入伍的韩国流行偶像

入伍的韩国流行偶像

GYERYONG, South Korea — The audience applauded politely as the honor guard twirled its rifles, and oohed and aahed at the acrobatic taekwondo demonstration. But the real excitement began when the army band appeared.

韩国鸡龙——在观看仪仗队耍步枪，以及“哼哼哈哈”地进行炫目的跆拳道表演时，观众礼貌地报以掌声。但直到这支军中乐队现身，他们才真正兴奋起来。

The big draw: Jung Yun-ho, a soldier otherwise known as U-Know Yunho, one of South Korea‟s most famous K-pop stars. He burst onto the stage of a military runway here in the mountains south of Seoul, wearing a black T-shirt emblazoned with “Korea Army” on the back.

吸引众多目光的是士兵郑允浩(Jung Yunho)，或称瑜卤允浩(U-Know Yunho)——韩国最有名的歌星之一。他突然登上在首尔以南山区一条飞机跑道上搭建的这个舞台，身上的黑色T恤背面印有“韩国陆军”的字样。

“This is the band I organized in the army,” Mr. Jung shouted, gesturing to the other soldier-musicians behind him as 2,500 civilian fans quivered and shrieked in delight.

“这是我在军队里组建的乐队，”郑允浩指着他身后的其他几名士兵乐手高声喊道。2500名平民粉丝在下面兴奋地颤抖和尖叫着。

The audience waved red balloons and paper fans with pictures of Mr. Jung‟s face as the group launched into “Mirotic,” one of many hits by TVXQ, the pop act in which U-Know performed before he began serving his mandatory term in the army.

乐队开始演唱《魔咒》(Mirotic)，观众们挥舞着红色气球和印有郑允浩头像的纸扇。《魔咒》是流行乐团东方神起(TVXQ)的诸多热门曲目之一。在服兵之役前，郑允浩是这个乐团的一员。

While armies around the world have marching bands and musical troupes, South Korea may have the trendiest ones of all.

虽然世界各国的军队都有军乐队和乐团，但韩国军队可能是最时髦的。

In South Korea, where every able-bodied man 18 to 35 years old must complete a 21-month stint in the armed forces, the rules make no exceptions for pop idols, no matter how much their fans may miss them and how much income they stand to lose while enlisted. And in a nation where powerful talent agencies routinely recruit new singers and dancers to create pop groups, there is a constant stream of celebrities eligible for military duty.

在韩国，所有18至35岁的健全男子都必须在军队里完成21个月的训练，流行偶像也不例外——不管粉丝多么想念他们，不管他们在入伍期间会少赚多少钱。在这个国家，强大的经纪公司经常招募新歌手和舞者，组建流行团体，所以符合兵役条件的明星源源不绝。

Currently, about 630,000 soldiers are serving active duty, a vestige of the Korean War and a continuing reminder of the country‟s vigilance against the hostile nation to the north.

目前，韩国约有63万现役军人，这是朝鲜战争遗留的后果，也是在不断提醒人们，该国对北方敌国保持警惕。

The corps includes a handful of K-pop celebrities whose prime performing years fall within the conscription window. The stars used to be routinely assigned to a separate celebrity unit, but the army disbanded it three years ago, after a string of public scandals involving K-pop soldiers.

韩国军队中有几个正好处在演艺黄金时期被应征入伍的韩国流行乐(K-pop)明星。这些明星过去通常被安排在一个单独的明星小队里，但是三年前军队遣散了这个小队，因为之前出现了一系列涉及韩国流行乐明星士兵的公开丑闻。

Today, most of the stars serve in military bands that perform periodically for their fellow soldiers. But once a year, the army hosts a six-day propaganda bonanza where civilian fans can see their favorite pop idols free of charge. The fans are also treated to hand-to-hand combat drills, parachute landings and displays of tanks, rocket launchers and Chinook helicopters.

