曾几度变迁，屡遭摧残。至解放前夕，园内景物荒芜殆尽。解放后重新进行了修缮，至一九六一年开放，成为上海人民参观浏览的场所。 参考译文（92）

1) Yuyuan was originally the private garden of Pan Yunduan the governor of Sichuan Province during the Ming Dynasty.2,3) The garden whose construction began in 1559 and was completed in 1577 boasts a long history of more than four centuries.4,5) It covers an area of over 20000 square meters and is divided in some thirty different scenes connected by twisting corridors and passages.6) The layout of the pavilions terraces towers rockeries and ponds shows much originality in affording a wide view in a small confined space.7) Buildings in the garden ornamented with fine brick designs and wood carvings are characteristic of the Southern architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.8) One scene is the Hall for Summoning Spring used by the uprising army of the “Small Sword Society” in 1853 as their headquarters in the northern part of the old city.9) Since the 16th century the garden has undergone many changes and suffered repeated devastation.10) On the eve of the liberation of old China the garden was reduced to a desolate waste.11) When new China was founded it was restored and opened to the public in 1961.11) Since then it remains a place of popular resort in Shanghai.

3. 尽管一对夫妻一个孩子的政策还是强制性的，而且怀胎指标分配的做法在许多地方导致关系紧张。但有迹象表明，人们的态度正在发生变化。越来越多的夫妻生一个孩子已是自然的选择，而不是被迫的。一些专家预计，中国人口到二十一世纪达到高峰后就会下来。 参考译文

1) Coercion still underlies the one-child policy and the rationing of the right to become pregnant remains a source of tension in many parts in China.2) But there are indications of a change in attitudes with more and more couples falling in line with the nation’s one-child policy as a matter of choice rather than compulsion.3) Some experts predict that China’s population will decline after peaking in the 21st century.

4. 长江是世界上第四大河。在那里现正在进行世界上最大的大坝——三峡大坝的建设。按照三峡大坝设计者的观点，大坝可以把洪水挡在新的在水库里，从而防止洪水对华中和华东地区的侵犯。大坝还可以为三分之一的中国人提供占全国总发电量九分之一的电能，这样，每年可节约五千万吨煤。但是大坝形成的新湖将把沿江的确13座城市，140个县城，和无数的村庄淹没。大约一千二百万人口将不得不往高处搬家。那里土地肯定没有原来的肥沃。反对三峡工程的人还认为，湖水升高还会威胁到野生动植物的生存。由陡峭峡谷而闻名的三峡奇观将永远推动了。而且，万一地震，将会造成悲剧的后果。

参考译文（98）

1,2) The Three Gorges Dam is now under construction on the Yangtze the fourth largest river on the planet. 3) According to the project’s designers the world’s largest dam will help prevent flooding in central and eastern China by holding back flood water in a new reservoir. 4) The dam could also provide one third of China’s 1.2 billion people with as many as one-ninth of needed electric power saving 50 million tons of coal each year.4) But the new lake the dam creates will completely submerge 13 riverside cities 140 large towns and numerous small villages. 6, 7) Some 12 million people will have to relocate to less fertile areas on higher ground. 8, 9) Opponents to the project also contend that the rising water will threaten wildlife and permanently alter the spectacular three Gorges the steep-wall canyons for which the Gorges are named. 10) Worse yet an earthquake could stride Three Gorges with tragic consequences.

