初中复合句

复合句

英语句子按照句子的功能或使用目的, 可分为: 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。按照句子的结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。复合句由一个主句和一个或几个从句构成。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立，不能单独存在, 在句中作某一成分, 如宾语. 状语. 定语。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。从句

I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon after he graduated from the college.

3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象、科学原理或格言警句，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

四. 其它注意事项 1. 宾语从句的变换步骤：

(1).确定引导词：that (陈述句) if / whether (一般疑问句) what / when 等（殊疑问句)

(2). 时态一致：如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时, 从句时态保持不变．如果主句是一般过去时, 时态必须一致, 即用过去的相应时态，客观真理除外． 3). 转换语序：三大动词与主语颠倒位置, do / does / did 去掉, 谓语作相应变化．

２. 当主句的主语是第一人称I / we，谓语动词是think , believe, suppose等时，其后的that 宾语从句如果表示否定意义，not 应否定主句谓语，这叫“否定前移”。 例如:I don’t think he is right. I don’t believe he will come.另外，要注意：这种句子变否定句和一般疑问句时变主句，但完成反义疑问句时要看从句。 ３. 宾语从句与简单句的转换：由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句常简化为“疑问词＋动词不定式”。 I don’t know what I should do next.I don’t know what to do next. ４.if, whether辨析：if 和whether 都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾语从句时一般可互换。但有些情况例外。在下列情况下，只能用whether, 不能用if ： 1) 引导主语从句和表语从句时。例如： Whether he will come to the party is unknown. The question is whether I can pass the exam.

2) 引导词与动词不定式或 or not 连用时。例如：I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not. Could you tell me whether you go or not? 3) 当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether 不用if

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宾语从句

【名师精讲】 一. 宾语从句的分类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语（或直宾）、介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1. 由that 引导的宾语从句。That 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. I don’t know why the train is late. Miss Zhang is angry at what you said.

3. 由if 或whether 引导的宾语从句。If 和whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

4. 下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句, 如：. 二. 宾语从句的语序

无论主句是什么句式，宾语从句必须是陈述句语序。例如：I think (that) you will like this school soon. I want to know if (whether) he lives there. Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting. 三. 宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：

We are talking about whether we’ll go on the pinic. 4)if 当如果讲时, 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether. 例如：You can’t work out the plan out if you don’t have the meeting . 【中考实战演练】

一. 单项填空

( )1.I don't know if it ___tomorrow.If it ___,I will not go fishing. A. rains;rains B. rain; will rain C. will rain; rains D. will rain; will rain ( )2.Could you tell me _________?

A. where does Li Lei work B. where did Li Lei work C. where Li Lei works D. where Li Lei worked ( )3.She said ____she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk .

A. that B. where C. which D. when ( )4.The teacher told us that the moon ______round the earth. A. went B. travels C. turned D. went ( )5. Would you please tell me ________? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game

( )6. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?

A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did ( )7. I want to know_________.

A. what is his name B. what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is

( )8. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?

A. that B. whether C. what D. which ( )9. Do you know________?I’m not sure. Maybe he is a doctor. A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do

( )10.The teacher told us that the sun ___in the east. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. will rise

( )11. ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden?---The day after tomorrow, I think. A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit ( )12. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what ( )13. ---Could you tell me ____________? ---Sorry, I don’t know. I was not at the meeting.

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A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting

( )14. ---Could you tell me _________ last night? ---Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.

A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing ( )15. Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken. A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had ( )16.Could you tell me _______ ?

A.what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with you C. What’s the matter with you D. what’s the wrong with you .

( )17. I am sure _______ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who ( )18. The old man told us _______ and ________. A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do it C. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do ( )19.I don’t remember ________ he worked in that city when he was young.

A. what B. which C. where D. who

( )20. The photograph will show you ________. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like

二. 句型转换：

1.When does the train arrive ? Could you tell me ? Could you tell me _____ the train_________. 2.I think he will come in a week.(否定句) I _______ think he ______ come in a week. 3.I really know which one I should choose. I really don't know which one _____ ________. 4. Does Mrs. Brown enjoy living here?Could you tell me ?(宾语从句) Could you tell me ____ Mrs. Brown______ living here?

5. Jim can’t decide what he should do next.(同义句) Jim can’t decide what ____ ___ next.

6.I think he has been to Beijing before,______ ______? 7.I don’t think he will come tomorrow,______ ______? 8.They aren’t right. I think (合成一句)I ______ think they _____ right.

