牛津高中英语模块一

高中英语模块一Unit1

一、重要单词：

contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v),

event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor,

unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, generation, require, scary,

design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident,

run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.

二.词组：1. a time of hard work 努力工作的时代 2. low-rise buildings 低矮的建筑

3. (be) at ease with … （与某人在一起）自由自在 4. dream school life 理想的校园生活

5. have no experience in doing … 没有„的经验 6. be happy with … 对„很高兴、满意

7. attend assembly / a meeting 参加集会、会议 8. the best way to do 做„的最好方法

9. earn respect from …赢得„的尊敬 10. achieve high grades 取得好的成绩、高分

11. sound like (a good idea) 听起来好像 12. on average 平均

13. used to do … 过去常常（现在不这样了） 14. a bit challenging 有点挑战性

15. spend … (in) doing …/on … 在„上花费„（时间、金钱）

16. at lunchtime 在午餐时间 17. for free 免费的

18. on Monday evenings 在星期一晚上 19. such as …/for example 比如、例如

20. on school field/in the field of … 在操场上、在„领域

21. get a general idea of … 掌握„的大意 22. word by word 逐字逐句地

23. encourage … to do … 鼓励„做„ 24. would like to do … 想、要做„

25. first of all 首先 26. introduce … to … 向„介绍„

27. surf the internet 上网 28. prepare to do … 准备做„

29. have chances to do …有机会做„ 30. (be) available (for …) 可利用的

31. far away (from …) 远离„ 32. make sure that/of …确信、弄清楚

33. on campus 校园里 34. during break time 在休息时间

35. graduate from … 毕业于„ 36. develop an interest in doing … 培养„（方面）的兴趣

37. thank … for one’s kindness 感谢„的仁慈、善良

38. make a speech about/on …做关于„的演讲 39. in this case 在这种情况下

40. leave out … 省略 41. instead of … 代替、而不是

42. pay attention to …注意 43. in short form 以简短的形式

44. compare … and … 比较A与B 45. regret to do (say/tell)… 遗憾、抱歉地说、告知

46. make preparations for …为„做些准备 47. be responsible for … 对„负责

48. do research on …做研究

三、重点词组：

refer to 指 , function as当作„使用, 具有„的功能 , leave out省略 ,

relate to 和„相关 , pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式,

take place发生, make decisions作决定, make comparison作比较, take turns

轮流, follow the outline按照纲要, be responsible for对„负责, consist

of包含,由„构成, come up with想出, base on根据, have it approved by„

征得„的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up签名参加.

【难点讲解】

1. 考点出处：Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable

and exciting experience for me. (P2)

考点提炼：动名词作主语，表示一般或抽象的多次行为,谓语用单数。

Studying English is very important. 学英语很重要。

考点串联：动名词作主语时，常用以下的结构：It’s no use / no good / a waste

of time doing sth. 。如：It’s no use crying for what has been done.为已做过的事

哭泣是于事无补的。

考点例析：Fishing is his favourite hobby, and ________ . （2001 上海）

A. he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too

C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great

pleasure

动词V-ing形式做主语往往表示一般或抽象的多次行为，不定式做主语往往表示具体的或

一次性的动作。

考点纠错：吸烟是一个很难克服的习惯。

误：To smoke is a very difficult habit to give up.

正：Smoking is a very difficult habit to give up.

2. 考点出处：This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China

begin before 8 a.m. （P2）

考点提炼：mean的用法。

考点梳理：mean用做动词，表示“指的是，意思是,意味着”，后常接V-ing或that

引导的从句；当表示“想要，打算”时，后常接动词不定式，相当于want to do sth.。

Missing this bus means waiting for the next one.

I mean to go tomorrow. 我打算明天走。

考点例析：—You should have thanked her before you left．

—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere. （2000

上海春季）

A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so

解析： mean作为“打算，想要„„”，后接动词不定式。另外，本题还考查动词不定式的

省略结构。

考点纠错：你那样说是什么意思？

误：What do you mean to say that? 正：What do you mean by saying that

考点提醒：What do you mean by doing sth.? 你那样做是什么意思？

3. 考点出处：We also had different students in some classes, so it was difficult

to remember all the faces and names. (P2)

考点提炼：句中it是形式主语。

考点梳理：用it作形式主语，it代替不定式、主语从句等。

It’s nice to be with you. 和你在一起真好。

It’s important that we study English. 我们学习英语是重要的。

考点串联：it可指代if或when从句的内容。

I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌人们满嘴含

着食物说话。

考点例析：The Foreign Minister said, “ ________ our hope that the two sides

will work towards peace.” （2004 北京）

A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is

解析：当句子中的主语是动词不定式或从句时，通常将it用做形式主语放在句首而把

真正的主语不定式或从句放在后面。

考点纠错：完成那项工作费了我们两天的时间。

误：That took us two days to finish that work.

正：It took us two days to finish that work.

考点提醒：英语中只有it可作形式主语或形式宾语。

4. Besides, I might be reading the books in your father’s bookcases

instead.

除此之外，我也许会只顾看你爸爸书橱里的书，而不是去做作业。

She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her

homework.

她将会忙着看报纸杂志而不是做作业。

“might be reading”，“will be reading”属于“情态动词＋be+doing” 的结

构，表示对某个时间正在发生的事情的预言、推测或期待。例如：

I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time

he finishes his homework..等他做完家庭作业时，我早就会躺在床上看我喜爱

的足球比赛了。

“instead，instead of +名词（词组）/代词（词组）/doing ”都表示“代替，

而不是„.”

