人教版英语八年级上册unit
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks
(一)重点词汇、短语和句型
(二)要点详解
1.You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮忙打扫城市公园。
Could 是情态动词的can 的过去式。在此句中,could 不表示过去,只是表示委婉、客气的语
气。一般疑问句的肯定回答用Sure./Certainly./All right等,否定回答用Sorry./Sorry, I can’t.等
You could try cooking breakfast yourself.
Clean up“打扫干净”
The classroom is dirty, please clean it up.教室很脏,请打扫一下。
You must give your room a good clean-up.你必须好好打扫你的房间。
Daisy, look at your bedroom. What a mess!
Sorry, I’ll _______ right now.
A. put up it B. clean up it C. put it up D. clean it up
答案:D
2.The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
Cheer up“(使)觉得高兴,振奋起来”
(2014. 安徽中考)—We failed in the singing competition.
—__________. Better times are waiting for you.
A. No way B. Best wishes C.Cheer up D. Good job
答案C
3.The boy could give out food at the food bank.男孩可以在食物库分发食物。
Please give out the papers before class.
These story books are interesting. Please give them out to the children.
【拓展】give 的常用短语:give up放弃, give in屈服, give over沉溺于(某种状态), give 的建议, give a talk做演讲/报告
(2013. 常州中考)Many social workers went to Ya’an to help _________ clean water and food to local people to reduce their pain from the earthquake.
A. put out B. come out C. work out D. give out
答案D
4.Let’s make some notices , too.让我们也制作一些公告牌吧。
Notice n. 公告牌,通告;v. 注意到,察觉到
(1)notice sb do sth注意到某人做了某事,强调动作已经完成
I noticed him leave the school.
(2)notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在做某事,强调动作正在进行
I notice Mr.Wang entering his office.
(3)be noticed to do sth被注意到做了某事(被动语态)
She was noticed to enter the office.
(4)notice sth done注意到某事被做
I noticed the glass broken.
(5)notice+that从句:意为“注意到。。。。”
I notice that she left the room
He noticed that she was evading his questions.
When I was walking past the window, I noticed Wang Feng ________ my homework. I really got _________.
A. copying, annoyed B. copying, annoying C. copy, annoyed D. copied, annoyed
答案A
5.We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day.我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。
I have come up with a plan and I think it will work.
I worked hard, and finally I came up with my classmates.
He come up to me and showed me his new shoes.
(2014. 黄冈中考)—Another good idea! And we could each call up ten people and ask them to come.
—Hey, we’re _________ a lot of good ideas, aren’t we?
A.getting along with B. coming up with C. catching up with D.doing well in 答案B
6.Oh, what did they ask you to help out with?哦,他们要求你帮忙做什么了?
out 为副词,代词做宾语时要放在out 之前。 He helped me out when I was ill
1.He _________ plenty of money to the people in the earthquake area ____________.
A. put out, to work out well B. handed out, help them out
C. gave out, work out well D. gave away, to help them out
答案D
7.Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.是的,许多老人很孤独。
Lonely adj.
She often feels lonely.
(1)alone 作形容词和副词,意为“单独的/独自地”,重要强调单独无伴,相当于by oneself I like reading alone.
He is alone there. = He is there by himself.
(2)lonely 作形容词,意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,是缺少朋友的同情、友谊的一种悲伤、忧郁的感情,指人所处的孤独状态,也可表示某地“荒凉的”
I never feel lonely because I have many friends here.
When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.
He went to the lonely mountain village.
I didn’t feel lonely though I was alone.我虽孤身一人,但并不感到寂寞。
My old neighbor Charles felt ________ after his children moved out.
A. lonely B. safely C. angrily D. happily
答案A
8.We should listen to them and care for them.我们应该倾听他们并关心他们。
Care for “照顾,照料” = take care of / look after
【辨析】care for, care about
(1)care for照料,关心,喜欢
I hope all the students in our class will care for each other.
I don’t care for tea.
(2)care about关心,在乎
He doesn’t care about his clothes.
(2013. 黄石中考)Many students in our school _______ the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses.
A. worry about B. care for C. agree with D. take care
答案B
9.Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.去年,她决定尝试做一名课后读书计划的志愿者。
Decide to do sth决定做某事,否定形式为decide not to do sth
【拓展】decide+that从句 They decide that they would decline the invitation.
