英语三级语法历年考试真题汇总
英语三级历年考试真题汇总
历年考试语法:
语法:感叹句结构
感叹句通常有 what, how 引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。
what 修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种: 掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序
How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序
What +名词+ 陈述语序
What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序
What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序
What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序
How clever a boy he is!
How lovely the baby is!
What noise they are making!
What a clever boy he is!
What wonderful ideas (we have)!
What cold weather it is!
感叹句的省略形式为:
What a clever boy (he is)!
典型例题
1)___ food you've cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
答案 D. 由于 How 修饰形容词,副词;what 修饰名词。且 food 为不可数名词,因此 A,
B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词,因此只有 D 正确,其句型为 What + adj. +n. (不可 数)
2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
答案 A. weather 为不可数名词,B,D 排除。C 为 how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有 A,符 合句型 What +形容词+不可数名词。
3) --- _____ I had!
--- You really suffered a lot.
A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. how time
答案 A. 感叹句分两类:
1:What + n.+主谓部分
2:How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种,但省略了 bad,相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。
语法:祈使句结构
祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等。
1) 祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加 do (但只限于省略第
二 人称主语的句子)。
Take this seat.
Do be careful.
否定结构:
Don't move. Don't be late.
2) 第二种祈使句以 let 开头。
Let 的反意疑问句 a.
Let's 包括说话者 Let's have another try,shall we / shan't we?
= Shall we have another try?
b. Let us 不包括说话者
Let us have another try,will you / won't you?
= Will you please let us have another try?
否定结构: Let's not talk of that matter.
Let us not talk of that matter.
英语三级语法:
分词
分词作定语
分词前置 We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分词后置 (i 分词词组;ii 个别分词如 given, left; iii 修饰不定代词 something 等) There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given. 这是所给的问题
There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例题
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案 D. 书与写作是被动关系, 应用过去分词做定语表被动, 相当于定语从句 which is written
2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
答案 B. 主语 language 与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。 spoken 是动词 speak 的过去分词形式, 在句中作定语, 修饰主语 language, spoken 与 language 有被动关系。该句可以理解为:
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
英语三级语法:
动名词
动名词作主语、宾语和表语
1)作主语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
南方与北方开战了。
2)作宾语
a. 动词后加动名词 doing 作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit 承认 appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免 complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 prevent 阻止 fancy 想象
finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续
举例: (1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
b. 词组后接 doing
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to busy look forward to(to 为介词)
no good, no use, It's worth…, as well as, can't help, It's no use /good be tired of be fond of be capable of be afraid of be proud of think of / about hold off put off keep on insist on count on / upon set about be successful in good at take up give up burst out prevent … from…
3)作表语
Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.
英语三级语法:动词
1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。
2) 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb) 、系动词 (Link Verb) 、助动词(Auxiliary Verb) 、情态动词(Modal Verb) 。
说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如:
We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。 (having 是实义动词。 )
He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。 (has 是助动词。 )
3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb) 、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb) ,缩写形式分别为 vt. 和 vi.。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如:
She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。 (sing 在此用作不及物动词。
She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲(sing 用作及物动词。 )
4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb) 、非限 定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如:
She sings very well.
她唱得很好。 (sing 受主语 she 的限制,故用第三人称单数形式 sings。 ) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。
(to learn 不受主语 she 的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。
说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive) 、动名词(Gerund) 、 分词(Participle) 。
5) 根据动词的组成形式, 可分为三类, 分别是: 单字词 (One-Word Verb) 短语动词 、 (Phrasal Verb) 、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如:
The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。 (contains 是单字动词。 )
Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.
学生们学会查字典。 (look up 是短语动词。 )
The young ought to take care of the old.
年轻人应照料老人。 (take care of 是动词短语。 )
6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form) 、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal) 过去式 、 (Past Form) 过去分词 、 (Past Participle) 现在分词 、 (Present Participle) 。
语法:形容词和副词
形容词及其用法
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常, 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述 形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修 饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。
2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用 程度副词修饰。大多数以 a 开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(错) He is an ill man.
(对) The man is ill.
(错) She is an afraid girl.
(对) The girl is afraid.
这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing 为字尾的 词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:
something nice
语法:冠词和数词
不定冠词的用法
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。 英语中的冠词有三种, 一种是定冠词 (the Definite Article) 另一种是不定冠词 , (the Indefinite Article) ,还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article) 。 不定冠词 a (an)与数词 one 同源,是
1) 表示
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2) 代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
3) 词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
语法:句子的种类
(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences) :说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。 (说明事实)
The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。 (说明看法)
2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences) :提出问题。有以下四种:
a. 一般疑问句(General Questions) :
Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗?
b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions) :
Where do you live? 你住那儿?
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions) :
Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡?
d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions) :
He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对?
3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences) :提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如: Sit down, please. 请坐。
Don't be nervous! 别紧张!
4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences) :表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如: What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!
(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:
1) 简单句(Simple Sentences) :只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如: She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。 (主) (谓)
2) 并列句(Compound Sentences) :包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与 句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:
The food was good, but he had little appetite. (主) (谓) (主)(谓)
食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。
3) 复合句(Complex Sentences) :包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句, 从句由从属连词引导,例如:
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
主句 从句
我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。
(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns) :英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下
五 种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:
1)主 + 动(SV)例如: I work. 我工作。
2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如: John is busy. 约翰忙。
3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如: She studies English. 她学英语。
4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)例如: Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如: My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
语法:被动形式表示主动意义
be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries
He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意: 表示同某人结婚,用 marry sb. 或 get married to sb. 都可。
He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl.
