陈述句.疑问句.祈使句和感叹句讲解与练习
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句讲解与练习
一、 陈述句
陈述句就是叙述一件事情后者表达一种看法的句子。
陈述句的分类
陈述句可以分为肯定式和否定式两种。
1. 肯定式
第一种:主语+谓语+其他,如
Lucy likes playing sports.
I am singing.
My father went to Beijing last week.
She can ride the bike.
第二种:主语+系动词+表语,如:
This room is empty.
We are good friends .
2. 否定式
陈述句的否定式有以下三种:
第一种就是Be动词加,后面not 构成否定句。
如:lisa is not a student
There were not at school yesterday.
第二种就是实义动词,而且没有情态动词或 助动时,要用“do/dose/did +not 构成否定。
如:I don’t like music.
The farmer did not want to feed the rabbit.
第三种:谓语动词为“助动词、情态动词+实义动词”时,要用“助动词/情态动词+not” 构成否定。
如:I am not going to play computer games.
Harry must not go to school at night.
We can not go hiking with you this weekend.
二、 疑问句分为四种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。
1. 一般疑问句通常以be ,have ,助动词或情态动词开头,回答时用Yes, No, 朗
读时要用升调。
2. 特殊疑问句是对句子某一部分的疑问句。
特殊疑问句的句式是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。疑问词有who, whom , whose , what, when, why , where ,how 等。如:who is our classmate? What does Kate do on Sundays?
Whose cat is it ? which bag will they buy? When did he go out ? Why don’t we go together?
Where were you last night ? How are you today?
3. 选择疑问句的结构是提供两种或两种以上的情况,供对方进行选择回答的句
子。
选择疑问句的句式是:一般疑问句+or +可选择部分。如: are the apples red or green ?
选择疑问句的特殊疑问句式是:特殊疑问句+or+可选择部分。如: which girl is taller ,Sally or Jessica?
选择疑问句的回答和特殊疑问句一样,不能用yes 或no ,要根据实际情况回答。朗读时,选择疑问句在or 前面的部分要用升调,句末要读降调。
4. 反义疑问句的句式有两种,一种是:肯定句陈述句+否定结构的反意疑问句
是在陈述句的后面,对陈述句所说的实施或看法提出疑问的句子。
附加疑问句。如: you know him ,don’t you ? 另一种是: 否定陈述句+肯定结构的附加疑问句。如:Sandy can’t speaking English ,can he?
反义疑问句也要用yes 或No来回答。如果陈述句部分的内容是事实,就用yes 回答,后面相应的用肯定结构;如果陈述句部分的内容不是事实,就用no 来回答,后面跟否定结构。在翻译时要注意yes 和no的意思。
如:you know him ,don’t you? Yes ,I do . (是,我认识。) No, I don’t ( 不,我不认识)
Sandy can’t speak English ,can he ? Yes ,he can . (不,他会。) No, he can’t.(是的,他不会。)
在朗读时,陈述句部分用降调,附加疑问可以升也可以降。
三、祈使句
1.什么是祈使句
用来表示请示、命令、劝告、建议等的句子叫做祈使句。如:Sit down, please. Be careful!
2.祈使句的分类
根据用途和功能,祈使句可以分为以下几类
表请求。如: Close the window , please.
表命令。如 Stop talking!
表提醒或警告。如: Look out !The car is coming.
表邀请。如: Help yourself to some fish.
表示禁止。如:Don’t spit ! No parking!
四、感叹句的结构
小学阶段的感叹句主要有how 和what 引导两种。
1.How感叹句的结构:how +形容词/副词+主语+谓语,如:how nice the boots are!
2.what 感叹句的结构:What +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语,如:what a pretty girl she is ! 但是如果是可数名词复数或不可数名词,就可以去掉句中的a/an. 如:What expensive pens these are ! What pleasant weather it is!
巩固练习
基础题
( )1. Where is the man?
A. Under the tree B. At 10:00 C. Read a book D. My mother
( )2. How do you go to school?
A. At 8:00 B. I C. Today D. By bike
( )3. What’ he?
A. Working B. His father C. At home D. A teacher.
( )4. What time do you get up every day?
A. At home B. He C. Clean my bedroom D. At 7:00
( )5. What _____ she do this morning?
A. is B. does C. do D. did
( )6. How ______ you do?
A. are B. is C. do D. did
( )7. Which is better, the red one _____ the blue one?
A. and B. or C. but D. so
( )8. ________ are you?
Wonderful!
A. How B. What C. Who D. Where
( )9. _________ is it today?
