无锡英文简介Wuxi

Wuxi

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Wuxi (simplified Chinese: 无锡; traditional Chinese: 無錫; pinyin : Wúxī) is an old city in southern Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China.

Split in half by Lake Tai, Wuxi borders Changzhou to the west and Suzhou to the east.

The Yangtze River lies between the northern half of Wuxi and Taizhou , while the southern half of the city borders the province of Zhejiang . Wuxi is also famous for being one of the of China's modern industry and commerce, as well as the hometown of many important businessmen who have played essential roles in building commerce in Shanghai since the early 20th century.

Name [edit ] The modern name consists of the Chinese characters 无 ("without, lacking") and 锡 ("tin ") and simply means "No tin". According to a traditional story, during the warring states period, soldiers were stationed in Wuxi on Xishan ("tin hill"). While burying a pot to prepare food, a soldier found a stone plaque engraved with the words "If there is tin there is an army, conflict under heaven. If there is no tin (wuxi), there is peace, quiet under heaven." According to the story, Wuxi's name comes from this inscription.

However, some scholars believe the name may have originally been "吳墟" ("Ruins of Wu ") from Meicun's role as the original capital of the region or from a Chinese transcription of an indigenous Baiyue name honoring a bird deity.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Others believe that the name could be derived from an ancient pronunciation of the name Fu Xi.

Former spellings include Wu-shi , Wushi , and Wu-hsi . In Shanghainese , it is

pronounced [ɦu ɕi ɪʔ]. History [edit ]

Zhou Dynasty[edit ]

According to traditional Chinese historians, two Zhou princes, Taibo and Zhongyong , founded the first Chinese state in the area of Wuxi around the 11th century BC. This state of Wu (吳) its first capital at Meili , generally thought to be the village of Meicun in Wuxi (although some records indicate a location closer to Wu's later capitals around Suzhou ).[citation needed] Taibo and Zhongyong helped develop Wu's agriculture and waterways and the area soon flourished. Taibo died without an heir, and Zhongyong succeeded him as king of Wu. His descendants were later officially enfeoffed by the Zhou court as vassals before declaring themselves full kings again during the Spring and Autumn Period.

A shrine to Taibo was set up in today's Meicun. Although the original wood structure was

eventually destroyed in war, it has been rebuilt several times.[citation needed] A stone carved with sayings by Confucius can still be seen at the modern Taibo Shrine, whose architecture dates mostly to the Qing dynasty.

Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period[edit ]

The State of Wu became one of the strongest kingdoms during the Spring and Autumn Period. Sunzi (Suntzu ), who wrote the famous "the Art of War" came to Wu and helped the king with military affairs. Wu was considered one of the seven strongest kingdoms during this

period[citation needed]. Some of Sunzi's descendants still live in Sunxiang in Wuxi near the Plum Garden. However, Wu was later defeated by the State of Yue,

today's Zhejiang and Fujian , which in turn was overthrown by the State of Chu and

incorporated into Chu during the Warring States period.

Qin and Han Dynasty[edit ]

The cultural and economic center of the "Wu" area shifted to Suzhou after the reign of the first Qin Dynastyemperor, Qin Shi Huang, who united China; Wuxi at that time belonged to Suzhou. During the Han dynasty, Wuxi was set up as a county by emperor Han Wudi. Historic records show that tin was discovered during the early Han era, leading to conflicts in the area. Soon, however, the tin was depleted. This was once believed to be the origin of the name meaning "no tin." The name was changed to Youxi (有錫), meaning "having tin", during the Wang Mang conflicts period because Wang wanted to change the name.

Six dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties[edit ]

Agriculture and the silk industry flourished in Wuxi and the town became a transportation under the early Tang Dynasty after the construction of the Grand Canal. Although Suzhou became the center of the Wu area, Wuxi was also important in the county of Wu.

Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties[edit ]

During the Ming Dynasty, Wuxi became a prosperous cultural center. During the late Ming and early Qing periods, Wuxi was a center for political discussion and public opinion. Agriculture, with rice and fish were major products in the Qing period.

