中国小额信贷的发展和政策
需求
Overive wofMic rfinaoce nniC hin
中a小额信国贷概 ★ 述Dvelopemnet andPol iics eo ficMorinanfcein hCnia中 国额小贷信的展发和政策
杜山 晓Du iXoSaah n国社中科学院会村发展研农所 究Rura leDevlpomnet nstItiuet f ohCnies ecAadmy ofe Scioa lcSence i2006年月3M arc,h 200
6
1Poicl Envyronmient
政环策境S
uplpy
Demand
需求
供
给2
vOrviee wf oMciroinancef in hCni:a eDmadn 国小中信贷概述额：需求 aLreg Marektof eDmad n需求场市大巨M
re thano60% pe pole re laving ini hter ralu aras, weich haer omidannti marnet dekamnsd; hTreeare po o perpleo i urbann raeasa s ewll .06%多的口居人住农在村，农村市场需是求主体的；城市中有也贫 人困口 he Tpoorp puoltaion uner dth eopvret yinel tasdanrdof w oldrba nk (heti conm eof 1d lloar pe rdy): Apaporx12 0 ilmilno eppol (10e%o so rn itehtota l poulptaino )活生在界银世贫困线标行（准11天美收入）元的下困人贫：口 约.2亿1人占（口人总的数10%左右 R）rul poao ropupaltion nder tue hpvoetyrline santarddo fMB85R0 ,te hcruerntan ualni nomce precapi tain ur oouncty: rApropxm reoth na80 milionlp ople e我国以前人均年收入目85元人0民币的贫困线准标的计村贫困农人口 约8000余：万
人
3verOveiwo fMic rofinacn ie nChnai:Su plpy中国 小信额概述贷：供(给)
T1hre aerem ainylsi xmjao rixs Micorifnncae roPramg in suo rcuotrn: y国我前目要主六类有小额贷信目项:P rogrm 1a The :mcio rlaoing nfnudd by eht enteirntiaoaln isnituttino ssa ahosr-tterm“p roram”g. Themonetary aomnut s ippaox. RMrB 1b ilion.l类 1：以型短“项期目形式运”，由作际机构国资的助小额信。贷 资量金约10亿 P元rgora 2: Tmehg overmenntdomi-anetd(G voremenn+Batkn )imrc looanni gfudndeb yhte idsocut nogvenmrne ltona nd tah eopervytre udcitonloan o afrigcultualr anbk .Th emnoetray amont iusa ppro.x ormetha n RB M0 billi2o 类型n：2政府主型（政府导+行银由政）府财和政农行贫贴息贷扶款投入资金的 额小信贷资金量。约200多亿
元
4
Overveiw of Microfinacen in hiCna:S upply中 国小信贷额概：供述(给)
T2hre aee mriany slx mijorasi x McroiifnncaePr gormasi nourcoun ryt 我:国目前主要六类小有信额项目: P贷rogamr3: The famer rfmalyim cri ocredi tloaing nwit hedositp sofru arl rcdet ioocpreaitesv nads bulo-anof C ntera Blnk af oChnia .Them onteay rmauon istap prxo.m ro tehn aMR 200 bBliionl类 3：农村型信社用用身自储蓄央行再和贷款开展农的小户信额 贷用款资金量。约200多0亿 元roPgarm4 T:he “micro gauraneed loatnf or lia-doffand unmeploeyd poele” pporateed byt heu bar ncommrceal baniks sar euqrie bydthe s tate uathoitries isce nteh nd eo f2002 t oets u tpeh gaurnaete fnud. s型类42：02年底开始0国家管部门要求开展主“岗失业下员小人额担保贷 ”款，建立担保金基由，城市商银业运行此项活动作
。5
Ov
eview rof iMcrofni
a
nce i nhCin: aSpupy l国中小额贷信概述供给：()3