大学英语三级考试语法
一、 非谓语动词 近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占 31.1%,平均每年近 5 道题,可谓是语法项目考 查的重点,那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点,解答时又应注意些什么呢?下面我 和大家就一起来分析一下:
1、非谓语动词考查特点
1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断 对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构,如:
All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A. had been canceled B. have been canceled
C. were canceled D. having been canceled 6
四个选项中有三个是谓语动词,只有 D 是非谓语动词,只要同学们能判断出这里是非 谓语动词做状语,则不用考虑时态的问题,答案自明。
2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择
谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是三级语法测试中的一个题眼。如:
① I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have got in. A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closed
③ Your hair wants ______ . You'd better have it done tomorrow.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut
这类题涉及三个方面:
谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词?
即可接不定式又可接动名词时,结构和意思上有何差别?
不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?
3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择
从近几年的考查情况来看,对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况:
(1)对一般概念的考查,而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如:
① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.
A. accomplished B. being accomplished C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished ② If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one ______.
A. to correct B. correcting C. having been corrected D. being corrected 同学们只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律,就可以判断①题答案为 C,②题答案 为 D。
(2)对固定结构的考查,如:
① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his arguments in favor of the new theory.
A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to base ② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.
A. to compete B. competing C. to be competed D. having competed
①题为不定式做定语的固定形式,答案为 D,②题为某些特定名词的定语结构,答案 7 为 A。在英语中有些名词,如动词变来的名词,形容词变来的名词,以及 means, way, time, moment, reason 等要求其后用不定式做定语,不定式没有体的变化。
4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择 做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择,如: ① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.
A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being Believed
② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.
A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming
③ Realizing that he hadn't enough money and ____ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.
A. not wanted B. no to want C. not wanting D. wanting not
④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.
A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed
从以上各题来看,考查的侧重点有:
(1)状语类别的判断
不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同,目的状语要求用不定式,如②。
(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系
根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。
(3)非谓语动词的否定形式
not 否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前,如③。
(4) 独立成分
有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制,称为独立成分,这类成 分只记 忆即可。如:
generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。
5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择 做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制,不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不 同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如: ① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.
A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed
② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ______.
A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled
③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go.
A. to be advertised B. advertised 8 C. advertise D. advertising
④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.
A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering
⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.
A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating
⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.
A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated
考查涉及到
感官动词后的宾语补足语,如③。
have, make, let, leave 等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。
regard 类后面的宾语补足语
with 独立分句后面的 常用动词后面的宾语补足语。
6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择
表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择,很少有动名词的用法的考查,虽然选项 中有
不定式作为干扰项,只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如:
① The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the mountain.
A. isolated B. isolating C. being isolated D. having been isolated
② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.
A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded
分词做表语可以做系动词 be 的表语, 也可以做其它系动词的表语, go, feel,seem, look, 如 remain 等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。
7) to 作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择
to 可以是介词,也可以用来引导不定式,三级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如: ① I have no objection _______ your story again.
A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard
② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break down into smaller, more easily managed problems.
A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deal
③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company. (1997.6)
A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
这类考题的考查方式有两种, 一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项 to do something 和 to doing something,这时考查的自然是 to 的性质;另一种是 to 在题干中,如③。
8) 分词前连词的使用
分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了,使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查 有两种情况
(1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式
Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.
A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded
when 的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语,答案不可能是 B,从 scold 与句子主语间的 逻辑关系来看,应该是动宾关系,答案应该是 D。
(2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词
Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patient do not take drugs ___ directed.
A. like B. so C. which D. as
由上下文的意思可以看出,分词所做的是方式状语,连词应该是 as。
9) 非谓语动词的体
非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体,即 having done, having been done 和 being done,完成体只用于做状语的场合,而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。 动名词的体也有 having done, having been done 和 being done 的结构主要用于做主语和 宾语的场合。
不定式的体有 to be doing 和 to have done,主要用于 pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to 等结构中。如:
① The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
having told 在句中做介词宾语,表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。
② I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem ____ all the time.
A. to get worse B. to be getting worse C. to have got worse D. getting worse
从 all the time 的使用可以推断 get worse 是一个渐变过程,所以用不定式的进行体。
③ The speech _____ a lively discussion started.
A. being delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. having been delivered
该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语,状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前, 所以应该用完成体,答案为 D。
1 It 作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型 She had said what it was necessary to say.2. 强调句型 It is not who rules us that is、
2. 强调句型
It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us
3.
He was all gentleness to her.
4. 利用词汇重复表示强调 A crime is a crime a crime.
5.
6. 同格名词修饰是指 of 前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物,
Those pigs of girls eat so much.
7. as…as…can(may)beIt is as plain as plain can be.
8.
9.
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.
10.
11.
I will make a scientist of my son.
12. oo… 不定式
13. only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
14.
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man
15.
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart .
26.
27.
Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home .
28.
He is the last man to accept a bride.
29.
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
30.
It is more than probable that he will fall.