近义动词及词组

2009年高考英语第二轮热点专题复习——动词和动词词组

概述

动词和动词词组的考查是单项填空的重中之重，就2005年高考而言，各省、市试卷涉及动词与动词词组的考题大都占到6—9题之多。主要涉及的考点有：常见动词及动词近义词辨析；及物动词常被误为不及物动词；特定语境中常见动词的基本用法和辨析，如：develop发展——冲洗；meet见面——满足；cover覆盖——涉及等；拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词有：hang(hanged绞死，hung悬挂)；lay(laid, laid)放置；lie(lied, lied)说慌；lie(lay, lain)平卧等。

其中，常见动词及动词近义词辨析是高考动词类的热点问题。

热点1 几个常见的谓语动词

常见动词及其搭配是动词类的热点，非常值得注意。以下归纳几个常见动词，其目的就是要让考生在平时的学习过程中学会不断积累和总结。

1.关于make

（1）make当“做、制造”解时，可跟双宾语，间接宾语用for 引导。如：

He’ll make me a kite.=He’ll make a kite for me.他将给我制作一个风筝。

（2）make通常与一些表示动作的名词连用。如：

① make a study/trip/promise/movement/statement/dive/request/change/fire/demand/

speech/report/face/plan/success/living/difference

②make an explanation/experiment/excuse/effect/apology„to sb

③ make preparations/progress/room„for sb

④ make one’s way/bread tea coffee/up one’s mind/no answer

(3)make作使役动词时,表示 “使„„做某事、使„„成为“，可跟复合结构，其中的宾补可以是： ①形容词：They are trying to make our country beautiful.他们在努力使我们的国家变得美丽。

②名词：I would make you king over the earth.我会使你灰飞烟灭地球之王。

③过去分词：What made him so frightened?什么使他如此害怕？

④省去to 的不定式：The boy made faces just to make the other students laugh.这个男孩做鬼脸只是为了使其他孩子发笑。

注意：make在被动语态中一定要接带to的不定式。如：

No one is ever made to be hero.没有天生的英雄。

[典例1]The regulations were made_____ children after the accidents.

A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. to be protected

解析 B 在句中因为make用的是被动语态，故其后一定要接带to的不定式，作主语补足语。 ⑤构成：make it +adj. +to do sth./that-clause使（做）某事成为„„。

[典例2]The manager, ______it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us ,left the meeting room.(2005•江西卷)

A. who has made B. having made

C. made D. making

解析 B 关于make用法的考查。根据句子结构分析可以判断，主句为：The manager left the meeting room.,中间的部分为分词短语作状语，且动作发生在主句left动作之前，而又并非现在完成时，故排除A。现在分词的完成式先于主句的谓语动词而发生，故选B。

（4）make作“制造、组成”时构成的词组，常使用被动语态。

①成品+be made of +原料（看得出原料）

②成品+be made from+原料（难看或看不出原料）

③原料+be made into+成品

④成品+be made by+执行者\制造者

⑤成品+be made in+地点

⑥物体\组织+be made up of +若干成份

[典例3] The old cottage can be______ temporary(临时的)houses.

A. made into B. made of

C. made by D. made in

解析A 此句句意为：这栋旧别墅可以改装成临时住宅。被动词组be made into符合句意。

（5）make构成的两个常用词组：

①make up(for)弥补，虚构，缝制，化妆，整理等。如：make up jokes编笑话；make up

a poem/a story/a song编诗歌/故事/歌曲。再如：

They hurried on to make up for lost time.

他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。

The boy made up a story; it was not true.

男孩儿编了个故事，这故事不是真的。

She made up her face to look prettier.

