名词的单复数讲解与练习
名词的单复数讲解与练习（七年级）
一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别 1
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。
可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等) 集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等) 。
如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。
不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等) 和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等) 。
二、关于可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：
book → books room → roomshouse → houses day → days
2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。但是有些以o 结尾的外来词或缩写词的复数形式只加s, 另外如果字母o 前面是元音字母也只加s 。
piano-->pianos(外来词，from Italian)photo-->photos(from greece)
bamboo-->bamboos(结尾的o 前面是元音字母o ）cameo-->cameos（元音字母e ）
bus → buses glass → glasseswatch → watchesdish → dishes box → boxes
3. 以" 辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y 改为i 再加-es 。如：
city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。
例外 boy →boysplay →plays
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f 或fe 改为v 再加-es 。如：
half → halves leaf → leavesknife → knives wife → wives
5. 特例，特例常常考，要记住。
① child → children② man → men woman → women policeman → policemen
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(规律：man → men) ③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes
注意： 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es ，其余的当然加-s 喽！如：photo → photos ] 以O 结尾的单词变复数时，有生命的加es, 无生命的加s.
如：photo,zoo, 为无生命的，＋s
tomato,potato 为有生命的，＋es.
④ foot → feet tooth → teeth
注意： oo 变成ee 。]
⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形
注意：变复数时词形不变。]
⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数； people 的复数形式peoples 通常指“多个民族”。
6. 集体名词：表示一群人或物的名词叫集体名词。为便于弄清其特点，我们不妨把它们分为表示无生命的物的“类”和表示主要是由人构成的“群”的集体名词。
⑴表示“类”的集体名词，常见的有
Clothing 、furniture 、baggage/luggage、jewelry 、traffic 、information 、machinery 、merchandise 、produce 、scenery
① 形式上总是单数，没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语用单数。The old machinery is out of date. ② 不可直接与a （n ）或数词连用。表数量时用much ，little ，some ，a piece of，an article of等：Each room has five pieces of furniture.
③ 若需用代词，用单数代词：Do you want to see my jewelry?It is in the box.
⑵表示“群”的集体名词常见的有
1.People 、police 、cattle 、poultry 、vermin 、clergy 、militia 、crew ；
以上的单词做主语时，谓语动词用复数：The police are looking for him
2.amily 、class 、team 、government 、crowd 、committee 、jury 、party 、firm 、couple 、board 、group 、gang 、enemy 、union 、audience 、public 、mankind 、humanity 、youth
以上的词把若集体当作一个整体时，用作单数；若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时，看作复数。 My family is a large one.我的家庭是个大家庭
My family are all workers.我家里人都是工人 3
注意：把一个集体名词看作单数或复数，要注意前后一致。如：
The team is famous for its(不能用their) long history.该对以历史悠久而闻名。
三、关于不可数名词
1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。
如：water (水) → waters (水域)
orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)
people （人）→peoples （民族）
3. 很多不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。
如：fruit → fruits food → foods
fish → fishes hair → hairs
四、名词可数不可数“六注意”
1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如：desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some bread， a little milk等。
2、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)，表示特指时，前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the 。如：
He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。
No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。
3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示" 一些，许多" 。如：
There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。
There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。
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4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用" 单位词+of"来表示数量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。
5、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如：
This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。
不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数" 单位词" 时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。
6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如： How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果？
How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？
注意：对不可数名词前的" 单位词" 的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how many。 如：
How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包？
单复数同形：
deer 鹿 means 手段，方法
sheep 羊，绵羊 series 连续，系列
fish 鱼 species 种类
Chinese 汉语(单），中国人（复） works 工厂；作品
ethics 伦理学（单）；道德行为（复） statistics 统计学（单）；数据（复）
名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词，其中可数名词具有单复数的形式；而不可数名词没有可数名词复数变化规则如下：
1．一般情况下，直接加-s ，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es ，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y 为i, 再加-es ，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f 或fe 为v, 再加-es ，如：knife-knives
5. 以o 结尾，有生命的加es, 无生命的加s. 如：potato-potatoes. zoo-zoos
6．不规则名词复数： 5
man-men, woman-women,policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet,. tooth-teeth,fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,当people 后加上s 时即peoples 表示“民族”例如 There are 56 peoples in China.
以下词为常为不可数名词，他们的复数形式就是他们本身。water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭) orange （橙汁）juice （果汁）bread （面包）
不可数名词的数量关系可借助量词表示，如。a cup of tea two cups of tea
一．用所给名词的正确形式填空。
1. I have two_____ (knife)
2. There are many _____ here. (box)
3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)
4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5. The _____ are playing football now. (child)1．Look at those _______. (child)
6.I can see a _______ standing near the door. (policeman)
7．Do you want some ________ for dinner? (potato)
8 In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf)
9．He has two _______.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)
10． Two ________ live in this building .( family )
11． There are so many________(wolf)in the forest.
