现在完成时的构成

现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+ 过去分词，

1．表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如： I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。

（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”） 初中英语语法大全比较过去时与现在完成时

1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

不确定的时间状语

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

现在完成时常用的时间状语有： already （”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）

never (“从不” 用于中间处)

ever （”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）

just (“刚刚” 用于中间处)

yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还” 用于否定句的末尾处) 或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.此情况较少 例句解析之现在完成时

1. 我们买这本书三年了

We have had the book for three years.

We bought the book three years ago。

2.自从上星期我借的这本书

I have kept the book since last week.

I borrowed the book last week.

3.我成为一个学生两年多了.

I have been a student for over two years.

I became a student two years ago.

4.Mr Black死了三年了。

Mr Black has been dead for three years.

Mr Black died three years ago.

5.小名参军半年了。

Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.

Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.

6.我们上了8年学了。

We have been students for eight years.

7.下课10分钟了 。

The class has been over for ten minutes

8.门打开半小时了。The door has been open for half an

hour.

例句加深版：

举例：

I saw this film yesterday.

(强调看的动作发生过了。)

I have seen this film.

(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。)

Why did you get up so early?

(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)

Who hasn't handed in his paper?

(强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。)

She has returned from Paris.

她已从巴黎回来了。

She returned yesterday.

她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years.

(在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years.

(是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago.

( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)

I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

---He's already been sent for.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

重点解剖：过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week

一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home 注意：结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.

1.直接用延续性动词 buy– have catch(get) a cold –have a

cold borrow—keep

Come/go /become—be put on-- wear

2.转换成be+名词 join the army – be a soldier

Join the Party –be a Party member

go to school– be a student

3转换成be+形容词或副词 die—be dead finish – be over begin—be on leave—be away fall sleep – be asleep close – be closed

4.转换成 be+介词短语 go to school– be in school join the army – be in the army （军队）

习题： 1 In English class,Li Ming____(study)English words every day.

Yesterday we____(study)the word "exam".

They______(study) the word "exam"already,and now they can use it!

2 My mother_____(tell)me the story before.

3 Mrs.Brown_____(teach)us a lot about social studies since September.

4 The young man______(write)three bopks in the past two years.All of them are very popular.He_______(write)the first one in 2001.

5 She______(paint)pictures for ten years.

加深习题：

1.– You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______?

A haven’t you B have you C do you D don’t you

2. I have watched the game.

--When ____ you ____ it?

A have watched B do watch C did watch D will watch

3. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.

A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live

4. His grandma ______ for two years.

A died B has been dead C was dead D has died

5. –Where is Han Mei now? --- She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.

A has gone B has been C goes D had gone

6. You haven’t changed your mind,_______? A do you B are you C have you D did you

7. How long have you _____ the football team of the school?

A been in B joined C played

8. How long have you ____ this book?

A bought B borrowed C had D lent

9. –Excuse me, ____ you seen the film yet?

--- Yes, I _____ it last night.

A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw (lose)

(lose)

(lose)

11.A:I have watched the game. B:When ____ you ____ it?

A. have watched B. do watch C. did watch

12.A:Ann has gone to Shanghai.

B:So （填词）