分词作定语

1、现在分词作定语

现在分词做定语时，通常会出现分词前置与分词后置两种情况

分词前置

当分词做定语放在名词之前时，往往表示事物正在发生的状态。

例句：

He rushed into the burning house．

The most common error made in hanging pictures is to hang them too high. 分词后置

当分词或分词短语位于所被修饰的词语之后，往往可用定语从句进行替代。 例句：

Who’s the girl dancing with him?

who’s the girl who is dancing with him?

2、过去分词作定语

当过去分词作定语时，在语态上通常表示“被动含义”，过去分词做定语表示一个动作已经发生并且完成，这与现在分词做定语时截然相反。譬如：the changed world与a changing world. 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词语之间的关系为被动关系，这时可以将其视为一个表被动的定语从句。

例句：

Local people invited to attend a meeting are very pleased to share their experiences of hospital services.

当过去分词作定语时，被修饰的词是该分词所表示行为的承受者。

例句：

A majority of the international journalists surveyed view nuclear power stations as unsafe at present but that they will，or could，be made sufficiently safe in the future. 本句中，survey[调查]这一动作的承 受者是international journalists, 很多人往往在没有理清本句的意群结构时候，就会断然决定survey是作为international journalists的谓语动词，殊不知后面还有一个view.

过去分词做修饰成分，尤其作定语时，我们可以将修饰语与被修饰语之间的关系视为行为与客体之间的施动与被施动关系。

例句：

Then the data acquired at each of the specific source locations are combined to generate a physical profile of the surface, which can eventually be used to select targets for drilling.

本句中acquired是动作，而data是客体。

不论是现在分词还是过去分词，通常情况下单个分词的位置是在被修饰名词或名词短语之前，若分词以短语的结构出现，那么短语经常会被安排在被修饰的内容后面。而现在分词与过去分词与所修饰的词之间所表示的意义也应不同。 例句：

More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.

1. The people working with me treat me like their friend.

2. Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.

3. Accounts of scientific experiments are generally correct, for those writing about science are careful in checking the accuracy of their reports.

4. Whenever we hear of a natural disaster, even in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy for the people affected.

5. Generally speaking, the bird flying across our path is observed, and the one staying on the tree near at hand is passed by without any notice taken of it.

6. The misconceptions do not remain isolated, but become incorporated into a multifaceted framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which erroneous, more robust, but also accessible to modification.

7. One misconception, expressed by some 10% pupils, was that acid rain is responsible for rainforest destruction.

8. The 550,000 consultations with alternative therapists reported in the 1990 survey represented about an eighth of the total number of consultations with medically qualified personnel covered by the survey, according to Dr. Laver and colleagues writing in the Australian Journal of Public Health in 1993.

9. An increasing exodus from their clinics, coupled with this and a number of other relevant surveys carried out in Australia, all pointing to orthodox doctor’s inadequacies, have led mainstream doctors themselves to begin to admit they could learn from the personal style of alternative therapists.

10. Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics—and greater rewards to tempt athletes—it is more likely that individual possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early.