如今，大部分明星在军中乐队里服役，定期为其他士兵表演。不过，军队每年举行一次为期六天的宣传活动，这是平民粉丝的幸事，他们可以免费看到自己最喜欢的流行偶像。粉丝们还能观看徒手搏斗演习、跳伞，以及坦克、火箭发射器和奇努克直升机的展示。

Many citizens resent military service as an unwanted interruption to the education and careers of the country‟s young men. With some politicians also debating whether the military should convert to a voluntary service, the K-pop bands serve as syrupy agitprop and a potential recruiting tool.

很多韩国公民怨恨兵役，认为它是对该国年轻男子教育和事业的不必要干扰。有些政治人士也在讨论是否应该改为志愿兵役制，韩国流行乐队则充当了煽情的政治宣传和潜在的征募工具。

“The military can come across as a scary organization,” said Col. Lee Jong-eung, the director of the annual festival, which drew more than a million visitors this month. “But when these celebrities come to the army, everybody knows them, and we are asking them to unleash their talent to soften the image of the army.”

“军队可能看上去是个可怕的组织，”本次年度活动的负责人李钟应上校（Lee Jong-eung，音）说。本月，这场活动吸引了100多万名观众。“但是当这些名人参军时，谁都认识他们，我们正让他们发挥自己的才华，软化军队的形象。”

K-pop has also been used in the campaign of psychological warfare that South Korea has waged against North Korea. Last year, South Korea blasted pop songs by acts like Apink and BigBang over loudspeakers in the Demilitarized Zone, leading the North to threaten “all-out war” if the

broadcasts did not cease.

韩国流行乐也被韩国用在向朝鲜发起的心理战中。去年，韩国在非军事区(Demilitarized Zone)通过扩音喇叭播放Apink和BigBang等演出团体的流行歌曲。对此，朝鲜威胁称，如果不停止广播，将发动“全面战争”。

At the same time, K-pop music has been one of South Korea‟s most successful exports, helping to link fans across Asia and beyond. Fans traveled from Japan, China, Germany, Hungary and Morocco to see the K-pop performers at the military festival this year.

与此同时，韩国流行乐已成为韩国最成功的出口产品之一，把亚洲各地甚至全世界的粉丝联系在一起。粉丝们从日本、中国、德国、匈牙利和摩洛哥赶来观看今年军队活动中的韩国流行乐表演者。

“It‟s easy sociocultural currency for Koreans to transmit outside of their borders,” said Katharine H. S. Moon, a professor of political science at Wellesley College. “In the north, it‟s used as a weapon to stick it to the enemy, and within its own nation and among friends and fans, it‟s a very positive bonding tool.”

“它是韩国人在国境之外易于传播的社会文化通货，”卫斯理女子学院(Wellesley College)的政治学教授文馨善(Katharine H. S. Moon)称，“在北部，它被用作刺向敌人的武器，而在韩国国内，在朋友和粉丝之间，它是非常正面的联系工具。”

Yet K-pop stars have had a checkered record in the army, with some trying to evade conscription and others taking advantage of their celebrity status to flout army rules. Although military service may be unpopular in South Korea, the public expects all men to fulfill their civic duty and harshly judges those who do not. (Women are not required to serve.)

不过，韩国流行乐明星们在军队中的表现参差不齐，有些试图逃避兵役，还有些利用自己的明星地位公然藐视军纪。虽然兵役在韩国可能不受欢迎，但公众期待所有男性履行自己的公民义务，严厉批评那些不履行义务的人（女性不必服兵役）。

In 2002, Yoo Seung-jun, one of South Korea‟s biggest-selling pop artists, obtained American citizenship just a few months before he was scheduled to enlist in the army. He was barred from South Korea and just last month lost a lawsuit in which he demanded the right to re-enter the country.

2002年，韩国最畅销的流行艺人刘承俊(Yoo Seung-jun)在原定入伍时间的前几个月取得了美国公民身份。韩国禁止他入境，就在上个月，他输掉了要求重回韩国的诉讼。

Two K-pop performers were jailed for 10 days two years ago after they were arrested during their military service for visiting massage parlors that also sold sexual services. Another star soldier was disciplined after he sneaked out to visit his girlfriend, a famous actress, while on duty.