Tehe rra emialy six nmaor sjixMi roficnnae crPgormas in uor cuontyr:我国 目主要前有六类小额信贷目项 P:ograrm : T5h epveroy tai Micdorinanfc preogramc nouctedd y obffcialifi anncilai nsttiuionst trohuh gomceptiitevt nedre,w ih thetfi nnacal intireset subidys rtaiel db yte ghvernmoetn n i20 0ooprco units eisce n002.4 ccorAidn tghe ucrrnetre latiie,st is hporgamri sco nducte dojnily tyb te hrraluc erit cdoopraetvis,eg veronentm ovpretya id ffocie andfin ncaal oirags. 类n型5从2：04年0政府在2起00贫个困试行财县政息，由正贴金融机规 构竞标展扶开小额贫贷信项目从目。实前际况看情，是农村由用 信社政府、贫办和财扶政门部作开合展此活。 P动rorgm 6a T:he trai lrpogram of incororatipo nof cmmorceial “MIC” snivetes bydpr ivtaec aitaplcon ducetd n 5ip roivnes cna aredassi ce the ennd fo200 5.类 型：从2600年5底开始5个省在开区由民营展本资投组建的资业性 商小“额款公司贷的”试活验动 6。
求需
veOvriewof M croiinfnae cniCh ia: nSuppy l国小额中信概贷述供：给
Ba★sc riqeirumeent fosr MCI Trial :小额贷公款司试的基本要求验:是 Thee rra eo mnoe tran h 5inestovs rs(arheohdersl) ;loaed fnuds＝nunfd sowen dybs hraehloersd;t heta getsr rae famerrs ,inidvdual ioperatro and simcro entrpresesi, tehi tnreets arteo f olnasup o 4t tmis of beechmnakr nietest rare. the Tlocalg ovremnen tootk te lhea tods e tu thpe tria loocdirantinote maf o mrnageaenmt ndare gsiet wrih itdusnriatl nd camomerialcaut hrotieis ,which sie xepced tot b epaprove dot boatin ilimetd financng siuocrse bsaed o fnvoarabelo eprtainoin hetfut reu.不超 过5投资者（名东）股，贷资金款股东自有＝资，金象对农为民、个 经营者和微体企小业，款贷率利超过不基准率利的倍.4地当 政牵府头立试成点协小组进行调理管工商部，注门，册在作运好良 基础上的将可批来获准有限的融得渠资。道
vOeview ro Micrffoianne ci nhCin:a Supply中国 额信贷小述概：给供I
ngneera, lte MChsI inC iha ninclude :中小额信国贷机大致构包括
1 .hTea hdco nisttutioins off(ice)that ar e etsabliseh dofr biltaear lr oumtllateial prrgoram so mtnageaand peratoe hetfor ige-anied funds.d1. 双边或边项目成多专门的机立（构办室）管公和操作理外资金援。 2.The fo kl istntutioin tsha tacrr oyu thet icMofriancne pvertyo id arogparms 2..民机构实施间小信额扶贫贷目。项 . 3Thead h c onisituttonsies tbailshedby he govtrnmente t monaaeg nadop eraett h epveotyr adip rgoam ro pfvoety ard idicoustn mirco loan .3政府部门成立.专门构管理和操机扶作贴息贫贷小款信额扶贫贷项。 目.4 hT einfnaial cnitistutios nhattop rete tae hMciofinancr Peograrm directsly. 4金.机构直接操融小作额信项目。 ★贷.Th5ego venmretna dnfinan cal oriansg co(mmrcealib ansk of urrbna aeras r,ur
alc reit dcooeprtaies or avgircuturallb nak orf urrlaa rase),jo in efoftr toso praet tehemic o loar. n★.5政与金融部门（城市为府业商行，农村银农为信或社行），农合作作运小额贷信。★6. Thep rviae-owtnde nitsituitno shat atre uilt bsath etr ailfo romcmreicalizedM IC. ★6s.成立新民营的机进行构商化业额小款贷公试司点。
87
O★vrevei of Mwcrofiinacnein C hni
:aP loicyE vniormnet n中国额信贷小述：政概策环