她化了妆以便看上去更漂亮些。

[典例4]Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and

______jokes.(2005•江苏卷)

A. turning up B. putting up

C. making up D. showing up

解析C 动词搭配与辨析。turn up 找到，发现，出现；put up 举起，抬起，进行；show up揭露，露出，露面。而make up jokes为“编笑话”，与句意吻合。

②make full/good/the best use of 充分利用。如：

We must make the best use of the fine weather.我们必须充分利用这好天气。

Let’s make use of this opportunity to practice our spoken English.让我们好好地利用这个机会来练习英语口语。

2.关于consider

（1）作“考虑”讲时，可跟名词/代词/从句或跟连接代词/副词+to do或跟动名词连用。如： Have you considered how to get there?你考虑过如何去那里了吗？

He considered going to see them in prison.他考虑去监狱探试他们。

（2）作“认为„„，把„„当作”讲时，consider+宾语+宾补，作宾补的可以是名词/形容词/不定式（不定式完成式）。如：

I consider him to be a fool.我把他当作一个傻子看待。

（3）注意结构：consider it + n/ adj. + to do sth.

I consider it necessary to study English.我认为学英语很有必要。

（4）consider„(as)„表示“把（某人或某物）看作„„”。如：

Most people considered him as a hero.多数人把他看成一个英雄。

[典例5] Many things_____ impossible in the past are common today.

A. considering B. to consider

C. considered D. being considered

解析C 动词consider的非谓语考查形式。剖析其结构：Many things are common today.为主句。considered 是过去分词短语作定语修饰many things, impossible在被动语态中为主语补足语。适用于“consider+宾语+宾补”结构。故选C

3.关于keep

（1）keep用作及物动词，表示“使„„继续处于某种状态”，其后的宾补可以是：

①现在分词 如：Don’t keep your mother waiting.别让你母亲再等。

②过去分词 如：His clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him covered.他的衣服像是刚刚拖起来披盖在自己身上的。

③副词 如：This helps to keep the cold out.这有助于御寒。

④介词短语 如：He kept them in the classroom after school.放学后，他让他们呆在教室里。

⑤形容词 如：The nurses keep her very clean.护士们将她整理得非常整法。

(2)keep作系动词，意为“保持、继续处于某种状态”。如：keep silent/quiet/cool/fit„

(3)keep doing 与keep on doing

①表示“决心、毅力、顽强意志力和强调动作的反复”时，多用keep on doing 。

如：Don’t give up hope, keep on trying.别放弃希望，要不断努力。

②表示持续状态常用keep doing 。如：

We’ve kept hoping to go to college. 我们一直希望上大学。

③keep/keep on一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。

如：常不用keep(on)standing/sitting/beginning/leaving 。

[典例6]Keep ______after meals, then you’ll be in good health.

A. walking B. sleeping C. standing D. sitting

解析 A keep doing的特殊用法。此种结构一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。而sleeping ,standing, sitting都是表示短暂性动作的动词。故选A。

（4）其它搭配

keep back 阻止，落在后面

keep„out (of)使„„在外，不让„„入内

keep away 不接近，避开

keep „from 阻止，抑制，避免于

keep off 让开，不接近

keep up 坚持，继续，保持，（斗争）不低落

keep up with跟上，赶上，不落后于

keep in touch with与„„保持联络

[典例7]We read the newspaper every day to ______the present affairs.

A. keep up B. keep up with

C. catch up with D. keep in touch with

解析 B keep词组考查题。根据句意：我们每天读报是为了跟上当前形势。keep up 坚持；keep up with跟上，赶上；catch up with 赶上，逮捕；keep in touch with 与„„保持联络。只有B项与句意吻合。

4.关于go

（1）go的过去分词形式gone多用作表语，意为“（人）不在了、走了”，“（物）丢了、用完了”，如：The necklace was gone.这条项链丢了。

Liu Mei is already gone.刘梅已经走了。

比较：He is already gone.(强调无目的)

He has gone.(强调有目的、方向)

（2）go 有“„„说的”之意。常用于“the story goes„据说；as the saying goes正如格言所说”。如：As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如格言所说，“有志者，事竟成”。

[典例8]As a Chinese old saying______, “Good fortune lies within bad, bad fortune lies within good.”