9.I think he is right.(同义句)

I _____ think he _____ wrong. 10. We found him a good pupil.

We found _______ ______ _______ a good pupil. 11. His grandfather died ten years ago. It ____ ten years ___ his grandfather ______.

12. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. （改为宾语从句） I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.

13. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句）Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.

14. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.

15.Tom's father saw him sitting on some eggs.（改为复合句）Tom's father saw ________ ________ ________ sitting on some eggs.

二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子 1. 我认为玛丽不回来了。 I don’t think Mary ______ ______. 2. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。

Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai. 3. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。

Father said that he ________ ________ a new computer..

4. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。

Uncle said that he ______ _______ a new novel. 5. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。

Jack said he _______ something important to do. 二. 改错题：

A B C D （ ）_________

A B C D （ ）____________

巧记顺口溜：取掉引号加that ，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。

2. 直接引语是一般疑问句：变为间接引语时，用连接词if / whether引导，said to要改为asked ，没有间接宾语可以加一个。

He said, “Are you interested in English?”→He asked me if I was interested in English.

巧记顺口溜：取掉引号加if ，陈述语序要记住，时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。

3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句：变为间接引语时，用它本身的疑问词引导。

“What do you want ? he asked me→He asked me what I wanted.

巧记顺口溜：疑问词引导，陈述莫忘记，小心助动词，弃它最重要。

4. 直接引语是祈使句：变为间接引语时，句子的谓语动词要选用含有祈使句意义的动词，如tell ,

ask ,order等，引语的动词改为不定式。如果祈使句是否定式，在动词不定式前加not. 例如： “Stop talking”the monitor said to the class.→The monitor told the class to stop talking.

“Don't take off your coat” she said to her sister.→She told her sister not to take off her coat.

巧记顺口溜：取掉引号要加to, tell / ask要记住，直引若是否定式，not 加在to 前部。 直接引语变为间接引语的注意事项： 1. 人称变化：一主二宾三不变

2. 时态变化：如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句可以用任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，则从句用相应的过去的某个时态。如果所述的是科学真理、客观事实、格言等，间接引语中的时态无须改变。

3. 指示代词：this→that these→those 4. 时间状语：now→then today→that day yesterday→the day before ago→before tomorrow→the next day next week→the next week 5. 地点状语：h ere→there 6. 动词： come→go bring→take

【中考实战演练】

一、根据上句完成下句，每空一词，意思不能改变。１. “ How are you feeling now?” The doctor asked Tom.(改为间接引语)

The doctor asked Tom how ___ ___feeling then. ２.Mother said to me, “Don’t go alone at night.” (改为简单句) Mother told me ____ _____ go alone at night.

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直接引语如何变为间接引语

【名师精讲】

1. 直接引语是陈述句：变为间接引语时，用连接词that 引导（that 在口语中常常省略），主句中谓语said to sb. 要改为told sb. 例如：

“I'll go to your farm tomorrow”, he said to her.→He told her that he would go to her farm the next day.

３. “I will ring you up tomorrow” He said to me.(间接引语) He _____ me he ______ ring me up the next day. ４.She said,“ I have been to Beijing twice” She said that _____ _____ been to Beijing twice. ５.He said,“Did you see Tom last night?” He asked me _____ I ______ _____Tom ______night ______. ６. “ Light travels faster than sound”The teacher said. The teacher said that light ____faster than sound. ７.John asked if I understood what the man was saying. John asked, “_______ you ________ what the man ________saying.

８.She asked when the sports meeting would begin. She asked, “_______ ______the sports meeting_____?” ９.Father told Joan not to be late for the meeting. Father said,“ ______ _______ late for the meeting, please.”

10.“ I will come here this evening” shesaid. She said that ___ ___ __ __ __evening.

状语从句

【名师点睛】

用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句

(1)时间状语从句常用由when , before , after(通常可转换为not...until ) ,since（自从... 以来，时态为主现从过）as soon as（一... 就，时态为主将从

现,when,until,after,before 也有此用法) ,until/ till (意为“直到”，主句通常为否定句) while(就在... 时，常用进行时态) 连词来引导。例如：When he finished his work, he took a short rest.

It was raining hard when we got to school yesterday. When John arrived, I was cooking lunch.

While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.

As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.

He had learned a little Chinese before he came toChina. (2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，而用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态（即主将从现）。例如：I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.

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I will tell him everything when he comes back. (3)在带有till 或until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如： Let’s wait until the rain stops.