两年前，两名韩国流行乐艺人因在服役期间去提供色情服务的按摩店而被捕，被判入狱10天。另一位明星士兵因在公务期间溜出去看望自己的著名演员女友而受到处罚。

Many in the public suspect the stars are still afforded privileges denied the typical soldier. At the festival this month, the five celebrity performers retreated to an air-conditioned tent for bottles of green plum juice after the show, while the backup band members sat backstage on the asphalt eating snacks.

很多民众怀疑，这些明星依然享受普通士兵没有的特权。在本月的活动中，五位明星表演者在演出结束后退到一个有空调的帐篷里喝瓶装青梅汁，而伴奏乐队成员们则坐在后台的柏油路上吃快餐。

An army spokesman denied repeated requests to interview any of the celebrities, saying their images were still protected by the talent agencies that represent them as civilians. A spokeswoman for SM Entertainment — the agency that represents U-Know Yunho and three members of the K-pop band SuperJunior who are currently in the army and performed at the festival — said that because of their army service the pop artists would not be available for interviews.

一位军队发言人多次拒绝了要求采访这些明星的请求，称他们的形象仍受经纪公司保护，而那些经纪公司是把他们作为平民来代理的。SM娱乐公司(SM Entertainment)是瑜卤允浩以及韩国流行乐团Super Junior的经纪公司，后者有三名成员正在服役，且在本次活动中做了表演。该公司的一位女发言人称，由于这些流行艺人正在服兵役，所以不接受采访。

Cho Gae-hyuk, a soldier who composed a short musical about the Korean War for the festival and shared a barracks room with five of the K-pop stars for four months, said he was surprised by their work ethic.

士兵赵开赫（Cho Gae-hyuk，音）为本次活动创作了一部关于朝鲜战争的音乐短剧，他和五名韩国流行乐明星在一间营房里共住了四个月。他说，他们的职业道德令他感到吃惊。

“We were with them every day,” he said. “They are very disciplined and are more like soldiers than the younger soldiers.”

“我们每天都跟他们在一起，”他说，“他们非常遵守纪律，比年轻一些的士兵更像士兵。”

Observers of the K-pop scene say some of the stars shrewdly use army service to their advantage. Although South Koreans may not like the military draft in reality, they romanticize the army culturally, gobbling up pictures of their idols in uniform. “Descendants of the Sun,” a TV melodrama about a special forces captain and his doctor girlfriend, was a huge hit when it aired this year.

韩国流行乐的观察者称，有些明星聪明地利用兵役为自己服务。虽然韩国人可能不喜欢现实中的兵役，但他们在文化中把军队浪漫化，贪婪地欣赏偶像们穿军装的照片。电视剧《太阳

的后裔》讲述的是一名特种部队军官和他的医生女友的故事，今年播出时引起极大轰动。

Lee Seung-gi, a solo pop artist who served as master of ceremonies at the festival, went further than most of his peers and is serving in a special forces unit. He told fans that he had overcome his fear of heights during a parachute jump in army training.

单飞的流行艺人李昇基(Lee Seung-gi)是本次活动的主持人，他比大部分同伴更进一步，在特种部队服役。他对粉丝们说，他在军队的一次跳伞训练中克服了恐高症。

“Outside the military, I would not have challenged myself to do these things,” Mr. Lee said.

“在军队之外，我不会挑战自己去做这些事，”李说。

Some fans who had come primarily to see their idols — without the typical $100-plus cost for concert tickets — came away impressed by the more overtly military demonstrations.

有些粉丝本来主要是来看自己的偶像——不必花费通常需要100多美元的音乐会门票——离开时，令他们印象深刻的却是活动中更加明显的军事展示。

“Normally we don‟t know what the soldiers do, and we always thought the image of the soldiers were so dry and scary,” said Park Eun-kyung, www.zycaihui.com36, a fan of U-know Yunho. “But they seem to be so hard-driving. I felt like my impression of them had softened.”