A. goes B. say C. is said D. is written

解析 A 与本词条中的含义吻合即用在谚语前表示“„„说的、叫做”。

（3）go为终止性动词，不与表示时间段的状语连用。（见时态和语态专题）

（4）go to常与go to attend意义相同，多与一些表示活动的名词连用。如：

go to college/a meeting/an English party/a concert/a dance/a film/a lecture/a dinner„等。

（5）注意区别：

go on doing sth.继续做同一个动作

go on to do sth.做完一个接着干另一个

go on with sth.同一事件中断后又接着做

He went on speaking of his war experiences.他继续说着他的战争经历。

比较He went on to speak of his war experiences.(=He began speaking of them

after he had finished speaking of something else.)他做完了别的之后，又继续说他的战争经历。

They went on with their work at the empty loom until late into the night.他们在一张空织布机上不停地工作直至深夜。

(6)其它搭配

go to rest/sleep/bed休息/睡觉

go out for a walk/ride/swim/bath/drive„外出散步/骑车/游泳/洗澡/兜风

go shopping/fishing/shooting/swimming/walking„购物/钓鱼/射击/游泳/散步

go about着手做，从事

go ahead 前进，进行

go all out for sth./to do sth.全力以赴

go in for sth.从事于，酷爱，参加

go over仔细检查，润色（文稿），复习

go through经历，经受

go up 上涨

5.关于agree

（1）agree 一般用作不及物动词，因此，其后不能直接带宾语。如其后跟从句，则可作及物动词。可跟不定式，但不跟不定式的复合结构。

（2）区别：

①表示“同意某人的看法”。常说：agree with sb./what sb says。

②表示“适合、合适”。如：

agree with This climate doesn’t agree with me.这里的气候不适合我。

③表示“一致、协调”。如：

The verb must agree with its subject in person and number.动词必须与人称和数保持一致。

agree to 表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”。常可说：

agree to a plan/an arrange ment/a proposal/a decision.

agree on /upon表示“对„„取得一致意见”。如：

They both agreed on the plan,他们两个都同意这个方案。

[典例9] I don’t _____people smoking all day long.

A. agree B. agree to C. agree on D. agree with

解析 B 考查动词agree及词组辨析。agree为不及物动词，不带宾语；agree on/upon表示“对„„取得一致意见”；agree with表示“同意某人的看法”；agree to 表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”，符合句意。

热点2 常见动词近义词辨析

常见动词近义词很多，有必要掌握以下常见词类：

1.关于win, defeat, beat和gain

(1)win作“赢”讲时，其宾语常是：war, battle, game, match, argument, a victory, the prize,100 yuan, a race, honor for, the praise, the first place„等，而不能是表示人的名词。

(2) beat及物动词，后面的宾语是“对手”，表示结果。如：

beat sb. in „在比赛、战斗、争论中击败某人。

beat him at table tennis在乒乓球赛中击败他

(3)defeat sb.在战斗、战争、比赛中击败对手。强调暂时行为。如：

defeat the enemy in the war在战争中击败敌人

(4)gain及物动词，表示“获得、赢得所需之物/利益或好处”。如：

gain experience/wealth/a reputation/the time/the marks/the rank/the prize/one’s respect/success/knowledge/one’s living/happiness/a salary/an honor„。

[典例1]Our basketball team____ theirs by a score of 100:98.

A. won B. defeat C. beat D. gained

解析 C近义词辨析题。根据win不和theirs(their teams)搭配；defeat与sb.连接；gain常有“获得„„”，也不与theirs搭配。只有beat与“（击败的）对手”搭配，强调结果，故选C。

2.关于fit, suit和match

(1)fit作及物动词，表示“适合、配上、合身”。如：

This coat fits her nicely.这件外套非常合适。

The key doesn’t fit the lock,这把钥匙不合这把锁。

（2）作形容词，表示“适合、健康”》常构成be fit for 。如：

He is fit for the job,他适合这份工作。

The water is fit to drink.这水适合喝。

（3）作不及物动词，表示“吻合、合身”。如：

Does the coat fit?这件大衣合身吗？

（4）suit作适合，常强调颜色、款式等适合某人，而fit则强调大小合身。如：

That color doesn’t suit your complexion(肤色)。这颜色不适合你的肤色。

（5）match表示“在（品质、颜色、设计等方面）与„„相配”。如：

Carpets should match the curtains.地毯必须与窗帘区配。

[典例2]The red tie you bought doesn’t ______my coat.