It’s Monday.
A. What date B. What day C. What time D. What language
( )10. ________ shall we go?
In the moring.
A. When B. Who C. Where D. How
( )11. Excuse me ,can you tell me ______ to get to the No. 1 Middle School?
A. where B. which C. why D. how
( )12.____ got the 100th gold metal in the Olympics for China?
- Zhang Yining .
A. Who B. What C. When D. Where
( )13____ are you talking about?
We are talking about the Asia Games in Guangzhou.
A. What B. Where C. Why D. How
( )14.______ do you visit your uncle?
- once a week.
A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How soon
( ) 15. Excuse me! ________ is the nearest bookshop?
Go down the street and turn left at the second corner?
A. how B. what C. where D. who
( ) 16. ______ is a ticker for the film Hacker He?
About forty yuan .
A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How often
( ) 17. —______ are you going? — I’m going to the library.
A. Who B. Which C. What D. Where
( )1 8. ______? It’s eight.
A. What day is it B. What’s five and three
C. How old are you D. What’s your telephone number
( )1 9. ______ shall we meet in the park?
What about half past eight?
A. What B. When C. Where D. Which
( ) 20. ______ a year does your school have sports meetings?
Twice a year.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times
提高题
( )1. ______ are you going to be in the future?
I want to be a person _____ Yang Liwei.
A. How, like B. How, as C. What, like
( )2.______ will your father be back? .
A. How long B. how often C. How soon
( )3. ----________sweater is this?
----I think it’s Peter’s.
A. Who B. What C. Which
( )4. ------_____is the Confucian Temple(孔庙) from here?
------It’s about 10 minuters’ walk.
A. How many B. How long C. How much
( )5. -----______may I keep these book?
-----two weeks.
A. How often B. How far C. How long
( )6. ----______is it from here to Yancheng Railway Station?
----About two kilometers.
A. How often B. How far C. How soon D. What, as D. How wide D. Whose D. How far D. How soon D. How long
( )7. ----_______will the foreign students be back from NanJing.
----In two days, I think .
A. How soon B. How often C. How far D. How fast
( )8. ----____________?
---The one behind the tree.
A. Whose girl B. Who’s that girl C. Which girl D. Where’s the girl
( )9. ______the population of china?
A. How many B. What C. How’s D. What’s
( )10. _______ is she?
A. Whom B. Who C. Which D. When
( )11. ________ is the best, Tom, Jack or Tim?
A. Which B. Who C. Whom D. What
( )12 ._______ milk do you need?
- Three cups.
A. How many B. How much C. What D. Where
( ) 13. —______? —I’ve got a headache and a cough.
A. What’s your trouble? B. What’s wrong with it?
C. Can I help you? D. How are you?
( ) 14. ______ tea did you have?
Two cups.
A. How many B. How much C. How soon D. Which
( )15. ______?
Behind the tree.
A. Whose girl B. Who’s that girl C. Which girl D. Where’s the girl
( )1. ________ the price of the pen?
It’s two yuan.
A. What B. How C. what’s
( )2. Whose room is this?
A. He B. him C. theirs
( )3. Where ______ you just now?
A. was B. are C. do
( )4. Who ________ best in his class?
A. dance B. dancing C. dances
( )5. How many ________ are there?
A. peoples B. people C. sheeps
( )6. Could you tell me, how _______ to the bank?
A. go B. goes C. went
( )7. _______ the weather like?
A. What B. How C. How’s
( )8. How much _______ the pen?
A. does B. are C. is D. What’s D. they D. were D is dance D. meat D. to go D. What’s D. am
( )9. ________ are you going to have dinner tonight?
A. Who B. Where C. When D. What
( )10. ----_________ do you go to Hong Kong?
----sorry , I’ve never been there.
A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How soon 对划线部分提问 _______ _______ your mother _______ to work?
.
______ _______ _______ are there in the sky?
______ _______ _______classes ________?
.
_______ _______ is it today?
________ are the cats _________?
________ ________ _______ would he like?
________ ________ _______they play football?
______ _______ Allan go back to England next month?
9.
_______ _______ he often _______ lunch?
10..
_______ _______ _______you _______ up this morning ?
11.. _______ ________ they _______ when I came in ?
_______ ________ Tom ______ _______?
13. ________ ________ you go to school?
14..
________ ________ ________ he ________ to China?
_____ ______ Ted _____ in the desk? ________ ________ is he? ________ are you? .
________ _______ they ________ dinner yesterday? __________ is she going to ______in the future?
______ _______is it from your home to the school?