“通常我们不知道士兵们都做什么，我们一直以为士兵的形象枯燥可怕，”瑜卤允浩的粉丝、36岁的朴恩卿（Park Eun-kyung，音）说，“不过他们似乎充满进取精神。我感觉他们的印象在我心目中变得温和了。”

PALO ALTO, Calif. — After years of scorning the political process, Silicon Valley has leapt into the fray.

加州帕洛阿尔托——在对政治方法嗤之以鼻多年之后，硅谷跳入了这类纷争。

The prospect of a President Donald J. Trump is pushing the tech community to move beyond its traditional role as donors and to embrace a new existence as agitators and activists.

唐纳德•J•特朗普(Donald J. Trump)成为美国总统的可能性，促使科技界超越作为捐赠者的传统角色，开始扮演鼓动者和活动人士的新身份。

A distinguished venture capital firm emblazoned on its corporate home page an earthy anti-Trump epithet.

一家知名风险投资公司在其网站主页上醒目地展示了一条粗俗的反特朗普口号。

One prominent tech chieftain says the consequences of Mr Trump‟s election would range between

disastrous and terrible.

一位有名的科技界大佬表示，特朗普当选总统将带来从灾难到恐怖的各种后果。

Another compares him to a dictator.

另一位则把他比作独裁者。

And nearly 150 tech leaders signed an open letter decrying Mr Trump and his campaign of anger and bigotry.

有近150名科技界领袖签署了一份公开信，谴责特朗普及其竞选活动充满愤怒与偏执情绪。

Not quite all the action is anti-Trump.

并非所有的行动都是反对特朗普的。

Peter Thiel, a founder of PayPal and Palantir who was the first outside investor in Facebook, spoke at the Republican convention in July.

今年7月，Paypal和Palantir两家公司的创始人之一、同时也是Facebook首位外部投资者的彼得•蒂尔(Peter Thiel)，在共和党全国大会上做了发言。

The New York Times reported on Saturday that Mr Thiel is giving $1.25 million to support Mr Trump‟s candidacy even as other supporters flee.

《纽约时报》上周六曾报道，蒂尔要拿出125万美元资金支持特朗普的竞选，尽管其他支持者正在撤离。

(He also recently gave $1 million to a super PAC that supports Senator Rob Portman, the Republican freshman running for re-election in Ohio.)

（最近，他还给一家超级政治行动委员会[super PAC]提供了100万美元资金，该委员会支持共和党新人罗布•波特曼[Rob Portman]参议员在俄亥俄州竞选连任。

Getting involved in politics used to be seen as clashing with Silicon Valley‟s value system: You transform the world by making problems obsolete, not solving them through Washington.

在过去，介入政治被认为与硅谷的价值观冲突：你通过让问题不再是问题来改变世界，而不是通过华盛顿解决它们。

Nor did entrepreneurs want to alienate whatever segment of customers did not agree with them politically.

企业家也不希望疏远在政治上与他们观念相左的那部分消费者。

Such reticence is no longer in style here.

这类含蓄如今不流行了。

We‟re a bunch of nerds not used to having a lot of limelight, said Dave McClure, an investor who runs a tech incubator called 500 Startups.

我们是一群书呆子，不习惯受到太多关注，投资人戴夫•麦克卢尔(Dave McClure)说。他管理着一家名为创业500(500 Startups)的科技孵化器。

But to quote Spider-Man, „With great power comes great responsibility.‟

但是拿蜘蛛侠的话来说，‘能力越大，责任越大’。

Mr McClure grew worried after the Republican and Democratic conventions as Mr Trump began to catch up to Hillary Clinton in the polls.

在共和党与民主党全国大会召开之后，特朗普开始在民意调查中赶上希拉里•克林顿(Hillary Clinton)，麦克卢尔因此越来越担忧。

He wanted Silicon Valley to do more, and so late last month he announced Nerdz4Hillary, an informal fund-raising effort.

他希望硅谷能做得更多，所以上月末他公布了非正式的资金募集项目Nerdz4Hillary。

An initial group of donors pledged $50,000; the goal was to ask the nerdz for small donations to match that sum.