5. 北京大学的前身是燕京大学。它是一所贵族学校。按理说，学生在政治上应该是保潮开始在校园蔓延。到了1953年，燕京大学竟成为学生抗议运动的策源地。由此爆发了全国抗日战争。就在这时，美国作家爱德加 斯诺来到燕京大学任教。在燕大他呆了两年，接触了中国近代青年。了解了中国大学生的思想。自那后，燕京大学这所外国教会学校发生了很大的变化，它逐渐变成了完全由中国人自己掌握的学校。今天在北京大学的湖畔到处可以听到新一代大学生的欢声笑语。

参考译文（66）

1) Formerly Beijing University was called Yanjing University.2,3) It was an upper class institution whose students normally should have been political conservatives.4,5) But as the national crisis deepened when the long-standing civil war merged with Japan’s conquest in the North a wave of radicalism began to spread there.67) By 1935 Yanjing university had unexpectedly become the birthplace of student protests which touched off a nationwide anti-Japanese war.8,9) For this reason Edgar Snow an American writer came to teach in Yanjing where he spent nearly two years in touch with modern Chinese youth and their thought.10) Since then Yanjing had evolved from a missionary institution into complete Chinese control.11) And today its lakeside echoes with the chatter and laughter of a new generation of students.

6. 香港坐落在中国南端的一个弹丸小岛上。在日趋全球化的经济中，香港正起着一个非常重要的角色。由于香港的战略位置，面向国际的商业氛围，和优越的通讯条件，使她成为世界贸易的活动中心和亚太地区的神经中枢。香港已和世界上170个国家和地区的公司有商业

往来。与亚洲其他国家和地区的贸易大幅度增长。香港的集装港口是世界上最繁忙的，而且还在进一步扩建。虽然香港开始成为世界金融中心还是最近二十年的事，但现在海外贷款已占到香港银行提供的总贷款的一半以上。当这颗东方明珠重新回到中国的堂上时，中国人民眼中的香港未来比过去任何时候都更加光明灿烂。

参考译文

1,2) Hong Kong a tiny island perched on the tip of Southern China plays a pivotal role in an increasingly globalized economy.3) Given its strategic location internationally oriented business culture and excellent communications it has become a crossroad of world trade and the nerve center of the Asia —Pacific region.4) Commercial links reach out to corporations in over 170 countries and regions.5) Its trade with the rest of Asia has increased substantially.6) Its container port is now the busiest and is undergoing further expansion.7) Although Hong Kong’s emergence as a world financial center came in recent 20 years offshore loans account for more than half of the total loan provided by its banks.8) As the “Pearl of the Orient” returns once again to China’s palm its people see her future as brighter than ever.

7. 石器时代

现代人类约公元前50000年第一次从中亚或印度来到中国。这 些石器时代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿着毛皮。公元前 4000年左右，这些人开始种植水稻，并饲养羊和鸡。约公元前3000年，他们开始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，中国 人已进入青铜时代(Bronze Age)，并开始用于写字。约公元前700年， 中国的金属工人学会制作铁器工具和武器。

Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC， Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.

8. 京剧

京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京 剧的服装（costume) 、脸谱(facial mask) 更易被人喜爱。不同的服装 类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣; 穷困 者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜 色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)， 黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。

Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general ，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent

rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.

9. 茶马古道

茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着20多个少数 民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比如:大理，丽江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江大峡谷(Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon)和布达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、驿站(post house),古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天， 虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。

参考译文

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minorities. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs. Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.

10. 我整整一生都处于对武术的痴迷之中。但是当我搬到一个有功夫俱乐部的城市时，我才真正体会到了武术的魅力，同时也完全理解了为什么人们称它为一种艺术。它是一种战斗同时也是在进行一种自我防卫，这其实也达到了让你更加了解自己的身体，从而使它变得更加强壮和健康的目的。功夫是一门完整的哲学，而且是中国文化的重要组成部分。当我开始练习功夫的时候，我才意识到它有多么地困难，哪怕是简单的一踢或者一打就需要几个月的时间去练习。但是我太爱它了！一个全新的世界正向我敞开它的大门。

【参考译文】My whole life I’ve been interested in martial arts. But it was only when I moved to another city where there was a Kungfu club, that I really enjoyed it and fully understood why they call it an art. It is fighting and defending yourself, but it also understanding your body more, making it stronger and healthier. Kungfu is a whole philosophy and is a big part of Chinese culture. When I started to practice kungfu, I realized how difficult it was and a simple kick or punch demanded months of practice. But I loved it! A whole new world was opening to me。