Try out“试验,尝试”I want to try out some of my ideas.
10. The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey.孩子们坐在图书馆里,但是你能从他们的眼睛里看到他们将要和每一本新书一起进行一次不一样的旅行。
Go on a different journey去旅行
(1)tour 指到各地观光、考察,中途有停留点,绕行后再回到原出发点的旅行,也用来指观光与商业旅行等
He made a three-day tour to Hong Kong.
(2)trip 指使用任何交通工具的一去一回的短途旅行或指旅行和访问的总的情况,可意为“远足”
He is going on a trip.
I took several trips to Qingdao.
(3)journey 一般指在陆地上进行的长途旅行,常表示所花的时间及所走的路程都相当长,而且有最终不一定要回到原出发地的含义,常蕴含辛苦的意味。
He decided to make his journey to Ottawa.
(4)travel 多指长期或长途的观光旅行,泛指一切路上、水上或空中的旅行,尤指到国外的旅行。有到各地旅历的意味。
Did you enjoy your travels in China?
“Life is like going on a long j_________,”my grandma used to say to me.
答案journey
11.Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.这里的志愿活动对我来说是一个梦想的实现。
动词-ing 形式为非谓语结构,句中的Volunteering here
far more enjoyable than playing chess.
a nurse’s job.
Reading English novels(2013.白银中考)___________ honest is the first thing people should learn.
A. Being B. Look C. Be D. Become
(2013.遂宁中考)If we Chinese work hard together, China dream will ____________ one day.
A. come out B. come true C. achieve
12.I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.我能做我喜欢的事情,与此同时我也能帮助别人。
*What引导的名词性从句做宾语,意为“。。。。。。的东西或事情”用陈述语序
I’m going to do what I want to do.我将去做我想要做的事情。
*At the same time同时;At any time任何时候
They both got to school at the same time this morning.
You may use my reference books at any time.
*(2013. 聊城中考)Please tell me _________ to improve my English.
A.what I can do B.what can I do C.how I can do D.how can I do 答案A
13. I’d like to help homeless people.我想帮助无家可归的人。
Homeless“无家的,无家可归的”
“noun+less”结构,意思是“无。。。的,不能。。。。。”
类似的词,如:Useless, hopeless, careless, helpless, endless
14.I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.
Put off“推迟,拖延”
Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.今日事,今日毕。
(2014. 安顺中考)Spring has come. We can’t _________ the plan. The trees must be planted this week.
A. put off B.make up C.come up with D. look up
答案A
15.I’m too busy with my studies this year.今年我正忙于我的学业
He is busy doing his homework. = He is busy with his homework.
(2013. 滨州中考—Would you like __________ camping with me?
—I’d like to. But I’m busy __________ my homework.
A. to go, to do B. to go, doing C. going, to do D. going, doing
答案B
16. She hopes to call up at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.她希望给至少5所小学打电话询问他们的课后计划是否需要志愿者。 Call up = give sb a call, ring sb up, give sb a ring, telephone/phone sb up等,意为“给。。。。打电话”
I’ll _________ later today.
A. ring her up B. ring up her C. call up her
17.I take after my mother.
Take after(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父、母等)相像
【拓展】look like看起来像,多指外貌;be similar to 与。。。相似(可以是长相、外貌、观点等)
She looks like her mother.
Your views on education are similar to mine.
(2013. 贵阳中考)Jimmy is a good boy, he _________ his father, they are both kind and clever.
A. takes after B. takes out C. takes away
答案A
13. I fixed it up.我把它修好了。I repair it.我把它修好了
He is repairing a watch.
【固定搭配】(1)out of repair失修 (2)beyond repair无法修复
14.I’m similar to her.我和她相似。
Be similar to“与。。。相似”
(2013. 丽水中考)—Can you tell the differences between these two pictures?
—Differences? Oh, no. They look quite __________.
A. different B. similar C. strange D. Interesting
答案B
15.I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.我确定你知道这个团体是为了帮助像我这样的残疾人而建立的。
We are sure to take part in the sports meeting.
I’m not sure about it.
To be sure, she is not pretty.
Set up意为“设立,建立”
【辨析】set up, build
(1)set up意为“开办,建立”,常和表示组织、机构、团体等意义的名称连用,这时与found 的意义基本相同,但found 更着重打基础。Set up后常接school, hospital, state, government, shop, business等名词。
A new middle school has been set up in the villages.