During the Taiping Rebellion, Wuxi was devastated by the war's destruction, like other parts of the lower Yangtze valley. Warfare disrupted planting in the region.[8] As a result of famine, city dwellers resorted to eating human flesh. There are records of sales of human flesh from this period. [9]

During the late 19th century, Wuxi became a center of the textile industry in China and one of the four most important rice markets nationwide. By 1878, Wuxi was the leading silk-producing county in Jiangsu, outstripping even Suzhou, the traditional center of that industry. In the late 19th century, Wuxi was also the regional center for the waterborne transport of grain and a major commercial center.

20th century[edit ]

During the period between 1900 and 1940, Wuxi was considered one of the most important counties in China. In dramatist Cao Yu's well-known drama "Thunderstorm ", Wuxi was

mentioned several times with a comment "Wuxi is a good place". After the People's Republic China was set up by the communists in 1949, Wuxi continued to grow in importance, with the

establishment of more textile production and both light and heavy industry. This city was considered the second most important city in Jiangsu Province after the capital Nanjing . However, its developmental model has been criticized for the environmental deterioration caused. New strategies are now under consideration to ensure its sustainable development. Geography The city plan, as is typical of many older Chinese cities, is of a central city with a roughly circular plan, crisscrossed with older canals, the main canal still seeing heavy barge traffic. Wuxi itself is on an alluvial plain of deep sedimentary deposits cut between limestone foothills, making it one of the sources for "scholar's rocks", the intricately weathered stones which were used as devices for contemplation .

Climate [edit ]

Wuxi is hot and humid in summer and chilly and damp in winter, with an average annual temperature of 18 °C (64 °F) and very occasional snow. Because of its proximity to the East China Sea, it has a monsoon season and receives 100 centimetres (39 inches) of rain annually.[citat

Demographics [edit ]

According to the 2010 Census, the prefecture-level of Wuxi has a population of 6,372,624, an increase of 1,192,777 from the 2000 census, giving it an annual population growth of 20.9% the period 2000-2010.[11]

Administration [edit ]

See also: List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu

The prefecture-level city of Wuxi administers nine county-level divisions, including

7 districts and 2 county-level cities. The information here presented uses the metric system data from 2010 Census.

These districts are sub-divided into 73 township-level divisions, including 59 towns and 24 subdistricts .

Economy [edit ] Currently Wuxi is designated as an investment grade city, and has two large industrial parks devoted to new industries.[citation needed],While being the currentmanufacturing centers on textiles , there are projects to move to electric motor manufacturing and MRP software

development . Wuxi is the solar technology hub in China as two major photovoltaic companies are based in the city. They are Suntech Power and Jetion Holdings Ltd which were listed on overseas stock exchanges.

In 2008 new energy industries were worth 37.8 Billion RMB, with the solar photovoltaic accounting for 30.2 Billion RMB of the total.[12] The GDP per capita was ¥107,400

in 2011, ranked first in Jiangsu , ahead of Nanjing and Suzhou . [1]

The center of the city is filled with modern high rise buildings and the market is being redeveloped in a postmodern style. Hynix completed a new chip plant in Wuxi.[13] Industry [edit ]

Wuxi New District Since it was established in 1992, Wuxi New District (WND) has evolved to be one of the major industrial parks in China. A wide variety of components, sub-systems and original equipments are made in WND. Approximately 1200 enterprises have been registered in WND by the end 2008. Wuxi New District provides strong support for international manufacturing operations. The Zone focuses on formation of the five pillar industries of electronic information, precision machinery and mechanical and electrical integration, bio-pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and new materials.[14]

Wuxi Export Processing Zone Established in 1992, Wuxi Export Processing Zone is located in Wuxi New District with a planned area of 2.98 km. The encouraged industries include electronic information, optical-mechanical-electronic-integration, precision machinery, and new materials. It is near to Wuxi Airport and Changzhou Port.[

Culture As an important city for the "Wu" area, its culture bears distinctive characteristics, which can identified in its dialect, architecture, waterway transportation and various art types.[citation needed ] It was one of the art and cultural centers of "Jiangnan", with several famous Chinese authors claiming Wuxi as their home town. Among them, most recently, Qian Zhongshu, author

of Fortress Besieged, a comedy of manners set in China in the 1930s. Wuxi was the birthplace of the famous Chinese (later American) artist Chen Chi (1912—2005), in whose honor a museum has been erected in the city.