A. fit B. fit for C. suit D. match

解析D 近义词辨析题目。fit作及物动词，表示大小合身；作不及物动词，强调“吻合”；作形容词，则须用be fit for; suit 强调“款式合适”，只有match强调“与„„匹配”。故选D。

3.关于cost, spend, take和pay

(1)从意义上讲，都可表示“花钱”。如：“我花10元钱买衬衣”。这一句话可有四种翻译：

The shirt cost me ten yuan.

I spent ten yuan on the shirt.

It took me ten yuan to buy the shirt.

I paid ten yuan for the shirt.

(2)结构搭配上的不同

①spend的主语只能是人。

常用结构：sb. +spend(s)+time/money on sth./in doing sth.

②cost的主语只能是指事或物的名词、代词或名词性短语。

常用结构：sth. +cost(s)+ sb. +time/money

③take的主语多为指物的名词。

常用结构：It + takes +time/ money +to do sth.

④pay的主语是人，为买某物而付钱。

常用结构：sb. +pay(s)+ money +for sth.

[典例3] I _____the coat in the supermarket for 260yuan.

A. cost B. paid C. pent D. bought

解析 D近义词辨析题。用cost,则主谓搭配不当；用pay，则260 yuan作宾语；用spend,则与for 260 yuan

搭配不当；应选用buy,其用法和搭配均与句意吻合。

4.关于hurt, wound, injure和harm

(1)hurt:表示“肉体或情感上的痛苦，强调疼痛感”。如：

Many people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided.

一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞，许多人受了伤。

（2）wound:表示“由于剑、刀、枪等锐器造成身体上较严重的外伤，特别是在战争中受伤”。如：The soldier was wounded in the arm.这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。

（3）injure:表示“指意外事故或偶发事件造成的伤害”。如：

There were two people injured in the car accident.

有两个人在车祸中受了伤。

（4）harm: 表示“引起疼痛、痛苦或损失，其对象可以是自己，也可以是其他人或物”。如：Our dog won’t harm you.我们的狗不会伤害你的。

Getting up early won’t harm you!早起对你没有坏处。

[典例4]There was an unexpected explosion in our street, but our building wasn’t_____ at all .

A. hurt B. wounded C. harmed D. injured

解析 C 近义词辨析题目。hurt强调“精神或肉体上的疼痛”；wound强调“刀、枪伤”；harm强调“危害、损失”；injure强调“意外伤害”。名意为：我们住的街道发生了一次意外的爆炸事故，但我们的大楼却丝毫没有受损。故用harmed合句意。

重点 1 两种常错常考的可作谓语的动词

1.几组拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词

hang hanged hanged(绞死) lay laid laid(放置)

hang hung hung(悬挂) lie lied lied(说慌)

lie lay lain(平卧)

find found found(发现) fall fell fallen(跌倒)

found founded founded(建立) fell felled felled(砍伐、击倒)

fail failed failed（失败）

[典例1] The carpet where he _____was warm and comfortable, so he slept soundly.

A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D.了had lied

解析 B 易混淆词辨析题。动词lay表示“搁置、放”时，现在分词为laying,过去分词为laid；而lie作“躺”讲时，现在分词为lying,过去分词为lain，如其过去分词为lied,则含义为“撒谎”。此处为“躺的地方”，故用was lying。

2.实为及物动词却常被误为不及物动词

enter(误为enter into) marry(误为marry with)

reach(误为reach to) mention(误为mention about)

serve(误为serve for) address(误为address to)

approach(误为approach with) salute(误为salute to)

fit(误为fit for) benefit (误为benefit to)

[典例2]She ____John to get away from her step-mother.