(2)build 主要指“修建,建筑”,常接house, road, bridge, socialism, hope等。
The house is built of wood.
(2013. 无锡中考)I believe this is the best movie of the year.
Well, ________________. Anyway, the ending is OK.
A. That’s a good idea. B. That may not be a good idea.
C. I’m not sure if you’re right D. I think you’re right.
答案C
(2014. 连云港中考)China is going to _________ a manned space station around 2020 to explore more space.
A. set up B. put up C. make up D. turn up
B. 答案A
16.You helped to make it possible for me to have Luck.你的帮助使我拥有“幸运”这件事成为可能。
Make it possible“使。。。成为可能”
We will make it easier to do it in this way.
考点:make it表示“成功,做到,按时到达”的意思
I know you’re going to make it.我知道你会准时去的。
Could we see each other at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning?
Sorry, let’s ________ another time.
A. make it B. think of C.talk about D. come out
答案A
17.Lucky makes a big difference to my life.“幸运”对我的生活产生了很大的影响。 Make a difference意为“影响,有作用”。
Fresh air makes a difference to our health.
(2013. 南宁中考)The heavy snow didn’t ________ the international airlines.
A. pay attention to B. add to C. make a difference to D. keep to
答案C
18.I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.我喜欢动物并且我对拥有一条狗的想法感到兴奋。
Be excited about…..对。。。感到激动
(2014. 泰州中考)—What __________ news! The Chinese Women’s Badminton Team won the Uber Cup again.
—Really? That’s great!
A.interesting B.interested C.exciting D.excited
答案C
19…. and I could show you how he helps me…..并且我能让你看看他是怎么帮助我的。 Show sb sth/show sth to sb把某物给某人看
【拓展】show 常用词组
fashion show 时装展览
on show 被展出
show off 卖弄, 炫耀 陈列; 使显眼
show oneself 出现, 露面
show sb. around 领某人(到处) 参观
show up 到席, 露面; 显眼; 暴露; 揭发; 嘲笑; 使人难堪
17.The ideas that he came up with worked out fine.他提出的这些想法效果很好。 Work out产生良好的结果,成功
Things worked out well for Jenny in the end.
If the traffic works out, it will be used in other cities, too.
【拓展】work out还可以意为“算出来;解决。。。”
The problem is so difficult that I can’t work it out.
I’m trying to work out the answer.
课堂练习
Section A
(1). 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词
1.He was born in the big c_______.
2.The students are skating to r_______ money for the charity.
3.It will take them s_______ years to learn English well.
4.The two runners reached the finishing line at the s______ time.
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空。
5.She noticed a number of students __________(stand)at the door.
6.A concert will be held to collect money for _________(home) people.
7.All the students are busy _________(clean) the streets.
8.Who is the ___________(own) of the bike? I think it is Tom’s
Section B
(1).根据句意及首字母提示补全单词
1.I feel hot. Can we o____ the window?
2.My watch is broken. I’ll get someone to r_______ it.
3.Can you i______ you becoming famous as an engineer in the future?
4.My sister is a very c____ girl. She can write many English words.
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空
5. The kids experienced ___________(difficult) when they took part in the summer camp
6. He become very __________ (excite) when he heard that he came out first in the competition.
(3)单项填空
7. (2014. 盐城中考)UNICEF was __________ in 1946. It works to help children live a better
life.
A. set up B. put up C. picked up D. turned up
8. (2014. 盐城中考)Is the long-haired man Bruce?
No, it ____________ be him. He is in New York now.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
9. (2014. 盐城中考)My friend showed __________ some old photos of his family.
A.my B. I C. me D. mine
10. (2014. 菏泽中考)Why do you collect so many old bikes?
I’ll have them ____________ and give away to the children who don’t have bikes.
A. used up B. given up C. fixed up D. set up
11. If you have any difficulty, just let us know and we’ll ___________.
A. help you out B. take away C. keep you out D. give away
12. The girl __________ the woman. Maybe she is her daughter.
A. take care B. takes after C. takes off D. looks after
13.Things will ____________ if you are patient.
