初一英语知识点梳理
1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示" 在……中" , " 在……内" 。表示在某个空间范围以内。例如:
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示" 在……上" 。表示在某个物品表面之上。例如:
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
注意:in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on ,否则用in )
E.g.: There is a bird in the tree.
There are many apples on the tree.
3). under表示" 在……下" 。例如:
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示" 在……后面" 。例如:
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示" 在……附近" 。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示" 在……处" 。例如:
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的" 。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
二、句式
1. 陈述句
肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)
b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)
e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.
c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
2 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
3 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please 前多用逗号。
(1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't 于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
4. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个" 存在" 句型,表示" 有" 的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be 动词单复数的确定,看be 后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be 动词形式为is ;当所接主语为复数名词时,be 动词为are ;当be 动词后接两个以上主语时,be 动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为" 某地有某人或某物" 。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be 的后面加上not 。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be 提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't. 没有。
(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语) ?" 某地有多少人或物?" 回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语? How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?差不多 就这些了
名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的" 。一般有以下几种形式:
(1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s" 。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2). 如果复数名词以s 结尾,只加"'" 。例如:
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
(3). 如果复数名词不以s 结尾,仍加"'s" 。例如:
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
(4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily 的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim 的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s" ,而常常用介词of 的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门