最早的一批捐赠者承诺提供5万美元；其目标是向书呆子们募集小额捐赠，以期达到同样的数额。

They have not come through yet.

他们目前还没有实现这个目标。

We‟re kind of optimistic we‟ll get the other $50,000 in a few weeks, Mr McClure said.

我们比较乐观，预计再过几周就能筹到另一个5万美元，麦克卢尔说。

That relatively slow pace reflects Silicon Valley‟s shifting position: Even as it becomes increasingly free with its opinions, it has been less free with its checkbook.

这种相对有些慢的步伐反映出硅谷立场的转变：尽管在硅谷表达观念上变得日益自由，但动用支票本还没那么方便。

The most recent data, from late August, shows Mrs. Clinton taking in $7.7 million from the tech community, according to Crowdpac, a start-up that tracks donations.

追踪捐赠信息的创业公司Crowdpac来自8月末的最新数据显示，克林顿在科技界募集了770万美元的资金。

By that point in 2012, Crowdpac says, President Obama had raised $21 million from entrepreneurs and venture capitalists.

而据该公司统计，2012年至这个时间点时，奥巴马已经从企业家和风险投资家那里募集了2100万美元。

Reid Hoffman, the billionaire co-founder of the business networking site LinkedIn, offers a snapshot of Silicon Valley‟s evolving approach to politics.

商业社交网站LinkedIn联合创始人雷德•霍夫曼、亿万富翁(Reid Hoffman)的举动显示了硅谷在对待政治的策略上的演进。

Mr Hoffman was a top Obama donor, giving $1 million to the Priorities USA political action committee, something several of his peers did as well.

霍夫曼是奥巴马最大的资助者之一，曾向优先美国(Priorities USA)政治行动委员会捐赠100万美元资金，他身边的人也做了同样的捐赠。

Last month, Mr Hoffman garnered worldwide publicity for saying he would donate up to $5 million to veterans‟ groups if Mr Trump released his taxes, a remote possibility that never came to pass.

上个月，霍夫曼表示，如果特朗普公布自己的纳税情况——可能性极小，迄今未实现——他将捐赠高达500万美元的资金给退伍老兵组织，此举引发了全世界的关注。

He has castigated Mr Trump in interviews, saying he was speaking for those who were afraid.

他还曾在接受采访时严厉指责特朗普，称他是在为那些恐惧的人说话。

Mr Hoffman‟s outright donations, however, have been smaller this election cycle.

不过，霍夫曼的直接捐赠在这个选举周期一直比较少。

In May, he gave $400,000 to the Hillary Victory Fund.

今年5月，他给希拉里胜利基金会(Hillary Victory Fund)捐了40万美元。

Asked if there was more recent giving that had not shown up in federal election records, Mr Hoffman cryptically responded in an email, Looking at some PACs, etc.

在被问到最近是否有更多的捐赠没有被联邦选举委员会记录时，霍夫曼在一封邮件中措辞隐晦地回应道，正在看一些PAC之类的。

He declined several opportunities to elaborate.

他多次拒绝就此做出详细说明。

Even as Priorities USA has raised $133 million this election cycle, far exceeding its total in 2012, its tech contributions have dwindled.

尽管优先美国在这个竞选周期内募集了1.33亿美元，远远超过2012年的总额，但它获得来自科技界的资金有所减少。

The only familiar tech name this time around is John Doerr of the venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, who gave $500,000.

这次大选的捐赠者中，唯一熟悉的科技界名字是风险投资公司凯鹏华盈(Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers)的约翰•多尔(John Doerr www.edu800.cn)，他捐赠了50万美元。

The AOL co-founder Steve Case said his September endorsement of Mrs.

今年9月，美国在线(AOL)联合创始人史蒂夫•凯斯(Steve Case)通过发表于《华盛顿邮报》(The Washington Post)的一篇专栏文章，宣布了他对克林顿的支持。

Clinton, via an op-ed in The Washington Post, was the first time he ever publicly declared for a candidate.