12． There are three ______(chair) in the classroom.
13.These _______(tomato) are red.
14.______(hero) are great.
15.My brother looks after two ______(baby)
16.There are some ______(deer) eating the grass.
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17.My father likes to eat _______(potato).
18.Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.
19.I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom.
20.I help my mother wash _____(dish) in the kitchen.
21I have two ______(pencil-box).
22.There are some ______(bus)in the street.
23.Peter has eight _____(foot).
24.Linda has three _______(tooth).
25.There are some ______(child) in the garden.
26.Michael likes the ______(mouse).
27.There are some ______(goose)in the river.
28.My uncle and father are _____(man).
29.Tom and King are _____(boy).
30.Linda has three ______(tooth).
二．选择填空
1．They come from different ______
A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys
2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato
3. There are_____ birds in that big tree.
A. hundreds of B. five hundreds of C. five hundred of
4. There are some ______ in these _______.
A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box
C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes D. hundred of
5. _______ are good for our health . 7
A. Tomatos B. Tomatoes C. Tomato
6. I like to eat cake with ______.
7. A. cherries B. cherry C.cherrys
8. ______ and ______ are not friends.
A. Foxs…wolfs B.Foxes…wolfs C. Foxes…wolves
8. Do you want to drink ______ much ?
A 、a milk B 、milk C、milks
9. This is room. It’s very big.
A 、Lily and Lucy’s B 、Lily’s and Lucy’s C 、Lily’s and Lucy
10. Do you want some ______ for supper?
A 、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos
11. In autumn，you can see a lot of___ on the ground.
A 、leaf B 、leafs C 、leaves
12. My sister has two ___. One is old，the other is new.
A 、a watch B、watchs C、watches
13.There ______ on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos
14. That’s _____ art book.
A. an B. a C. the D are
15. There ______ two______ in the box.
A. is, watch B. are, watches C. are, watch D. is, watches
16.There is no ______ in the plate.
A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. Eggs
巩固练习——写出下列词对应的复数形式（注意：不可数名词不变，单复数同形的要写出来）
1.I_______ 2.him ______ 3.this ________ 4.her ________ 5.wash _____
6.child ______ 7.photo ______ 8.diary ______ 9.day ________ 10.foot______
11.book______ 12. dress _______13.month______ 14.sheep _____ 15.box_______
16.strawberry ___17.thief______ 18.peach______ 19.sandwich ____ 20.man______
21.woman_____ 22.paper______ 23.juice_____ 24.water_______ 25.milk______
26.rice_______ 27.tea_______ 28.leaf______ 29. puppy_____ _30. wish___
31. knife_______ 32. fly______ 33.fox_____ 34. bus___ _____35. bench____ _36. brush_____ 37.church_____38.dish_____ 39.ruler______ 40.party_____
41. glass_____ 42.pencil______43.boy______ 44.zoo______ 45.man_____
46. roof_______ 47.shop_____ 48. life____ _ 49.lady________ 50.key______
51.side______ 52.watch______ 53.bamboo____ 54.city______ 55.family____
56.apple_______ 57.eraser_____ 58.speech______59.mouse_____ 60.fish_____
61.goose_______ 62. people _____63.ox_____ 64. mouth ______ 65.deer _____
66.friend______ 67.library _____ 68.oth_______ 69.hero_____ _ 70.boss______
71.donkey______ 72.radio _______73. horse _____ 74. dog _______ 75 monkey___ 76 text________ 77 Chinese____ 78 Japanese___ 79. factory _____ 80.half______
81.German______82.country_____83.toy_______ 84. pear_________85. test______
86. army_______87. hour_______88.__________89. dinosaur _____ 90.Italian____
91. inventor ___ 92.musician____ 93.scientist____94.accident______ 95.pear______
96.professor____ 97.shelf________98.season____ 99.trip_________100. play______
四、 写出下列名词的复数形式
1、、class 、、、6、
7、shelf 、bed 、、family 、toy
12、、、、、army
17、18、fox 、woman 20、knife 、
二、选择填空
1、on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos
C. is a photo D. is photos
2. made in Shanghai.
A. is B .are C .were D .has
3. in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen
C. Japanese, German C. Japanese, Germans
4. That’sart book.
A. an B. a C. the D are already.
A. two bread B. two breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread .
A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple
C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples in the river.
A. is, fish B. are, fishes C. is, fishes D. are, fish in the box.
A. is, watch B. are, watches C. are, watch D. is, watches twice a day.
A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth
10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.
A. teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.teachers
11. In Britain _____ are all painted red.
A. letter boxes B.letters boxes C. letter box D.letters box