A. married B. married with C. married to D. was married

解析A此句中的marry表示“嫁给”，为及物动词，可直接带宾语。

重点2 五种基本句型中的动词使用

简单句的五种基本句型，通常与及物动词、不及物动词和系动词密不可分。

1.主语+不及物动词

理解不及物动词在此句型中的常用法：

（1）一般表达型。此类不及物动词常可与表示距离、持续时间、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。如：Boy, can you go any farther? Boy, can you go any farther? 伙计，你还走得动吗？

The smoke from our fire rose straight up in the still air.

我们生的火冒出的烟在无风的空气中袅袅上升。

（2）主动形式表示被动含义型。此类常见的动词或短语有：read, sell wash, write, open, draw, wear, happen, take place, break out ,last ,go out ,run out ,cost, spread等。如：

The tickets to the play sold well。那台戏的戏票很畅销。

The accident happened outside my house.这个事故发生在我家房子的外面。

[典例1]Food and drink are _____,but the men are still cheerful and confident.

A. running out B. going out C. spreading D. happening

解析 A 不及物动词的考查。动词run out表示“被用完”； go out 表示“出去，熄灭”；spread表示“传播”；happen表示“发生”。根据句意：食物和饮料快用光了，但这些人仍旧很愉快和自信。

2.主语+及物动词+宾语

理解及物动词在此句型中带宾语的用法：

(1)及物动词+名词或代词作宾语。如：

He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。

Will you be spending your holiday abroad this year?你今年准备到国外去度假吗？

(2)及物动词+动名词作宾语。此类及物动词或动词短语有：avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off ,insist on ,give up, can’t help, stick to等。如：

I suggested taking a walk.我建议去散步。

You must not give up studying.你不该放弃学习。

(3)及物动词+不定式作宾语。此类及物动词有：afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn,

offer, plan, refuse等。如：

I hope to go to college.我希望上大学。

The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。

（4）既可接动名词又可接动词不定式的动词（见非谓语动词专题之热点）。

3.主语+系动词+表格

系动词在此句型中的用法：be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, run, keep等。

（1）系动词+形容词作表语。如：

That argument sounds reasonable,那个观点听起来有道理。

（2）系动词+名词作表语。如：

Later he became an acrobat.他后来成为一名杂技演员。

（3）系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词作表语。如：

He is near,他在附近。

[典例2]The cooking chicken in the pot ______very good.

A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes

解析 A 系动词考查题。根据The cooking chicken正在煮的的鸡肉，推断出“闻起来很香”，故用smell。其它feel感觉起来；sound听起来；taste尝起来，均不合题意。

4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

（1）用to变换间接宾语的动词：bring, give, hand, offer, show, teach, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, return, tell, allow, lend等。如：

Could you bring me the book?或 Could you bring the book to me ?请你把那本书带给我好吗？

（2）用for变换间接宾语的动词make,buy,choose,cook,find,get,order,paint,sing, spare,fetch等。如：

He bought me a bottle of ink.或He bought a bottle of ink for me .他为我买了一瓶墨水。

（3）用for和to或其它介词变换间接宾语的动词：do, leave, play等。如：

Will you do me a favor?或 Will you do a favor for me ?你能帮我忙吗？

[典例3] Smoking will______harm to you .Please get rid of it.

A. do B. give C. make D. find

解析 A 接双宾语的动词考查题。此句的harm为直接宾语，to you为间接宾语。句意为：吸烟对你有害，请戒掉烟吧。从搭配而言，常说do sb.harm 或do harm to sb。故选A。

5.主语+及物动语+宾语+宾补

（1）接名词作宾补的动词：find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。如： They usually call the baby Dick,他们经常把婴儿的名字称为迪克。

（2）接形容词作宾补的动词：keep, get, lay, drink, push, paint, set, turn, drive, let, call, cut, break, open, hold等。如：

She will make him happy.她将使他幸福。

Please cut the stick short.请把这根棍子砍短点。

（3）接副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词：leave, put ,see, notice, watch, observe等。如：

He left me waiting in the rain.他让我在雨中等。

[典例4] I found _____impossible ______him _____his mind.