他说这是他第一次公开宣布对一位候选人表示支持。

I always focused on policy and avoided politics, he said.

我一直关注政策，而避免介入政治，他说。

But if Trump were elected president, I would be disappointed in myself for not acting.

但如果特朗普当选总统，我将会为自己当初没有采取行动而感到失望。

He was less certain about donating money to Mrs. Clinton, saying it was probable but not certain.

对于捐钱给克林顿，他相对没那么确定，只表示有可能，但并不确定。

Mason Harrison, Crowdpac‟s head of communications, explained the gap.

Crowdpac公关总监梅森•哈里森(Mason Harrison)解释了这种落差。

Donors give to support candidates they love, not to defeat candidates they fear, he said.

捐赠人捐钱是为支持自己喜欢的候选人，而不是为了打败令他们感到担忧的候选人，他说。

A few billionaires are taking the opposite approach, acting instead of talking.

也有几位亿万富翁采取了相反的策略，用行动说话，而不发声。

Dustin Moskovitz, a founder of Facebook, said he was giving $20 million to various Democratic election efforts — the first time he and his wife, Cari Tuna, have endorsed a candidate.

Facebook联合创始人达斯廷•莫斯科维茨(Dustin Moskovitz)表示，他在给民主党的各种竞选活动捐赠2000万美元，这是他和妻子卡里•图纳(Cari Tuna)首次给一位候选人背书。

He declined to be interviewed.

他拒绝了时报的采访请求。

Part of the problem for Mrs. Clinton is that, however preferable she may be to Mr Trump in the tech community, she pales in comparison to President Obama.

克林顿的问题部分在于，不管她在科技界看来比特朗普有多么可取，都无法与奥巴马总统相比。

After some initial misgivings, Silicon Valley found its champion in him.

在打消最初的一些疑虑之后，硅谷当时将赌注压在了奥巴马身上。

There has been a revolving door between tech and the Obama administration, just as previous Democratic administrations had a revolving door with Wall Street.

在科技界和奥巴马政府之间，存在一道旋转门，就像之前的民主党政府与华尔街之间一样。

In June, President Obama seemed to suggest that he might become a venture capitalist after his term ends.

去年6月，奥巴马总统似乎暗示，在总统任期结束之后，他可能会选择做一名风险投资人。

Mrs. Clinton is not as enthusiastic toward Silicon Valley and its disruptive ways.

克林顿对硅谷及其颠覆性的方式没有那么大的热情。

In a speech in the summer of 2015, she noted that start-ups in the on-demand or so-called gig economy — Uber, Airbnb and their ilk — were unleashing innovation but also raising hard questions about workplace protection and what a good job will look like in the future.

她曾在2015年夏季的一次演讲中指出，按需型经济，或说零工经济中的创业公司——优步和Airbnb之类——既是释放创新，同时也在工作场所安全保障和未来什么样的工作是好工作方面，带来一些难题。

The Clinton campaign declined to comment.

克林顿竞选团队拒绝置评。

The Trump campaign did not respond to a query.

特朗普竞选团队也没有对询问做出回应。

But perhaps being vocal is a temporary condition after all.

不过，或许这种发声最终只是一时的现象。

The venture firm CRV was in the spotlight at the end of August with its blunt anti-Trump message, which included the earthy epithet.

8月底的时候，风险投资公司CRV曾因直率地传达反对特朗普的信息而备受关注，其中包括上文提到的那条粗俗的口号。

A few weeks later, it cleaned up its website.

几周后，该公司从网站上删除了这条信息。

The partners went from employing a publicist to seek out attention to declining interviews.

几名合伙人从之前的雇佣公关人员以争取获得关注，转向拒绝接受采访。

We reached everyone we wanted to reach, and hopefully influenced opinions, said Saar Gur, a CRV venture capitalist.

我们已经触及到我们希望触及的人群，但愿影响了他们的观点，CRV风险投资人萨尔•古尔(Saar Gur)说。

Then the buzz died down and we went back to our day jobs, which are super busy.

然后喧嚣退去，我们回归自己极为忙碌的日常工作中。