The境g oernmvetnh s canoisdeer dthe Mircofnianeca sa p oweful rmeasuerfo r overtp yadito ohueshods, loveptr alyevliaiton,f arem rfailmyl an oand imco ernetprriesl on a政府将小已信额视贷扶贫为户、减缓到困贫农、贷款户微小企和业贷款一的项有措施力T h geoevnrmet nas htsirt cplociiseo n Mcroiifnanc aectivitie in tesmrsof :l gal stetusa i,nertse trtae a,ndd poset oifi sntituiotn, estc .Crrently,u te inherestt ate rof lano hss aben eoloensed ad npu t fouo rtme io fhte ebchnmraki netertsr at 政e对小府额贷信动活有较严格的策政定规机：的法律构位地利、、率蓄储等目。前款利贷已有松 动，不率超基准利过率的倍4T ehp rorgmas( opervy taidor cmmeorcalizie dMciroinafncep rogrma)s tahtu s theen n ogovermnne futns dfr oopraeiotn,c urertnl ysaty att he stgea ofall oed “writl”a, wtiohuta ny enegallyra plpiablec odcumenst r oegulartonsio n edtileada minditsrtiva eemhtdso .使用非对府资金运作政的项（目扶或商业性小额贫信贷目项，目前处于允）“试验许的阶”段，而没 普有性适具的体理办管法文或法规。 Th件 preesnetpo lic envirynomnt ena damngameent evlleo fop reaiotanlprog amrs lsa oafl ito ispdse oth financiela nstitutiios nadninte rnaiotnal intisutions tot nveis torm fuednsin th micro leano 目的政策环前和运境项目的作管理平也使一水金些融机构和际机国构愿不对额小信投入更贷的多资金F rot eht me biieng,C hni haave n oidel caredt invirenoenm to rosnd cruedt ieporrtig snsytm 目前e中国的用信境环理想不,征制度还信不完.善 9
S
ccuesso fMcrifionane incCh na i中小额信国贷成的之功
处Te cehnrat lan sdoe mlcol gavorenemtsn ave rheaizledth e vlaueof m icorl ons parmpolt
中央和y些一地政方府快很识到小额信认贷的价
值T
hece ntra anl ldocla overgmentsnj oi neffors titw the htastefinancia ilstinuttino tos tka theeMic ofinrnceaa sa too lor povefry tadi task snda faremr fmiayl lona
中央和地s方府政国与金家融构机同共力努小额将贷作信为贫扶作工和农贷款的户一 项具
工By
tiuilzig thnea uhtrityo adn rganozaiiotn isnitttioun os fthegov ermnetn,m apnwor, metearial nad infncial areoursec ,Mciofinanrce hs aovcree a drgae tnumbre of framerf mialeis andpoo rpeopl, eicnldinu gwoemn.H weoer, mavyn afmerrf amliis end apoo rpoelp ecoul onlyddi rectylg t eevy rlmitedifun sdupportin thepas t利用政府的
权威组织和构及人财机力，小物信额已贷
覆盖大了的量农户贫和人 困口包，括妇。而在女去，大过量户农和困贫人直口接得获金资持支是有限的极
1
0
uScecssof Micofirnacn eni Chin a中小额国贷的成信之处
功hCinse egovernmetnan dinanficl iastntitiuos anr ewllinigto nderstuad and bonror idewasf ro mht esuccessfl uexprienee cnda onewtrthy lesoosn os intfrneaitonl aicmo loanr .国中政和府金融构也机意愿了解借、国际小额鉴贷信的成经验功和值得警 的教惕训 I。ng eenal,r ht eovernmgnte ecnurogase ht erita ol pofvetryai Micrdoinfncea unde certairnci curmstancse. 府总的说来鼓励政一定条件下在行进贫扶小信额的贷验。试 verO te pahtsde ace, dte Mihrofcinacne hs asreved tesnm ilioln f roralu faimleis. 十年来多，额小贷已信服于务千万几的户村家庭农
。
Succss eo fMcirofninae icn hCnai 中国额信小贷的功之处
Thr成eep ogrrma (sovgremnet-dnomiante donse i,tnerntiaonalf-nued odne ans rurdal ceridt ocopeatrvesi) hve creataedpos tiie ecvonoicman doscil baeneift sfr othe urrl peopal.e三
类项目政（主导府、国型际助资和型农村信社用对农村人）口都产了积极的生经济社 会益效。
oSmei ntrentainal-oundfdep oevty ard iicMorifnnca erograpms amnaegdby t ehs me-gioevnremntin tsituiots nr ofol ikstntutioins re(graldss oefit smsal lumnbr) hevae madeac ihveemetnsb tohon hetp oertyv id anad the ufl lesprosibinliyto ifntisttiuon sor frpfiot sand losss, ehwihcmak e vry pesoitveisense t the oedelvpmonte ofsu tasnibael pvoret yia micrd loao.n