A. this, to make; change B. it; to make; to change

C. this; to make; to change D. it; to make; change

解析D 及物动词及宾语补足语考查题。根据句子结构分析法可以判断：第一空为形式宾语it，第二空为真正的动词不定式作宾语，第三空为使役动词make后省去to的宾补change。故选D

难点 动词词组的使用与辨析

动词词组的使用和辨析是动词考点中的重点也是难点，考查形式涉及多项选择题中的语法和 和词汇知识题、多项选择式完形填空题、短文改错题多种题型。

[典例1]Kathy _____a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.

A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up

解析 A动词词组辨析题。pick up 获得，学到，捡起，使恢复精神；take up开始从事，吸收；make up弥补，虚构；turn up找到，出现。根据句意：凯西通过与当地孩子们玩耍而学到了不少西班牙语。故选A。

[典例2]Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______most of her day.(2004•广东卷)

A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up

解析 A考查动词词组的辨析。海伦总是帮助她的母亲，即使上学占用了她一天中的大部分时间。四个短语的意思分别为：take up占据，填满；make up形成，构成或组成某物；save up储存，储蓄；put up 张贴（海报、通告等），提出（意见）供讨论。根据句意判断take up 合题意。

[典例3] You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _____the books when you’ve finished them.(2004•全国卷Ⅰ)

A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off

解析 C 考查动词词组的辨析。此句句意为：你可以从书架上随便拿书去读，但是读完以后请把书放回原处put on 穿上，伪装；put down写下，平定；put off 推迟，搪寒；只有put back放回原处合句意。

[典例4]His mother had thought is would be good for his character to_____from home and earn some money on his own.(2002•北京卷)

A. run away B take away C.keep away D.get away

解析 D 考查动词词组的辨析。四个选项都符合语法要求，再看本句句意：他母亲原本认为他离开家自己赚钱对锻炼他的性格有好处。get away from home的意思正是“离开家”。

小试牛刀

1. Every minute should_______to work for the motherland.

A. make use of B. be made of

C. be made use of D. make of

2. The first color TV set was considered by most people________this century.

A. having been invented it B. one of whom invented

C. who had invented it D.to have been invented

3.In face of failure for the moment ,it’s the most important to_____a good state of mind.

A. keep on B. keep at C. keep up D. keep out

4.After the five ,very little of the house _______standing .

A. remained B. kept C. rested D. left

5.We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it _______very well.

A.worked out B.tried out C.went D.carried on

6. Alice ,______careful with your pronunciation.

A. is B.do be B.does be D.do

7.The teacher asks the students to talk in English out of class just as they______in class.

A. are B.were C.do D. did

8. In a way I can see what you mean, even though I don’t______ your point of view.

A. permit B.share C. agree D. recognize

9.They ______us by two to one in the game yesterday.

A. beat B. defeat C. gained D. won

10.— This doesn’t______me. Do you have a larger one?

—Sorry, but the color is different. Does it ______you?

A. fit; suit B. suit; fit C. fit; fit D. suit; suit

11.It was the man______ on the bed with his eyes open who_____the book open on the desk just now.

A. lain; lay B.lying ;laid C.lay; lay D.lying ;lied

12. People in the west ______it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.

A.make B.have C.do D.change

13.More and more people are willing to______part of their incomes to the school children in the poverty areas.

A.give in B.give away C.give out D.give up

14.Their water supply has been_______ because of the earthquake.

A.cut out B.cut off C.cut down D.cut away

15.He_______the book and decided that he wouldn’t buy it.

