英语高中知识点积累

高中英语语法权威解析

目录:

01 名词性从句 02 “It ”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 03 高中英语语法中的省略现象 04章 主谓一致 05章 动词不定式 06章 倒装结构 07章 定语从句 08章 被动语态 09章 祈使句 10章 感叹句 11章 疑问句 12章 名词

第一章 名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一． 主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it 引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that 。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。

b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window. 是John 打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句

It is a fact that „ 事实是„ It is an honor that „非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that „是常识 (2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句

It is natural that„ 很自然„ It is strange that„ 奇怪的是„ (3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句

It seems that„ 似乎„ It happened that„ 碰巧„ It appears that„ 似乎„ (4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句

It is reported that„ 据报道„ It has been proved that„ 已证实„ It is said that„ 据说„

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：

（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

（2）It is said /reported„结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs„结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.

（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether „结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.

（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?

4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不

然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation 二．宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that 引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：

a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。

b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 (3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：

She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 2. 作介词的宾语，例如：

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：

I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content,也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 4. it 可以作为形式宾语

it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：

We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that 引导的宾语从句。如： 正确表达：I admire their winning the match. 错误表达：I admire that they won the match. 6. 不可用that 从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that 从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： 正确表达：He impressed the manager as an honest man.

错误表达：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. 7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 三. 表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that 常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that„ 和It is because 等结构。例如：

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we can ’t get the support of the people.

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四. 同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that 引导，例

如： 1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that 既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that 引导的从句是定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语）

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that 在句中不作任何成分）

高一英语名词性从句专项练习

1．____he does has nothing to do with me.

A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If

2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____

A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about

D. had the quarrel come about 3. Energy is ____makes thing work..

A. what B. something C. anything D. that

4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as

5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when 6. They have no idea at all____.

A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone

7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease. A. that B. which C. of which D. of that

8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. A. that had to leave

B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave

9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether

10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research. A. that

B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _____he said really true?

A. that B. what C. why D. whether

12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where

13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for

14. ???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If

15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether

D. If 16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business. A. What B. That C. Who D. How

17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That;

that C. what; that D. That what 18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.

A. What B. It C. All that D. That 19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.

A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where Keys:

1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA 第二章 “It ”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解

"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it 用法归纳如下： 一、It 用作实词

表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象„„ 二、It 用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式主语的常见句型：

1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为 (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.

此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous„

例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.

此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.

例 It's kind of you to help me with the problem. (3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 It's no good/use doing„ It's (well)worth doing„

It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do„ It's (well)worth while doing/ to do 例 It's no use crying over spilt milk. 2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型 (1) It is + noun +从句

例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. (2) It is adj. +clause

It's surprising that„ (should)„„„竟然„„

It's a pity/shame that„(should)„„„竟然„„

例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)

(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause

It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that„

例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.) (4) It verb (to sb.) that„= sb/sth verb to do

(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out) 例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) (5) It is v-ed that„=sb/sth is to do

(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know） 例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.) (6) It is v-ed that „ (should)„

(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. 三、It 作主语的句型

1. It takes sb. „ to do„(=sb takes„to do„) 某人用多长时间做某事

例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)

2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do„（不）像某人做某事的风格 例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.

3. It's (about/high) time that„ should /v-ed„是该做某事的时候了 例 It's(about/high) time that we should take action.

4. It's the x-th time (that) „ have v-ed„第几次做某事了 例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.

5. It is/has been„ since „continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了 例 It's 10 years that he lived here

6. It was(not)„ before„过(不) 了多长时间某动作发生了 例 It was not long before they arrived. 四、It 作形式宾语

用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式宾语的常见句型：

1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep„) 例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.

2. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep„) 例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.

3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that „ (should)„ verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that„(should)„ (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep„) 例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.

4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)

例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture. 5. v. +it + prep. + that„

owe it to sb. that„把„归功于„

leave it to sb that„把„留给某人去做 take it for granted that „想当然 keep it in mind that„

例 Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out. 6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it 之后 例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.

7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it 之后（except that例外） 例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice. 五、强调句型