He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. Don’t get off until the bus stops. 2. 条件状语从句

(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless，as long as（只要）等引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to. U nless you hurry, you’ll miss the early bus.

(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态，即主将从现。例如：I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He won’t be late unless he is ill.

(3) 祈使句 + and / or + 简单句(常用将来时),. 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句，通常可转换为If / Unless引导的条件状语从句。例如： Study hard ,and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus. → Unless you hurry up, you’ll miss the early bus. =If you don’t hurry up, miss the early bus. 3. 原因状语从句

(1)原因状语从句通常由由because (因为) 、since(既然) 、as(由于) 、for(由于) 等引导。because 表示直接原因，语气最强。Because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why 提出的问题，只能用because 。As 和since 语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as 和since 引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。for 用来补充说明一种理由， For 引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：I decided to stop and have lunch,for I was feeling quite hungry.

---Why aren’t going there? ---Because I don’t want to. Tom was late for school this morning because he missed the early bus.

As he has no car, he can’t get there easily. Since we are all here, Let’s begin .

Because 与so 这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John

was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John

was ill, so I took him to the doctor.。

对because 引导的原因状语从句提问时, 特殊疑问词用why, 然后转换为一般疑问句. 如果主句是否定句, 变为一般疑问句否定词要提前.

例如：He didn’t come to school because he was ill. → Why didn’t he come to school? 4. 结果状语从句

(1)结果状语从句由so...that 或such.. that (如此... 以致) 引导。其肯定形式通常可以转换为…enough to;其否定形式通常转换too…to.也可由so that (因此) 引导。例如：I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it. 一些重要句型转换：

１) “so… that +否定句”与“too… to”的替换 eg. He is so young that he can’t go to school.

= He is too young to go to school(主、从句主语相同) He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him. = He ran too fast for us to catch up with. (主、从句主语不同)

The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it

= The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意carry 后省去宾语it)

2）“so… that +从句”与“enough to”的替换 eg. He’s so strong that he can carry the box. = He’s strong enough to carry the box. 2)The question is so easy that I can answer it =The question is easy enough for me to answer (2)so…that语such...that 可以互换。例如：在由so...that 引导的结果状语从句中，so 是副词，与形容词或副词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word. The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such 是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a 或an 。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exam.

有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see

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it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.

(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such 。例如：

Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.

He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.

5. 比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由as…as（其否定式为not so ...as）, 比较级 + than…等连词引导。例如： Tom runs faster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one.

The work isn’t 这项工作比我想象得难。

6. 目的状语从句

(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导，so that 可以转换为in order to或to do sth.例如： We started early so that we could catch the first train. We used the computer in order that we might save time. (2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1) 目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2) 从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)

Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句) 7. 让步状语从句

(1)让步状语从句通常由although(though) (虽然) ,even if / even though (即使),whatever/whenever / wherever/ however / whoever (no matter + 疑问词）等引 导。例如：Although I am tired, I must go on working. John continued to work hard even if he felt sick.

(2) Though与but 不能同时出现, 二者只用其一. Though he is young, he knows a lot. English is too hard, but we can’t drop it. 8. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句常常由where 来引导。例如： Go where you like.

Where there is a will, there is a way. 【中考实战演练】

一. 单项填空

( )1.The twin sisters have learned a lot ______they came to China .A. when B. as soon as C. since D. after ( )2.I can't understand this passage _____there are no new words in it . A. if B. because C. though D.and ( )3.We won't have supper ______my brother comes . A. after B. since C. while D. until ( )4. ---I hope you’ll enjoy your trip, dear! --Thank you, mum. I’ll give you a call _________ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till ( )5. ---Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us?---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be

( )6. John fell asleep ________ he was listening to the music.

A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as ( )7. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow.

A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming ( )8. The police asked the children _______ cross the street ________ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. don’t; when C. not to; until D. not; after

( )9. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because

( )10. ---This dress was last year’s style.--I think it still looks perfect ______ it has gone out this year. A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since ( )11. In the exam, the ________ you are, ______ the _______ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less

( )12. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to paly. A. before B. after C. when D. while ( )13. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you have any questions. A. which B. that C. where D. though

( )14. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him.

A. for B. so that C. because D. in order ( ) 15. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walk.

A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day

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C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day

( )16. The mountain was ______ steep _____ few people in our city reached the top.