A. looked into B.looked on C.looked after D.looked through

[答案与解析]

1. C 考查make词组搭配题。根据句意：为祖国工作，应当充分利用分分秒秒。应考虑表示“利用”的make use of ,与表示“时间”的every minute之间存在动宾关系，因此，make use of 须用被动形式。故选C。

2.D动词consider 的非谓语考查形式。符合“consider+宾语+宾补”结构，根据句意判断此句的宾补在consider之前已经发生，故用不定式的完成式。

3. C keep词组考查题。keep on 继续，保持；keep at 坚持做，不放弃；keep up 保持（良好状态），坚持；keep out 关在门外，不准入内。只有C项合题意。

4 A 涉及keep 的用法题。由于standing表示静止状态，故不可用kept standing ,又rested,left与standing 在搭配和含义上有错误，故选remained standing ,相当于过去进行时。

5.C go进展，进行；work out 结果是；try out 考验，提炼；carry on 继续开展；it 指代our art exhibition,but的转折语气说明它进展得很好，C项合句意。

6.B do表示强调。用在祈使句中，置于be careful之前，可理解为“务必”。

7. C 考查替代词do 的用法。主句的谓语动词为asks,从句的替代词应为do。

8. B 考查近义词辨析。share 为及物动词表“分享”，可带宾语your point of view。而agree为不及物动词，不可带宾语。其它两项意思不符题意。

9. A 近义词的辨析题。强调以 “by two to one”的结果“击败对手”。故用beat。

10. A 近义词辨析题。fit 作及物动词，常跟人，表示大小适合某人；作不及物动词，强调“吻合”；作形容词，则须用be fit for结构搭配；suit强调“款式合适”。根据句意，选A。

11.B 易混词考查。根据句子结构分析可知，这是一个强调句。强调作主语的the man,其后的lying on the bed with his eyes open在句中作定语修饰the man.

12. A 考查接宾语和宾补的动词。根据句子结构分析：此处的it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式短语to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends。常用下列句式：动词+it +n/adj.（宾补）+（for sb.）+不定式（真正的宾语）。

13 B 考查动词词组的辨析。give away赠送，分送；give in 屈服，投降；give out 用完，用尽；give up 放弃。

14 B 考查动词词组的辨析。cut off (被迫)切断，断绝，合句意。而cut out(主动)切掉；cut down砍倒；cut away切掉/离，均为干扰项。

15 D 考查动词词组的辨析。look through 浏览；look into调查；look on 旁观；look after照顾。

自我检测

1. The teacher has a peculiar way of ______her student’s nervousness when then speak English.

A. breaking down B. going over C. taking off D. giving away

2. In the cross-lake swimming race, a boat will be ____in case of an emergency.

A. standing by B. turning on C. getting on D. running on

3. You _____only half the price ,how would the seller sell the jacket to you ?

A. spent B. paid C. charged D. offered

4. He _____the problem _____in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it.

A. switched; on B. kicked; up C. turned; over D. took; on

5. At times the balance in nature is ______ , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.

A. troubled B. confused C. disturbed D. puzzled

6. — So, how is your new roommate ?

— She really ____. She always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her , she always makes rude remarks.

A. turns me over B. turns me down C. turns me off D. turns me out

7. People have planted a great many trees in order to ____wind and sand in the desert.

A. hold down B. hold up C. hold back D. hold out

8. — Would you like to go to Paris with us next year ?

— I’d like to, but my mother ______ that I am too young.

A. is against B. opposes C. objects D. explains

9. There’s no bear left and the pubs are shut so you’ll have to _______.

A. go out B. go off C. go without D. go through

10. The film “World without thieves” ______ a great success and brought in a large profit to the cinema.

A. appreciated B. enjoyed C. won D. seized

11. Dressed untidily and speaking in a strange way, Father must have ______ to the people present to be a silly

old man.

A. appeared B. pretended C. shown D. thought

12. Thomas Alva Edison didn’t “invent” the light bulb (灯泡), but rather he ______ a 50 –year –old idea, which is not well –known.

