论中国古代数学成就及其影响
论中国古代数学成就及其影响
摘要：中国历史久远，而数学历史亦是久矣。真正意义上的中国古代数学体系形成于自西汉至南北朝的三、四百年期间。《算数书》、《周髀算经》、《九章算术》为这一时期的重要成就。中国古代数学在三国及两晋时期侧重于理论研究，其中以赵爽与刘徽为主要代表人物。南北朝是中国古代数学的蓬勃发展时期，计有《孙子算经》、《夏侯阳算经》、《张丘建算经》等算学著作问世。而在这一时期最具代表性和影响力的应该就是祖冲之、祖暅父子。从公元11世纪到14世纪的宋、元时期，是以筹算为主要内容的中国古代数学的鼎盛时期，其表现是这一时期涌现许多杰出的数学家和数学著作。中国古代数学以宋、元数学为最高境界。到了明代，数学的主要成就应该首推珠算的普及。
关键词：古代数学; 重要成就; 影响
Abstract: China’s long history, and mathematical history is also a long lasting. The real China ancient mathematical system formed in the western han dynasty to the southern and northern dynasties three in four hundred, period. The count book “, “weeks thigh is the”, “nine chapters arithmetic” for the period of important achievements. Ancient Chinese mathematics in The Three Kingdoms period of jin and focused on theory study, among them with ZhaoShuang and LiuHui as the main representative character. Is the northern and southern dynasties ancient Chinese mathematics of booming development period, the idea has the grandson is the “, “apfa Yang is the”, “ZhangQiu built is the” and so on the math works to come out. And in this period the most representative and influential should is zu chongzhi, fathers Geng father and son. From the 11 th century to 14 of the century the song and yuan dynasties, is the counsel as the main contents of the ancient Chinese mathematics heyday, its performance is the period emerging many outstanding mathematicians and mathematics books. Ancient Chinese mathematics to song, yuan mathematics for the highest realm. In the Ming dynasty, the main achievement of mathematics should first abacus calculation popularization.
Keywords: ancient mathematical; Important achievement; influence
中国历史久远，而数学历史亦是久矣。数学的发展最早可以追溯到在殷墟出土的甲骨文中有一些是记录数字的文字，包括从一至十，以及百、千、万，最大的数字为三万；而其后司马迁的史记提到大禹治水使用了规、矩、准、绳等作图和测量工具，而且知道“勾三股四弦五”；据说《易经》还包含组合数学与二进制思想。2002年在湖南发掘的秦代古墓中，考古人员发现了距今大约2200多年的九九乘法表，与现代小学生使用的乘法口诀“小九九”十分相似。算筹是中国古代的计算工具，它在春秋时期已经很普遍；使用算筹进行计算称为筹算。中