一国际资些助由半政的府机构或民机构间管的扶理小额信贫贷项目（管尽量很 少）取得了扶贫和数机构身自自负盈两亏面方的成，这绩发对可持展性的扶续贫小 额信贷有非常积的极意义
。11
。效
★
hT eatelrth reeM ciofrnincaepr ogams retso tusi nec 002 are2being k ckiedof f ndatr aield a tht eprsent end aahveach ievd ineiiat lfefiiceny.c ★2002后年开的后始三类小信贷项目额目前在启动已和验之中，取试了得初成步1
2
需
求Weakne
s so Micrfoifancnein Chnia 国中额信贷的弱点
小Wakenes os fMcrofiinnaecin C hia 中国小额信贷n的点
Is弱seuso nE xtrnela oPilc Eynivornmn 外e政策部环方面境问题的
sIsue snoEx ternl Polaiy cEvnroinemt n部政策外境环面方的问
题Waenessk fo Micofirance nrPjeoc 小额信贷t目项自身方 的弱面点
he rTgueatioln asnd opilcis of teehg oervnmetn od’tnfi ti thn eevelopmdnet o fimcor oaln, .g.en o nifannial cistniutiotn saeril elgl at operotaethe mi rco loa, nancnotbe reisgteerd b,u etenv ar teaexd政 的府法 、规政策适应小额不贷的发展信例，非金如融机构运作小信额不贷 合法不予、册、注至要甚征税t ha ttheg oevnmren tdosne’ etcnurages oteh feliblx pelicioesto t iarlan ddveloep tehMicro infnceai na ontcniuosuor oncsstinte awy 府政励小鼓信额试验贷和发展的灵活政策不连贯或统一 Th不eg
ovenmrnt estrictyl retsrict the intesrst eareto lofansf o trh geoevnrenm-domtiatednpro gram 政s严府限制格府主导政型项目贷利款 T率e hocallgove rnemns tra eofteni n nhaurominos ruletiansohp withit h feiancian (lor miro locna) instittious 地n方府政金与(融小额信贷或机构间关系)往协往调好
不1
31
4Issus eonExtern alWea kess nofMi rocinafce Pnloiyc nEirvonmn ienC hia n国中小信贷额弱点的部外政策境方环面的问 U题equanlc mpoetitin omoagn CIs M小与额信贷构或小额机贷信机间构不平的等竞问题争T h ientrnaeitnalo-fundde rporgma wsthifa orvbal feleibxlityi n iitenrster ta emy anolyta ek het ofm orfsho tr-trmetrial bu tnot o erated bp yinafnial incsituttoni s国由资助项际虽然可目有以利的率灵活性但只，以短能期试验项目的的式形出现 ，不能成为融金构 T机e hovgenmrnteand t ehban sk hvaent r’eeasrche or dborrwod esuffciinetly ro tak e asspuicoisuatt itdu teowrda heti netrantoinlasucce ssulf eperiencxe inu ing tsh eMicroifnance tod evloepth es stauinale bcerditpo vert aidya citvtiesi 府政银和对国际成功行额信小发展可贷续持性贷信贫扶动的经活验仍研究和借鉴不 够者持或怀态疑 T度he goevrmenn towriedra but toehre occurrecne fosi ilam rropblesmo rnfiulenes co fthe ESAf inacina lciriss ad rnraluc opeoraive tofnduaion 政t担府心类东似南金融亚机危和村合农社基金作的会问题影或出响现 hiCa nhasn satisfocaorty cerdi tnvieonrent mo(r recitdcult uer,fi ancial enclooy) g中的信用环国境或（信文化用、融生金）不理态想
15
Weaknes
sf Miorocfinace inn Chia 中n小国信贷的额弱
点Wakness oef Mcriofnianec Proecjt 额信贷项小目 自方面身的点弱
I
suses noEx trena Plolcy iEvirnnomet 外部n政策环境面的问方题
1
6
eaWknss efoMic ofirnnce ain hinCa中:国小信额的弱贷点 eaWnkses f Goovrnmene teLd Porecjtgover ment-donmniaetd rporamgs政府主导型项目 的弱
点eaWnkse sof Micrfoinnce ia nChian 中:小额信贷国的弱点 :.I Personel nf otehg oevnmrent do’n tnudestarndt h ebasi cconecpt ofsmic