One of the handicraft specialties of Wuxi is the production of Huishan clay figurines.[citation needed ] and clay tea pots.

In modern times Wuxi has produced a number of cultural figures such as Hua

Yanjun (1893–1950) also known as "Blind Abing " (瞎子阿炳), famous for

his erhu and pipa music. Another famous musician is Liu Tianhua, who was the first to compile folk music using staff.

Transport [edit ]

Railways [edit ]

Wuxi is situated on the Shanghai –Nanjing Intercity High-Speed Railway, linking it directly with the provincial capital of Nanjing (1.5 hours) and China's economic hub, Shanghai (45 minutes train-ride) and the fifth biggest economic hub and tourist destination Suzhou (24

minutes). K-series trains all stop at Wuxi. 2

Air transport[edit ]

Sunan Shuofang International Airport (IATA : WUX) opened in 2004 and serves the cities of Wuxi and Suzhou. It is situated 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from the city centre and has direct flights to Beijing , Guangzhou , Shenzhen , Hong Kong, Taipei , Singapore , and Osaka .

Expressways and highways[edit ]

Expressways:

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∙ Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway (Hu Ning Gao Su 沪宁高速) Wuxi-Yixing Expressway (Xi Yi Gao Su 锡宜高速)

National highways:

∙ China National Highway 312

Provincial roads:

∙ S342

Metro [edit ]

The Wuxi government has planned a network of 8 metro lines. Line 1 and line 2 of the Wuxi Metro began operation in 2014, on July 1st and December 28th respectively.

Tourism Wuxi is a major tourist area of the Lower Yangtze Delta. It has both natural and man-made places of interest.

The city was built on the shore of Lake Tai with the lake providing a rich tourism resource. Noted spots include Yuantouzhu (the Islet of Turtlehead) and Taihu Xiandao (Islands of the Deities). Completed in 2008, this 115-metre (377 ft) tall Ferris wheel takes 18 minutes to

complete one revolution. Passengers can enjoy the scenery of Lake Tai and the city center. At night, lighting effects are switched on around the wheel.[16]

Literally "Tin Mountain" and "Kindhearted Mountain", Mount Xi and Mount Hui are two small hills located in the western part of the city. The classic royal Ji-chang-yuan Gardens are

located at the foot of the hill as well as the Tianxia di er quan (天下第二泉), literally "the second spring under heaven"). Xi Shan is also a name for a tourist area located in Suzhou. Because two separate Chinese characters are both pronounced "Xi": one stands for "West", the other (in this case) is for the metal material tin.

The Grand Canal passes through the city. There are two canals: one is the old canal that has been there since it was excavated, the other is the new canal created after 1949.

Wuxi has many private gardens or parks built by learned scholars and rich people in the past. Among these, Li Yuan, Mei Yuan are good examples that have been well preserved. Xihui

Gongyuan (Xihui Park), located at the foot of Xi Shan also houses historical relics,

notably Jichang Garden. It is about 1,770 kilometres (5,810,000 ft) in length.

Located south of the Long Mountain, near Wuxi's Mashan Town, the 88 metres (289 ft)

tall Grand Buddha at Ling Shan is one of the largest Buddha statues in China, and the ninth tallest statue worldwide.

Built during 16th - 19th century A.D., the town is located in the north-west part of Wuxi on the west bank of the Grand Canal and at the foot of Mount Hui. The town's buildings are mainly family ancestral halls.[citation needed]

Film and television District[edit ]

Located in the western part of Wuxi, the district consists of Wuxi Three State City Park, Tang City, and Shuihu City. Established in 1987, it was the first Movie and TV film studio in China. The CCTV Wuxi Film/TV Studio used for the shooting of The Three Kingdoms and Water Margins is classified as a AAAAA scenic area by the China National Tourism

Administration . [17]

Shan Juan Cave[edit ]

Located in Yixing (part of Wuxi), Shan Juan Cave is a 4-star scenic zone. The Chinese Romeo and Juliet, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai were said to study behind the cave.

Chen Chi Museum[edit ]

This museum honoring the famous 20th century painter Chen Chi includes a small collection of his works.

