一般将来时.现在完成时

一般将来时，现在完成时

---寒假

Name: ______________ Date:___________

●Warm-up:

NBA经典英语词汇

Air ball：―三不沾‖，投出的球什么都没碰到。

Assist：助攻(缩写：Ast.)。

Backboard：篮板。注意不是basketboard。

Baseline：底线。球场两端的边界线。

Basket：篮筐。也作ring，还有一种通俗的说法是hoop。

Bench：替补队员。

Block shot：盖帽(缩写：Blk.)。

Bo：发出嘘声(v.)；嘘声(n.)。球迷发泄不满的一种方法。

Bounce pass：击地传球。

Box out：抢篮板球挡人，即抢篮板球时站在对手和篮之间，用身体挡住防守队员的动作。（樱木花道的必杀记之——卡位。）

●lauguage:

一般将来时

1．基本概念: 或状态。

2．一般将来时的形式

★在英国：第一人称 + shall + 动词原形构成 e.g.: I shall go shopping.

第二、三人称 + will + 动词原形构成。 e.g.: They will come here tomorrow.

★在美国：一律用will。

●will 常简略为 'll，并与主语连写在一起，如：I'll，he'll，it'll，we'll，you'll，they'll。

3．一般将来时的用法: 一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用

如： before long 不久 in the future 在将来 in two weeks 在两周后

next week / month / year /summer 下一周/月/ 年/夏天 some day 将来的某一天 soon 很快 this evening 今天晚上 this afternoon 今天下午

tomorrow 明天 the day after tomorrow 后天 next week下周，

from now on从现在开始

4．一般将来时的其他用法

1）―be going to + do‖表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。

e.g.: I

He visit his grandparents next year.

2）go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay 的 动作。

e.g.: I'm leaving for Beijing./ We are meeting him after the performance.

3）come， go， leave， arrive， start， get， stay

e.g.: The meeting starts at five o'clock. 会议五点开始。

He gets off at the next stop. 他下一站下车

4）时间状语从句中：

when, if, after, before, although, as soon as, because, as, even if, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, wherever等连词，以及副词（起连词作用）

e.g.: If it isn’t too much trouble, I’d love a cup of tea.

Once you have drunk that brand of whisky, you will never want to drink any other.

“Will” 和 “be going to” 的区别

在初中阶段―will / shall + 动词原形‖与― be going to + 动词原形‖这两种表示将来时的句型没什么太大的差别。在现在英语中，特别是在口语中，一般更倾向于使用― be going to + 动词原形‖这一句型，但两者主要区别还不在此。

― be going to + 动词原形‖ 表示一个事先考虑好的意图，侧重―打算‖、―计划‖等。 ―will / shall + 动词原形‖ 侧重表示未经事先考虑而将要发生的情况。

边学边练

1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.

A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be

2. Charlie ________ here next month.

A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working

C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work

3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.

A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be

4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.

A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be

5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow?

– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.

A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will

C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be

6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.

A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give

7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?

–________. （不，不要。）

A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please.

8. – Where is the morning paper?

– I ________ if for you at once.

A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get

9. ________ a concert next Saturday?

A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are

10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.

A. have B. will have C. had D. would have

11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.

A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving

12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.

A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote

13. He ________ in three days.

A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back

14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.

A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine

15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?

– No, ________ （不去）.

A. they willn’t. B. they won’t. C. they aren’t. D. they don’t.

现在完成时

1.基本构成：have (has) + done

注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。

2．现在完成时的用法：

（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

通常与时间副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever, recently 等状语连用。 I have never heard of that before. 我从没有听说过这事。

Have you ever ridden a horse? 你骑过马吗？

Have you ever been a teacher? 你当过教师吗?

（2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。 时间状语：

☆ for +时间段, since+时间点/从句,

I have kept the library book for a week. = I have kept the library book since a week ago. ☆ so far, today, this week(month, year) in the last ten years 等。（都是表示一段时间）

What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?

延续性动词

表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。

1. 英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非

延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.

I've left Shanghai for three days. ( × )

I've been away from Shanghai for three days. ( √ ).

I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ )

It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai. ( √ )

2. 常见终止性动词有: leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.

终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法:

⑴. 将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.

e.g.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.

⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词

常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下:

come/go/arrive/get/reach/move----------be in/at open----------be open

die-----------dead close-----------be closed become----------be

borrow-------keep begin/start----------be on put on------------wear

leave----------be away (from) buy-------have fall asleep-------be asleep

end/finish--------be over catch a cold-----------have a cold

join the army----------be in the army be a soldier

join the Party---------be in the Party be a Party member

★ 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, in 1991, three days ago, last time, last night等连用.一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,和现在不发生关系. 现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过

去时相混淆，其区别是：前者强调对现在的影响和结果，后者不强调这个影响和结果，而是强调这个

动作发生的时间是在过去。如：

I've lived here for ten years．我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)

I lived here for ten years．我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)

Has he got up?他起来了吗?(着眼现在情况)

Did you get up very early?你起来很早吗? (着眼动作本身)

I've got no news from him．我没听到他的消息。(不知道他的情况怎样) I got the news from Jim．这消息我是从吉姆那听来的。(单纯谈论动作)

★ It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.

