小学英语知识点汇总

元音字母开头的单词用an ，辅音字母开头的单词用a.

单数用is , 复数用are.

表示某人有某物。主语是第三人称单数时用has.

表示某地有某物，某人。单数用there is , 复数用there are.

肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.

(什么) who (谁) where

(哪里) whose (谁的) why（为什么）when(什么时候）which （哪一个）how(怎样，如何)how old (多大) how many （多少）how much （多少钱）how heavy(多重)how big（多大）how long(多长)how tall(多高)

当我们需要对事物作出比较时，需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是：

A + be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than（比）+ B A 比B 更„„ ,如：

I’m taller and heavier than you. （我比你更高和更重。）

An elephant is bigger than a tiger. （一只大象比一只老虎更大。）

形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的，它的变化规则是： ① 一般的直接在词尾加er ，如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , ② 以e 结尾的，直接加r ，如 fine – finer ,

③ 以辅音字母加y 结尾的，先改y 为i 再加er ，如

funny – funnier, heavy-heavier

④ 双写最后的字母再加er ，如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter

☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。

典型错误：My hair is longer than you.（我的头发比你更长。） 比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的对象就没有可比性。

应该改为：My hair is longer than yours . 或My hair is longer than your hair.

比较级专项练习一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big (1) How is the Yellow River? (2) How is Mr Green? He’s 175cm. (3) How are your feet? I wear size 18. (4)How is the fish? It’s 2kg.

根据答句写出问句 (1) I’m 160 cm. (2) I’m 12 years old.

(4) Amy’s hair is 30 cm long.

注意：How +形容词原形。

二、根据句意写出所缺的单词

(1) I’m 12 years old. You’re 14. I’m than you.

(2) A rabbit’s tail is than a monkey’s tail. (3) An elephant is than a pig. (4) A lake is than a sea.

三、根据中文完成句子.

(1)? 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I’m than my brother.

(2)? 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that one.

(3)? 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.

(4)? 谁比你重? than you？

注意：当比较时出现了差距比如，大了几岁、高了几厘米，重了多少斤时，应将差距放在比较级的前面，如：

I am 2 years older than you.

He is 10cm taller than me.

动词的过去式的构成规则有：

Ａ、规则动词

①一般直接在动词的后面加ed 如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

②以e 结尾的动词直接加d 如 lived , danced , used

③以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词要改y 为i 再加ed （此类动词较少）study – studied carry – carried worry – worried

（play 、stay ）

④ 双写最后一个字母（此类动词较少）如 stopped Ｂ、不规则动词（此类词并无规则，须熟记）小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

动词的ing 形式的构成规则：

①一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e 再加ing ，如having , writing taking

③ 双写最后一个字母的（此类动词极少）有：running , swimming ,

sitting , getting

五、

1. 规则变化：直接加s

2. 不规则变化：1）以ch,sh, o结尾的加es

goes does watches, washes teaches

2） 以辅音字母加y 结尾的，变y 为i 加es, tries

He often goes to work on foot.

My uncle plays computer games on the weekend.

（一）、肯定句：

是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：

I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

（二）、否定句： 含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：

I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor. He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital.

There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00.

I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.

☆注意☆ 小结：否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not”。（1）有动词be 的句子：:可缩写成“isn’t，aren’t”， am not 。（2）没有动词be 的句子：助动词do ，does ，did 加not ，可缩写为“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t ）。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择。

（三）、一般疑问句： 是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.

Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.

Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.

Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)

Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t).

Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No , I didn’t. ☆注意☆ 小结：一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上，

①把动词be 调到首位，其他照写，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。 ②没有动词be 的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词（do ，does ，did ）再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。 这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择般。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致，即怎么问就怎么答。 同时注意人称的变化。第一人称要变为第二人称，如：

I am listening to music.(改为否定句)

--- Are you listening to music?

（四）、特殊疑问句：

以特殊疑问词（what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how 等）开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”来回答。如：

What is this? It’s a computer.

What does he do? He’s a doctor.

Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.

Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike. Which season do you like best? Summer.

When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30. Whose skirt is this? It’s Amy’s.

Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees. How are you? I’m fine. / I’m happy.

How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train. ☆其中how 又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问，如： how many （多少(数量) ）, how much （多少(钱) ）, how tall （多高）, how long（多长）, how big（多大）, how heavy（多重）(该知识点已在形容词比较级中作了讲解。)

例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils. How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.

How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51. ☆小结：how many 用来提问可数名词的数量，主要有以上三种句式搭配，

How many + 名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少„„？

How many + 名词复数 + can you see? 你能看见多少„„？ How many + 名词复数 + are there„? 有多少„„？

十一：完全、缩略形式:

I’m=I am he’s=he is she’s=she is they’re=they are you’re=you are there’s=there is they’re=they are can’t=can not don’t=do not doesn’t=does not isn’t=is not aren’t=are not let’s=let us won’t=will not I’ll=I will wasn’t=was not

十二：与字母相关的题型 ( 注：五个元音字母是

Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu )

二. 写出下列字母的左邻右舍。

1.( ) Hh ( ) 2.( ) Bb ( ) 3.( ) Ll ( ) 4.( ) Rr

( ) 5.( ) Qq ( ) 6.( ) Ww ( )

三. 用小写字母抄写下列单词。

1.ROOM( ) 2.UNDER( ) 3.PLEASE( ) 4.PICTURE( )

5.WHERE( ) 6.TWINS( ) 7.EXCUSE( ) 8.HOW( )

9.CAKE( ) 10.SMALL( )

三. 将全是元音字母的那一组圈起来

1. a c e 2. i e o 3. v u k 4. e u I 5. J B I 6. E T V 7. E I O 8. A U E

四. 写出与所给单词发音相同的字母（大小写）。

1.bee ( ) 2.sea ( ) 3.tea ( ) 4.are ( ) 5.why

( ) 6.you ( )

十三：其它

1. 序数词【说明】① 许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加th 构成的，

如：four / fourth ，six / sixth ，ten / tenth ，sixteen / sixteenth ，但是nine 变为序数词是ninth ，而不是nineth 。

② twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth 等表示整十的序数词，由相应的基数词将词尾y 改为ie ，再加th 构成。

③ first, second, third 缩写为1st, 2nd, 3rd 。

2. 非整十的多位数，将个位数变成序数词即可：twenty-first(第2

1) ，thirty-sixth(第36) ，ninety-ninth(第99) ，three hundred and sixty-f ifth(第365) 等。

【说明】：序数词前使用冠词应注意的两点

1. It’s the third time I’ve been here. 这是我第三次来这儿。 The second is better than the first. 第二个比第一个好。

2. ① 用on 来表示在星期几／某日： (在具体的一天要用on) on Monday在星期一

on 4 June在 6月 4日

on Christmas Day在圣诞节那一天

②用in 表示在几月: (在哪个月份要用in)

In May 在5月

In October 1999 在1999年10月

③in the morning/afternoon／evening 在某一具体日期的早上／下午／傍晚／夜里

④用at 表示时间点：(在几点钟用at)

at 2 o’clock

What day is it today? 今天星期几?

What ’s the date today? 今天几月几号？

When is your birthday? 什么时候是你的生日。