rolo an政府工 作人员解小额信贷的本基概 小信额项目 贷自方面身的弱点
Ⅰ
hTepe sonrelno ft h egvorneent mondt’u denstard ntheb sia conccptesof mi rocloa
nhTe porrga permonsnel fo het ovgrnment aee rotnw leli formnd oe trranied wiht th emcir loan’so onccept ,im, afnutcoisn,m de ofoo epation, manrgementaa n fidanncai sluervpiiosn f funods
政项目府员在人额信小贷概念、宗旨的、用作运营、法、方管理和资金财监务 管方等面解不了够培、训足不
政府作人工不了员小解额信的贷基概念本
Ⅱ
Th
eg oervnmetnand het ankbs tills oepatret e hMircoifannc en thietr daiitnola odme fobe nfiest subs(idie)s
herT is ne omceanhsmi ofi centinve ad nersrtctioi nor nlo ymirpcatiacl or nixecuteablemec ahnsmi of rhe pertosnne lMa.y pnrsenneo arel pat-trmire wstiohtu cealrdef intioi nf roesp
onsiblitiesi缺乏
工作人对的激励员制机和束约制机或，实践在该机制中以执难行多工作很 人是员兼职，的不有明确能的责权定界
政府
银行和仍传统以的福性（补利贴性的）式模运营小额贷信Ⅲ
hTe prsenone ls iinh ih gturnoer vTe hogvenrmnteand th eb naskh s alse seffciine ptogrras
m人员流动大性
政府和银项行的目效相率对低较
The
op-bottot mmdo oefman geaemt arne usuall yappiled ofrth ep rgroams, wihl the epratciiatipe vmdo ef moaagemnnt erea no entcurogaed or avdcotead项
惯用目上而下自的管方式理而，鼓励不和提参倡与的式理
17 管8
1
需
求
eakWess on fMcrofiniane inc hiCan国小额中信贷的弱点:
Wekneasso f iMrocfnaincein Ch ina:国中小信额的贷弱点
小额:贷信项 自身目方面弱点的
Mcrioifannec ni teh radittinola ode mf boenefits(su sibide)s
I.I政府银仍和传以统的福性模运营小式信贷
额III.
The govern mnet nda th beakns ash lse efsifceitnpro gars 政m和银项目府的相对效较低
小额
贷项信 目自方身的弱点
面M
ircofinanecin hte rtdaitioal nmoedo bfeefnit s(susbdiise) 政府规定扶贫到户的贴息款贷%的利3不得率变动 Te hgveromnetn-omindaet pdrogarsm rquieerm asivsefi nacnialsub idsise政府 导型项目主需要大有量财的政补贴The effiienccy orhou sehod larrvailra e of tfund dsirtbuiitn ovaries sgiifncaitly namognd fifernte areas各 的资金发放地率或实际效到户差别率大很T her peamyentrat et keasa t redn of ontcniouus eclidnation ,evne dwo 50-7n%0in varege afor amynpr oragsm还贷率有 续持降下趋的势，多项很的平均目贷率还到降50-0%7 Tehfun dsfo r opvetyra diMic orifannce haevt foillm na yhols. eSome re uasde fo rte prevhiosub a accdonts of uteh griaulturac blank wh,ie slome aeru sd feort ehp reviosu voerue depramentyf o mrirco oln 扶a小贫信贷额资金管漏理洞，有的多于偿用付过去农的呆行帐坏，有用的于还上次 的小信额贷拖款欠1
9
roPrgma erpesenratitevsare sasgnedib u tontvo lnutee rtoe nagg eniMi croifancn perogamsr项 目工作员是人指被而派自非去做愿小额贷项目 信Som peesronenlo fargcilutrau blna kdn’tob eleiveth Meciofriancen Prorams gamyb eropftaibl or aere nwulliin gt oocnduct th Mecirfoiannce werh teeyhf eelth iere ffrot siwllh ve lattlei agi nand rget loas s农行的一些工不员信相小额信项贷也能目利盈或感到作工得偿不而失愿开展 小不信贷额 he Tprevialni pglocy iorienatitno f oargiuctlrau blnaka ndt ehre latiie osf hsinrikng outltes nd aersonnpe li rnurlaarea s re ahte obsatcles t oacrryo ut het icmo lorn 农a行现的行政取向策和点网人及员农村收在的缩现实很难效有展小开信额 T贷ehpro gamrpe sonrne lof gaircluurtla ankba n dtohe of ste hgoevrment nhva eo clnea rrleaitonshi onp dtuies ndarights wi tohu weltles-ablithes sdysetsm 行和政农项目工府人作员之的责间任利关系不权清、