A. improved upon B. take down C. put up D. break away

13. You’d better ______ some hot water into the bottle in case the teacools down.

A. add B. fill C. fill in D. put

14. After retirement, Mr. Smith ______ painting, which he had always loved but had not had time for.

A. took up B. got up C. help up D. looked up

15. She tried hard to keep calm in face of the students, but the sweat on her forehead _____ her ____.

A. gave; away B. tuned; down C. showed; out D. shut; off

答案与解析

1、A 句意：这位老师有一种疏导学生在说英语时产生的紧张情绪的独特方法。 Break down :to separate something such as an idea or statement into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with .go over 复习； take off脱下，起飞；give away分发，赠给，泄露（秘密）。

2、A 句意：有船只严阵以待，预防紧急情况。stand by 为不及物短语：to wait and be ready for action if needed 准备行动；待机；turn on 打开；get on进展；run down撞倒。根据句意，B 、C、D 三项均不符合。

3、D句意：你仅出半价，店员怎么会把这件夹克卖给你呢？offer: to say that you will pay a particular amount of money to buy something 出价六万英镑买这所房子。 Charge(收费)不符合题意。抚讲价（offer）而后才能药费（spend）或支付（pay）帮A、B两项不合常理。

4、C句意：在采取措施之前，他在脑中将这个问题反复思考了一个星期。turn over :to think about carefully仔细考虑；switch on把开关打开；kick up引起；take on呈现、雇用、承担。

5、C trouble主要指遇上难解决的问题而使人苦恼、忧虑；puzzled 指人是困惑的，因此将A、D两项排除；根据句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混乱的（confused）,而不受到了人为的干扰（disturbed）,才会导致不可预见的影响。因此选择C项。

6、C turn sb.over :把„„移交，把„„交给；turn sb. down:拒绝；turn sb.off :使对（某人）感到厌烦、使不感兴趣；turn sb.out:驱逐，赶走。根据句意“她总是在午夜弄出很大的响声，我提醒她时，她还总是说些粗鲁的话”，由此可知她是使我烦透了，选择C项。

7、C hold down压制，限制；hold up推迟，耽搁；hold back阻挡，抑制；hold out提供，提出。句意：人们种了大量的树，为了阴挡风和沙尘。由此可知答案为C项。

8、C前三项意思相同，都可以表示“反对（做）、某事”：be against(doing)sth.:oppose(doing) sth.; object to(doing) sth.。但是objiet还可接宾语从句，这时它为及物动词，意思为“提出异议”。前一句邀请对方一起去Paris，答话人说他很愿意去，但是妈妈提出异议说他年龄太小。D项explain虽然也可执着that 从句，但是它的含义为“解释”不能明确地说明妈妈的态度是赞成还是反对。

9、C go out外出，熄灭；go off爆炸，中断；go through通过，完成，经历；go without忍受某事物的缺乏。句意：啤酒卖完了，酒吧也都关门了，所以你只好将就一下了。

10、B易误选C，win 指赢得了比赛、奖励、胜利等，不可以与a great success 连用。Enjoy享有，如：He enjoys a reputation for honesty. 本题中的enjoy a great success 意为 win large sales。句意：《天下无贼》一举成功，同时也给电影院带来了巨大的盈利。

11、A 句意：父亲衣冠不整，谈吐怪异，在在场者眼中，父亲想必显得是一个傻老人的形象。解题的关键在于是否能将to the people present(present“在场的”，作后置定语修饰the people)准确地分离出来。

12、A句意：鲜为人知是的，爱迪生并没有发明灯炮，而是在其50年前的发明上改进了电灯泡（把灯丝寿命延长到13.5小时）。Improve on/upon超过，改进；take down把„„拆卸开；put up张贴，搭建；

break away摆脱。

13、D句意：你最好往瓶子里倒些热水，以免茶变凉。比较下列句子：You’d better put some hot water into the bottle. You’d better add some hot water to the cold water .You’d better fill the bottle with some hot water.

14、A句意：退休后，史密斯先生开始绘画了，这是他从前喜爱，却又没有时间做的事情。take up: begin to spend time doing开始花时间从事（某项活动）；get up起床，起立;hold up推迟；look up查找、改善。

15、A 句意：她努力地试图在学生面前保持镇定，但是她前额的汗水使她露了马脚。Give away: reveal露出了马脚；turn sb .down 拒绝；show sb.out带某人出去；shut sb.off使隔绝。