A. work out B. put out C. have on D. put on
14. Helen was so _________ at the news that she could hardly say a word.
A. bad B. hungry C. excited D. exciting
答案
Section A
1.city;2.raise;3.several/six/seven;4.same;
5.standing;6.homeless;7.cleaning;8.owner
9.D;10.D;11.C;12.B;13.C
Section B
1.open;2.repair;3.imagine;4.clever
5.difficulty;6.excited
7.A;8.A;9.C;10.C;11.A;12.B;13.A;14.C
2.Unit2的单元语法重点:动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to 。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能做谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。例如:to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等。
(1)动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可以做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。初中要求掌握的动词不定式的句法作用如下表:
Tell him not to be late.
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.
(3)动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when等连用。例如:
Nobody told us what to do next.
I don’t know where to go.
He showed me how to use the new mobile phone.
(4)不带to 的情况
用在一些动词后做宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to 。这种动词有两类:
一类是感官动词,如see, hear, watch, feel, notice等。例如:
I saw the teacher get out.
I heard the birds sing
另一类是使役动词,如let, make, have等。如:
Let me go!
They made the children work 12 hours a day.
3.Unit2的单元语法重点:情态动词could
情态动词could 用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求。如:
Could you please take the dog for a walk?
OK, but I want to watch one show first.
Could we get something to drink after the movie?
Could 也用于提出建议,比can 语气更为婉转。如:
Maybe you could do more jobs around the house so that they have more time for proper communication.
*专项练习
1.Water Park is a good place ___________.
A. to have fun B. have fun C. having fun D. to have fun
2.We should do what we can _________ our environment.
A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. be protecting
3.We have two rooms _________, but I can’t decide __________.
A. to live; to choose which one
B. lived; choose which one
C. to live in; which one to choose
D. live; which one
4.The boy made us _________ by making faces.
A. to laugh B. laughing C. laugh D.laughed
答案:ABCC
3.Unit2的单元语法重点:短语动词的定义
动词与其他一些词构成的起动词作用的短语称为短语动词。有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物和不及物动词的特点。及物的短语动词可以接宾语,而不及物的短语动词不接宾语便可以表达完整的意思。
1. 动词+副词
The plane at 7 o’clock.
2. 动词+介词
I don’t Helen’s new curtain.
3. 动词+副词+介词
We are all 4.be 动词+形容词+介词
It Australia at this time of the year.
5. 动词+名词+介词
You should 注意:短语动词中,在动词与介词或副词之间还可能有宾语。
The gang robbed her of her necklace.
I his recent illness.
3. 及物的短语动词所带的宾语的位置
(1)名词作宾语时,对于“动词+副词”的短语,名词既可以放在短语动词之后,也可以放在短语动词中间。对于“动词+介词”的短语,名词放在介词之后。
Please put up the map=Please put the map up.
He is looking at the map.
2. 代词做宾语时,对于“动词+副词”的短语,代词放在短语动词中间,对于“动词+介词”的短语,代词放在介词之后。
Please wake me up at six.
*专项练习
1.Who’s going to _________ the baby while her mother is away?
A. look at B. look after C. look like
2.We can’t _________ making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. Yes, I think so.
A. put on B. put up C. put off D. put out
3.The book of poems written by Indian poet, Tiger, is so amazing that I can’t __________.
A. put it down B. put it off C. put it out
4.Li Yan is a helpful girl. She always ____________ my little sister while I’m away.
A. looks for B. takes after C. looks after D. run after
5.We are supposed to _________ well with our friends in our daily life.
You are right. One finger cannot lift a small stone.
A. hold on B. get on C. put on
6.Iphones and iPads are so popular these days.
Yes, they can __________ our eyes to the outside world.
A. open up B. turn up C. call up D. think up
7.Our school is planning to ____________ a band to give the students a chance to show their musical talent.
A. take up B. set up C. pick up
8.We all know how wonderful you are. There is no need to __________.
A. show off B. give up C. take care D. carry on
9.Where shall I go for the summer holiday?
How about Xiamen? It is a city worth _______________ on a bike.
A. looking for B. looking at C. looking forward to D. looking around
10.The Yellow River ________________ flood large areas, but now the waters of it are used to _____________ energy.
A. was used to , producing B. used to, producing C. was used to, produce D. used to , produce
答案:1.B;2.C;3.A;4.C;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.A;9.D;10.D