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akeens sf oiMcroifnanecin Ch ia:n 中小额信贷的弱国点: sIseus itw Fihanncia Alsistances roPgram o fIntrnaeiotal Innsituttion s际机构国助资项存目在问题的 额信贷小目
Ge项nrealy, complrae dt toheg veonmren-dtminoatd erograpm,s th eitenrnatinaoll-fundyedp rgraom is swea kont he inafncalis puort fop rolan frsm ohetna tinoalb ak ann hardd ote largn the scoeep f opogrrams 般一来，相对于政说府导主型目项，国际资助项缺目国家银行贷款乏金的资持支，以难扩 项目大规模The rpgraom sopreaetd yb on-finannica ilnstitutins hova noecle ra leal statgu or operatsig runesl 对金融机构操作非的目项有明没的确法律位和运地规则营 oSm efolkin situtitnso perotea tehMi cofrnanci in ehetmo e of bdneefits,wi touh tconidsretian oof hetre uqremeins oft ssutanaibledevelo mentp一 些间机构民福以型小利额贷信模运式，不作虑考持续可发性的展求 要oSm entireantioan insltiuttinsoc onitnuet soppourt the rporgma shatt ailfor raehar dota hceveit hetarget o fustasiabln eedevlpomen t些国际机构一续继持没支或难有以现实持续可发目展的标项 The目o ccsaioan lrpblomes n tih erporagm sond ifficltu coodirationn iwt the lochalgo vrenemtnw ulodinf lunec eadn ihner dthesm oothex pansiono prfogrmas 有时目产生一些项与地政府难以当调协致一的问题影响和，碍项阻的顺利开目展It isc mmonpolce taht tae perhsnneo luaqlfiictiona nadmana ementgl vee dol’ntfi tni tehd veleopmnt oefprog amr s遍存普在员人素和质理水管平项目发展与适应不问题的21
eaWkness f oMicofriannce i Cnihan: 中国小信贷的弱点: 额eWanesk osfM icroinanfe wcith Rrul aCrdeitC operotaievs 额信贷项目小农村信 用社小额信的贷点弱自身 面的弱方点 Thec nolfct iebweet nhets amll moentraya ountm ,iwd coveeagr,em ay ontlets,ug rea toprtfoloi ,dfiifclu towrkof M crifonaine acn dhe tmslal unbemr fo pesonrne lo thf eurra lrcdeit oocpretaievsv s t.e puhrsitu ofp ofrt iatgrt; thee onflictcb teewe the nusbinssep lioies ocf bancr ahgicrluurt benak asnd te hilmiatton ofi nietrst raee vst. htec moermcailizaitn oofr urlac reit dcopoeraitev snd atehp uruis to fusstinabal deevelpometn
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弱小额信贷额小的，面广、多、点业量大和务工艰苦与 作农信社人和少求利润追目的标盾；矛农业支务政策性 和的利率限制农信与商业社和可持性发续追展的矛盾。求
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aknss eo fMicorfniacne ni Chian中 小国额信贷弱点的: Wakneseso fMicrofi nacne iwt hRurl arCeidt Coopraetvise 农村信用小额信社的贷弱
点hT erceidt ocporeatve ani dolal cural rcdares hvea n cloae rrlaetinosiph fodu tis and regihst 信用与当地乡村社干部责的利关系权清 不hTsi porgamrbusiness is ca rreidou itn away of “ animulapitn”oor “ awasm ro beefs 对”开此项展目业的务“应付”“一窝风”倾或向 The eriev wnadman ageemntbe for,edu