A. so…as B. so…that C. as…as D. too…to ( )17. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.

A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if ( )18. Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D. got ( )19. Mary will go ____ after she ____ her homework. A. shops, finish B. shopping, finishes ( )20. Li Ping gives me more help than Wang Lin ____ .A. is B. has C. does D. gives

二. 用所给词的正确形式填空：

1.You ____________ (miss ) the train if you don't hurry .

2. I'll give the note to him as soon as he ________(come).

3.We'll go to the park if it __________(not rain ) tomorrow .

4. Jim _________(make) many friends since he _____(come) to China.

5. You may go out to play when your homework _________(do).

6. He won’t go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.

7. Whi l e my mother _________(watch)TV, I _________（cook ）yester d ay

8. I ___________ (pl ay) the computer game in the office when they came in.

9.It ________ (be) nearly two years since we went to the party last.

10.He is hungry, because he ________ (not have ) his breakfast yet.

11. When Tom’s mother came home, little Tom _______ (cry) loudly.

12.I ________ (not know) it until you ________ (tell) me.

13.When they got to the theatre,the movie ______ (be)on for a quarter.

14.He ________(be) better today than he ________ (be) yesterday.

15.Whatever ________ (happen) , I ________ (be) on your side.

三. 句型转换。

1.I went to bed after I finished my homework .(同义句) I ______ go to bed ______I finished my homework. 划线提问)

_______ _______Jim come to school this morning? 3.He is so young that he can't go to school.(同义句) He is _______ young _______ go to school. He isn't _______ old _______ go to school.

4. Study harder, and you'll catch up with the others.(同义句)

_____ _______ study harder, you'll catch up with the others.

5.Hurry up, or you'll miss the early bus.(同义句) ____you____hurry up, you'll miss the early bus. 6.Water the trees often . they can grow well.(合成一句) Water the trees often _____ ______they can grow well. 7. We can't finish the work if you don't help us. We can't finish the work _____ _____ help.

8.The water was so hot that we couldn't drink it. (改为简单句) The water was ______ hot for us ______drink. 9.My father was very angry with me. He couldn't say a word. (改为复合句)My father was ______ angry with me ______ he couldn't say a word.

10.When I saw Tom. I gave the letter to him at once.(同义句) I gave the letter to Tom ______ _______ ______ I saw him.

11. When Lily was seven years old. She could ride a bike.(同义句)______ ______ ______ ______ seven, Lily ______ _______ ______ride a bike.

12.He didn't go to school because he was ill.(同义句) He didn't go to school ________ ________ his illness. 13.If you don't study hard, you'll fall behind the others.(同义句)

_______you ______hard, you'll fall behind the others. 14.It's five years since my grandfather died.(同义句) My grandfather has ________ _________ for five years.

15.The match is so important that you can't miss it.(同义句)

It's _____ _____ important match that you can't miss it. 17. The stone is so heavy that I can’t lift it.(同义句) It is ___ ____ heavy stone _____ I can’t lift it. 划线提问)____ ____ has Mrs. Smith taught in your school?

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19.Jack was very angry. He couldn’t speak.(合并为简单句) Jack was _____ angry ____ speak

20.He didn’t catch the last bus, so he had to go back on foot.(同义句)He had to walk back _________ he _______ the last bus.

21.There are more people in Shanghai than in Tianjin.(同义句)The ______________ of Shanghai is___________ than that of Tianjin.

22. Wei hua is the tallest boy in his class.(同义句) Wei Hua is ______ than ____ ____boy in his class. Wei Hua is ______ than ____ ____boys in his class. ______ is ________ than Wei Hua of all the boys in his class.

23. It’s a long time since we met last.We _______ _____ each other for a long time since we met last. 24.We have been here for four years. It’s four years ____ we _____ here. 25. Japanese is not so popular as English. Japanese is ______ popular _______ English. 26. He has more story-books than I. I haven't ________ many story-books _______ he.

27. Jane prefers English to maths. So does Ann. ________ Jane ________ Ann ________ English better than maths.

28. The room is so small that my family can't live in it. The room isn't ______ ________ ____ my family ___ live in.

The room is ______ small ________ my family _______ live in.

29. Lily was born ten minutes earlier than I was. I am ten minutes _______ than Lily.

30. Lucy has been away from the USA for 5 years. It's 5 years ______she ______the USA 二. 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子 1. 不管他跟我开什麽玩笑，我都不生气。 I am not angry with him, _______ _______ ______ jokes he plays on me.