Other historical places[edit ]

The former Residence of Xue Fucheng, Former Residence of A Bin, Former Residence of Xu Xiake, Site of Luotuo Dun, Taibo Temple and Tomb, and Donglin Shuyuan. These historical places are protected by the city government.

Sports and stadiums[edit ]

Wuxi has two stadiums. The old stadium is in the southern part of the city and has yet to reopen. The other is Wuxi New Stadium, which consists of a swimming stadium, soccer

stadium and other facilities. It is located in the south-west part of the city, near Lake Tai. Major League Baseball has also had its main Chinese Development Center in Wuxi China since 2008. At the Development Center, Major League Baseball scouts and recruits the best players in all of China to play at the DC in the hopes that they will eventually play professional baseball in America.

Education [edit ]

Universities and colleges[edit ]

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∙ Jiangnan University (江南大学) Wuxi Fisheries College,NAU (南京农业大学无锡渔业学院)

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∙ Wuxi Professional College of Science and Technology (无锡科技职业技术学院) Wuxi Institute of Technology (无锡职业技术学院) Wuxi Institute of Commerce (无锡商业职业技术学院) Wuxi City College of Vocational Technology (无锡城市职业技术学院) Wuxi South Ocean College (无锡南洋职业技术学院) Jiangsu College of Information Technology (江苏信息职业技术学院) Wuxi Teachers' College (无锡高等师范学校) Jiangyin Polytechnic College (江阴职业技术学院) Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School (无锡卫生高等职业技术学校，原无

锡卫生学校)

High schools[edit ]

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学)

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∙ Wuxi No.3 Senior High School (无锡市第三高级中学) Wuxi Shiei High School (无锡市市北高级中学) Wuxi Qingshan High School (无锡市青山高级中学) Jiangsu Tianyi High School (江苏省天一中学) Jiangsu Xishan Senior High School (江苏省锡山高级中学) Wuxi NO.1 Girls High School (无锡市第一女子中学，原东林中学) Jiangsu Meicun High School (江苏省梅村高级中学) Wuxi No.1 High School (无锡市第一中学) Wuxi Big Bridge Experimental School (无锡市大桥实验中学) Wuxi Furen High School (No.2 Senior High School)] (无锡市辅仁中学/无锡市第二中

Notable people[edit ] ∙

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∙ Gu Kaizhi (later half of the fourth century), a painter. Li Sheng (772–846), poet, who lived and was buried in Wuxi.[citation needed] Gu Xiancheng (顧憲成, 1550–1612), scholar and politician, especially well known in the "Dong Lin Movement".[citation needed] Xu Xiake (1587–1641), Ming Dynasty traveller and writer. Hua Hengfang (1833–1902), mathematics in late Qing Dynasty who did studies in

various area of science and technology. He participated in designing the first streamer and the first steamboat in China.

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∙ Xue Fucheng (薛福成, 1838–1894), well-known ideologist, diplomat and one of leading exponents for national bourgeoisie reform in the late Qing Dynasty. Rong Desheng (荣德生, 1875–1952), the largest national capitalist[clarification

needed ] in the Republic of China era, most noted for his contribution to the Chinese textile industry.

∙ Cai Pei (1884–1960) a diplomat and politician in the Republic of China.

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∙ Abing (1893–1950) folk musician, best known for his work "Er Quan Ying Yue" (moon reflected on Er stream) for the erhu . Xu Beihong (1895–1953), painter, most noted for his paintings of horses. Qian Zhongshu (钱锺书, 1910–1998), writer, best known for his comedy of manners Fortress Besieged. Chen Chi (1912–2005), internationally famous painter. Rong Yiren (1916–2005), Rong Desheng's son, the powerful "Red Capitalist", the

capitalism-communist, Vice-President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 1998.

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∙ Lu Yaochen (吕尧臣, born 1941), Chinese art master, famous Zisha (purple clay teapot) master, born in Yi Xing. Ding Junhui (born 1987), Snooker player. Zhou Yongkang (born 1942), senior Communist Party of China leader. Jimmy Wang Yu (born 1943), Chinese actor who appeared in the Shaw Brother's One

Armed Swordsman. His movie, the Chinese Boxer (1969) is credited with being the first Hong Kong martial arts film that kick started the unarmed combat genre that took Asia by storm in the 1970s.