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ing adn fter theal ao naern ot igid,rw iht osspilb ceedrt iriks s前贷贷中、贷后审定、理管严和可能的贷款风险 I不ti pseferrred t eoxetnd th elaons ot argelb orowres ro prieldl rag ebrrowers by “oiadig wnaelt hotnp ovetyr. I”t i sshow nin ausvryeth t 2a％0fa rmr eafmlies aiccuotn of r0％ 8oanl. s偏爱放大户垒、户大，“富扶扶不贫的”倾，向调有显示查，2％0的户占用农8了％的贷款量0 omSe rcedi toocepativer hsa poosr ualitqy asstsea dn adpost etenxsiev mnaaemgen t一信些社用资质量产差、管粗理放 nI hte urrl cardetico opeartiev,sthe m anopwer,b sineussa d nanmagmeentl eel, vfund suplpydon’t fi it niwh tteh idwre ranegof ropudtsc, rgeatreamo un tf looansa d flenixlb etimel imt 农信社i力人业务、和管理水平，金资给等与供品产类、贷款额度增大、型限期灵等不相适活应 Ther ura lrcdet icooerptiavse raen to god aotb ororiwgn nietrntianaolstand radizdeM icrofninae ctecnhiqesu. .E.g i:nenctvi meehancimso f ewardro rpu nihsemtn, lfexbiel reapmeytnby ba th, cycclc iolaing, ntce 农.信不社于善鉴借国规际范小额贷技信。术如：奖例惩励激机制分期、活灵贷、还环贷循，款 等。 等3
Weakne2s so Mifcofriancnei n Chia:中国小额信贷n弱点: 的Wekaesn osfMi rcoinafcen wtihR urlaC edrt iooCepatrvie 农s信用村小额信贷的弱社
点sIsesuon Ex euctoni f toh eRgelautonisof CetnralBa n okfCh nia o nMcri Coedit:r 执在央行小行信额贷用款规定方面问的： 题.1The arfme rafmlyimu talluy garunteead rogp uish ad rot es tup1.农 联户小组较难保成形 . 2Th feramerfa miy credlit rtinaginfor amito insfau t 2l农.户用等级评估信信失真息 3 .heT lon aotens ytes im sno tdapotde ocmliapnly titw hhte penhmoneo no fplini galreg orrbwoes rbyi mpstoru 3.e贷款证制度用运规不，范有冒并名替垒大顶户现象4. Som efa rmr fameilei asd nacdrs eviwe thi bssiuesnsas bloo“d tanrsfsuion” ovpery taid ,wti hopro cedrt iwaranesse 4..有农户、干的部此将业视为“务血”扶输贫，用信念差，观5. hT ecerdt ilin ise owlred orec hngae fdormort aggel ona 5将.用贷信额度款降或变为抵低押贷款6 . Tehtop ilneof i netret srta of loansed eosnt f’it i niwht th cestso nd raski sof tish bsuienss .贷款利6上率限制限该与务成业和本险不相称
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需求
eakWesnsof icrMfinoace ninC ihna :veOrviw 中国e额小贷信弱点的:述概1. Th
goverementnd-monitae progradm shva ento tkane tehs staiuabln deeevopmlet nfo th pergorms aufll iytn aoccunto1.政 府导型主目至项没有今分考充项虑目的持可性续发展2. T e hfnianiac ilstitnuitnso apyn o neughoa tenttoint ote harget ant podsiitno f pooervyta difo rth erpogram and tsehi rystsm ean mdechaisn mdon’ cotplym wiht th estte areuqremenistf o rte devhelpoemt onf ovpety ari dmcir loao n.2融机构对项金目扶的目标贫定位重视不，体制够机和制上不适应扶小 额信贫贷
发展要的 3求 . Argea tamjritoy f ointenrtainao-fundld peroragm sraes ohtretm rone itwhotu onl-run institgtiounal roenitaitnoor p soitoi andnha r dtoac iehe thvetar et og “fssuatniabe poverlyta d MiICs” .国3资际助项目绝大型多为数短期项目非而长期构机型向或定取，难以 实现位成“可持为续性贫扶小信额机构”的目贷