2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。Mrs Bruce was _______ kind to her students ______ they regard her as their mother.

3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance_____ _____ ______ we try our best.

4. 他长大后相当一名记者。He wants to be a journalist ______ _______ _______ _______.

5. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。Li Ming didn’t come to school _______ _______ ______ ______.

定语从句

【名师精讲】

一. 定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. Do you know everybody who came to the party? 1949 was the year when the People’s Repubic of China founded

This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. I’ve just met a lady whom I saw last week. Have you had everything that you need? He is the last person that I want to see. The house in which he lives is very old.

Do you know the reason why she was late for school? 二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作宾语：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

3. 作定语：关系代词whose 在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4. 作状语：I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

This is the house where I was born. 三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1、, whom先行词指“人”的定语从句：由who （作主语）（作宾语） ,whose （作定语，修饰名词）和that(作主语或宾语) 等关系代词引导。

Yao Ming is a famous basketball player who is playing in the NBA..

The singer whom I like best is Jay Chou. Do you know the singer whose name is Jack? 2、先行词指“事或物”的定语从句：由which;that(作主语或宾语，作主语不可省，作宾语可省略) 等关系代词引导。

China is a country which / that has a large population. The movie (which/that) we saw last night was very interesting.

3. 由when;,where ;why（作状语）等关系副词引导的定语从句。when 用在表示时间的

why 用在名词后面;where 用在表示地点的名词后面；原因的后面。

I still remember the day when I first met him. Can you remember the playground where we played basketball last winter?

This is the reason why I was late this morning. 4. 关系代词 whom ， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.

四. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题： 1. 只能使用that, 不用which 的情况： (1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true.

Is there anything that you don't need ?

(2) 先行词被the only,the last, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

Xi'an is the last city that I visited.

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。 例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year. This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .

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(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如： He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.

(6)当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：who is the man that opened up the lab. 2. 只能用which ，不用that 的情况：

(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

(2)当关系代词作介词的宾语而且介词提到关系代词前面时，用“介词＋which”结构。

例如： This is the school in which I studied ten years ago. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived = This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in. =This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in

English teacher?---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.

A. he B. that C. whom D. which

( )7. The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.

A. who's B. whose C. that D. of which ( )8. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.

A. who B. whom C. he D. which

( )9. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.

A. that B. which C. why D. when

( )10. The moon is a world ______ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why

( )11. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which

( )12. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A. who B. That C. whose D. which ( )13. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.

A. that B. which C. when D. where ( )14. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where

( )15. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where ( )16. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when

( ) 17.The most important thing ______ we should

pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said. A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, that

( ) 18.This is the only one of these books that

______worth reading.A．has B. have C. is D. are ( )19. That’s all ______ I have seen and heard. A. which B. that C. where D. what ( )20. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading. A. that B. as C. who D. which 二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句

1. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

2. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.

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3. 定语从句可简化为短语

(1)定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；

定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。

(1)定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介

词短语作定语。

(1)定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定

式。

1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. = I bought a book written by Lu Xun.

2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that. = Tell the children playing there not to do that. 3)The book that is on the table is mine. = The book on the table is mine. 4) We have nothing that we should fear. = We have nothing to fear. 【中考实战演练】

一. 单项填空

( )1.The Skirt _____she is wearing is beautiful . A. which B. who C. whom D. where ( )2.Most people _____live in less developed countries are quite poor .

A. who B. whom C. when D. which ( )3. The young lady ____ we met yesterday is our maths teacher.

A. what B. whose C. whom D. which ( )4. This is the cage in___ Polly lives. A. that B. what C. which D. who ( )5. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that

( )6. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our

3. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.

4. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.

5. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.

三. 句型转换：

1.I'm reading a book . The book is about Bill Gates.(合并成一个含定语从句的复合句) The book ______ I am reading ______ about Bill Gates.

2. The girl in a red hat is my sister. (改为同义句) The girl ____ __ _______ a red hat is my sister. necklace.(对划线部分提问)

______ _______ stole Mrs. Green's necklace? 4. This is the book. I lost it three days ago. (改为定语从句) This is the book___ I____three days ago. 5. This is the present. My grandfather gave me it for Christmas. (改为定语从句)This is the present ___my grandfather____ me for Christmas. 三. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1. The house _______ we live in is very big. 2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.

4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.

5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.

6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.

7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.

8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.

9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived? 10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.

(搜集整理：金塔三中九年级英语备课组张卫权2011-02-27)

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