5. The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.

“The+比较级（adj/adv）或含比较级的词组，the+另一个比较级（adj/adv）

或含比较级的词组”, 表示“越„„就越„”。“比较级+比较级”， 表示“越来

越„„”She is more and more beautiful.

4．make常见的动宾搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶、冲咖啡 , make friends交

朋友 , make mistakes犯错误, make trouble惹麻烦, make a suggestion提

建议, make a fire生火, make faces做鬼脸, make a decision做决定, make

comparasions作比较, make a living谋生, make money挣钱 , make a request

提要求, make an application申请。

【语法】定语从句

一.定义

1.定语从句：修饰某一句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行

词后面。被修饰的词称为先行词。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词 The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

先行词 关系代词 定语从句

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系

副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成

分。

二.关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或

者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year

rises one million.

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

1. 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词which/whom引导

(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.

2.关系代词前的介词的选择

Don’t bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. (be afraid

of 害怕)

注意：1. 含有介词的固定动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take c

are of等

(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

2. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each,

few等代词或者数词

(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

四．关系副词引导的定语从句

1. when

I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

2. where

Shanghai is the city where I was born.

3. why

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

注意：1.关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

When=at\in\on\during which Where=at\in\to which Why=for which

(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.

(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he

wanted when he grew up.

(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

2.当先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时，如果在从句中不是作状语时，不可用关系副词引导。

(1)The reason (that/which) he gave for being late is that his mother was ill.

(2)They make me think of the happy days (that/which) we spent together.

(3)Is this factory the one (that/which) they visited the day before yesterday.

五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend

on.

(2) China is a country which has a long history.

非限制性定语从句举例：

(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1) His brother who is now a doctor always to college.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）

(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to

college.

他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）

难点分析

（一）定语从句中的几个特殊的用法

一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few,

all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no,

little, few, much等修饰时

(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) All that can be done has been done.

(3) There is little that I can do for you.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 当先行词被the very, the only ,the same ,the last修饰时

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

二）注意用which不用that的情况

1.在非限制性定语从句中

(1)She made great progress and won a prize, which gave us a

surprise.

2.在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，必须用which.

(1) This is the knife with which John hurt somebody.

3.当关系词后面有插入语时

(1) Here is the ALD which, as I have told you, is a great help to

you.

三）在下列情况下，只许用关系代词who，而不用that:

1.先行词为those, one, ones, anyone, people等时

Those who are from Qingdao come this way.

2.当先行词后有较长的后置定语时，或定语从句被分隔时。

A teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

3.当先行词是用-body或-one构成的不定代词时，关系代词多用who

Is there anybody else who should be invited.

4.当先行词是集体名词时，如果着眼于集体，使用that/which；如果着眼

于个体，则使用who

(1)Our team, which took the second place last year, played better

this year.

(2)Our team, who are all under the age of twenty, will do well

in the final match.

（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况

是：

1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子或

句子的一部分。

(1) He married her, as/which was natural.

(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.

2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可

以切割一个主句.另外，as有“正如„„，正像„„”的意思，后边的谓语动词

多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等；which引导的非限制性定

语从句只能放在主句之后,意为“这一点”。

(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.

(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.

(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.

(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t

believe.

注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which

(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

3. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as

(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.

(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.

注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是

和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同，用that时表示先行词与关系词所指的是同

一物体，而用as则指的是相似但却不是同一物。

(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她

妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

4.当as在从句中作主语时，后面的谓语动词常常使用被动语态，如果从句

中是主动语态，一般多使用which

(1) She has been late again, as was expected.

(2) Tom great progress in Chinese, which made us delighted.

（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常

可以省略。

(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising

【同步练习】

一、 选择填空：

1. His parents wouldn’t let him play with anyone ______ scores was poor.

A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose

2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.

A. it B. which C. this D. that

3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could get

help.

A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

4. The day _______ he chose for his son wedding was a lucky day in the

lunar calendar.

A. when B. where C. that D. who

5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town

____ he grew up as a child.

A. which B. where C. that D. when

6．This monument is all ______ remains of the ancient kingdom.

A. it B. that C. when D. which

7．He mentioned a book the tile of ______ I can’t remember now.

A．who B．which C．this D．what

8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.

A. which price C. the price of which

C. its price D. the price of whose

9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.

A. As B. It C. That D. Which

10. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some

English.

A. this B. which C. that D. same

11. On the wall hangs a picture, _____ color is blue.

A. whose B. of which C. which D. its

12.I still remember the time ______ I first became a college student.

A. what B. which C. that D. when

13. Mr.Ford still talks like the man______ he was ten years ago.

A. that B. where C. which D. there

14.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of

which

二.阅读理解

In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you

study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet

fair-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but

when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend?

I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty and

reliability.

Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to

understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries

to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person’s place, and he tries

to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.

At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults

in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.

Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me.

There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor ,too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.

When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I’ve found a friend!

56. Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend?

A. Understanding. B. Honesty.

C. Reliability. D. A sense of humor.

57. If you have fair-weather friends, _________.

A. they will give you all that they have when you need help

B. you will be refused when you get into trouble

C. you will become rich

D. you can be sure that you get real friends

58. Good friends need to _________.

A. always point out each other’s mistakes

B. be helped with money

C. understand each other’s feelings

D. have money or luck

59. This passage mainly discuss _________.

A. the qualities of a friend

B. where to choose friends

C. how to get along with friends

D. the importance of having a friend