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We5kaesn sfo iMcrfinonae in cChina :Oevvirew 国中额小贷信的点:弱概
4.述 Theg vernmeot-domnnatei add nnteinrationlafund-de pogramsr genrealy lare niaequatdein bu isens stchnicae tlriaingn,s an dthe preosnne lualiqicationf nad mnagemant levee donl’t it fn wiithth erequir emetsn o fhtep ogrrm advelopmeet n.4府政导主和国际资型助项型普目缺乏业务遍术培训技人，素员和 质管理水不适应平目发展的需要 ★ 项5.Th eitenest rrte palociyf r osbusiyd rogpars mra ienlfexblie★ 5.补类贴的利率政型策灵活 不★6 Th.e ogervmnnteh a sot lannuhcdethe cmopelt poliey cor regluatino or etadied ldaminitrativse metod ht odivr etehd evleomepnto mifrco oaln ★ 6.府至今还没有出台关政推动小额信贷发展的完于的整策法政规 或体管具理法
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Polcy ieRomcmedntioa政策建n ★Wh议t aht ehCniese opertvya d iMirocinancf shoeud lod ★目前:国中扶贫额小贷信做的应事：1.Ex
pndath taregt eustcomreg rop audn makret1.拓 宽标客目群体户市场 2. Int和rouced he tmecahism nf ofira cmpeotiiton ,and reudceth e diectr adimistranitve interfreecen na drpgraomo pertaoi onf teh ogevnrmet n.2入引平竞争公机制，减少府政直行政干预和接府部门直政接运作项目 .3Al lwo cerain tlfexibliityof itneestr are, tand ehp tlheMCI s i lnien wth a iceraint uqliat ystanadr dsetlt teeh fninacing isses 3u允.许率利适当的灵有活性，对合符一定量水质的小额准信贷构机帮助决解 资融问 题. 4tSessrt hevar iou ssecpilaize add nbsuneis trsaiinng asdn etchincl suaporp,t itwha ocfsut o sloev htec ocernnso f ntigreit ynadp orfssieoalnco mepencetfor al lindk of psrsoenenlo fM cirfoinancePro gamrsins/tiuttion, and so inteedden hacnethe ir tchencail apabciilt yfr oubsiessnand he levet lo fpoeratoni, amagenenmtand su perivsoni4 重视.各类专业和务培业和训技支术，着力解决持类各额小信贷项目机/ 构员人德素质问才，确实提题业务高术技力能，运管作监理水平督
★
Wat thhe hCnesi poveetr yadiM icroinafcne souhl ddo:★ 目中国扶前贫额信贷小做的事：
5. Chan应g eteh susbid yrporamg isntos utsainabe lrpogram 5.将补s贴式目改项为可变续持性目项 . 6Formlauet nd atsnadradize teh poilyc rafewmrk ino afvr foor the edveolment of parviosum icr loans anodcom pleet hetrele avn detailtd admeniitsrtaveim ehotds ad regulnaitons6.制 定和规有利于范各类小信额贷发展的政框架策，完并成相应的具管体理 法方规定 和. Pu7rsue te hustsianbae levelopmdetn, itw hecensasrymov eto teh irdceitnoo f“cel
aryl stableshedi ownrshepi w,el dleifedn pwero adnre spnsiboliti,y speaariotnof enertrisp feor amdmniistarion,t adn cisntiefc imnagameetn,” orfa n kynd oif iMcofriannc ePorrgmasi/stntiuiotns 7.无哪类小额信论贷项目/构机如，要追可持续发求，必展须“向企政 开分产权明、晰、责权明分管、理学”科的方努力向 .8 Riefonrecthe eucadtin oofcredit wareanse,s cnsotrct ute soundhc edri rtportiengsys etm nd apotmiziethe c rdie tnveroinemnt8 .强信加意用的教育,完识善征制信度的建,优化信设用环境
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eEd nhTank yo!u完 谢谢29