★ It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.

综合练习

一。1．Please tell Joan this good news as soon as she back. A．will come B．comes C．came D．to come

2．If it fine tomorrow, we will have to stay at home.

A．isn’t be B．won’t be C．won’t D．isn’t

3．His father for ten years. A．has died B．has dead C．has been dead D．has been died

4．How long the army? A．has he joined B．has he taken part in

C．has he been in D．has he been to

5．Jim has made many friends since he to China. A．came B．will come C．comes D．has come

6．Is this your new bike? No, I it for one year. A．had C．have bought C．have had D．had bought

7．The living standard of the people in Shanghai in the last ten years.

A．has raised B．has risen C．has been raised D．has been risen

8．—Where is your mother?

—She the supermarket to buy some food. A．went to B．has gone to C．has been to D．had gone to

9．In the past few years great changes in Shanghai. A．there have been B．there have C．there were D．there will be

10．There going to an important meeting tomorrow.

A．is, have B．is, be C．is, have D．is, has

11．I don’t know Mary’s telephone number. Will you please in your address book for me.

A．look up it B．look it up C．look for it D．look it for

12．I didn’t see the film with my classmates last night because I it already.

A．had seen B．have seen C．saw D．will see

13．A little cold , I can finish my work by myself.

A．wasn’t matter much B．isn’t matter much

C．will be not matter much D．won’t matter much

14．—Why is the girl crying?

—She her finger.

A．is cutting B．cuts C．cut D．has cut

15．They all their money, so they have to walk home.

A．had spend B．spend C．have spent D．will spend

二。1. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?

A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go

2. We ________ the work this way next time.

A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing

3. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park.

A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes

C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go

4. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.

A. will watching B. watches

C. is watching D. is going to watch

5. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.

A. shall be B. will be

C. shall going to be D. will going to be

6. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.

A. are having B. are going to have

C. will having D. is going to have

7. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?

A. Will; are B. Will; be

C. Do; be D. Are; be

8. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.

A. will B. is C. will be

9. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?

A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow

C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows

10. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon?

–________ （好的）.

A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please.

11. It ________ the year of the horse next year.

A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be

12. ________ open the window?

A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please

13. – Let’s go out to play football, shall we?

– OK. I ________.

A. will coming B. be going to come C. come

14. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.

A. takes B. will take C. spends

15. The train ________ at 11.

A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to

16．—Do you know him well?

—Sure. We friends since ten years ago.

A．have become B．have been C．have made

Homework D. be D. No, you won’t.D. will is D. Do you D. am coming D. will spend D. is arriving D．were

Name: ______________ Date:___________

17．—These farmers have been to the United States.

—Really? When there?

A．have they gone B．did they go C．will they go D．do they go

18. Do you know when the World Cup next week?

—Next Friday. When it , I’ll ring you.

A．begins; will begin B．will begin; will begin

C．begins; begins D．will begin; begins

19．—May I speak to John?

—Sorry, he Japan. But he in two days.

A．has gone to; wont come back B．has gone to; will come back

C．has been to; would come back D．has been to; will come back

20．I won’t go to the film tonight, because I my ticket.

A．will lost B．have lost C．lost D．didn’t have

21．—What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?

—He a city bus for over twenty-five years.

A．has driven B．drove C．drives D．is driving

22．—Hi, Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party.

—Oh, I ready for the maths exam.

A．got B．was getting C．have got D．am getting

23．Hurry up! The play for ten minutes.

A．had begun B．began C．has been on D．has begun

24．—Excuse me. What did you say you would like to do, Miss White?

—I said I’d better go back to the office. I someone this afternoon.

A．met B．would meet C．am going to meet D．was meeting

25．His sister her hometown for three years. She’ll return next year.

A．has been away B．left

C．has left D．has been away from

26．—you the film yet?

—Yes. I it last Saturday.

A．Have; seen; have seen B．will; see; saw

C．Did; see; saw D．Have; seen; saw

27．—Where do you think he the computer?

—Sorry, I have no idea.

A．/; bought B．did; buy C．does; buy D．has; bought

28．Five years since we began learning English.

A．It was B．They have been

C．It is D．There are

29．Jack his homework yet, so he won’t go out with his friends.

A．has finished B．doesn’t finish C．finishes D．hasn’t finished

30．I’m really getting too fat. From now on, I more exercise and eat less food.

A．have done B．do C．am doing D．will do