半人马座阿尔法之星的翻译考核
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Earth: Approximately 4.37 light-years
Description: Alpha Centauri, the brightest "star" in the constellation of Centaurus, when seen through a telescope, is, in fact, three stars orbiting around one another. This triple star system consists of two Sun-like stars, Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B, and a red dwarf, Alpha Centauri C.
Bodies
The three gas giant planets orbiting Alpha Centauri B were
discovered by terrestrial observatories. The five rocky planets were found two decades later. Since the arrangement of the planets resembled our own solar system, they were named for their
counterparts: Vulcan (inside Mercury's orbit), Hermes (Mercury), Aphrodite (Venus), Gaea (Earth), Ares (Mars), Zeus (Jupiter), Cronus (Saturn), and Poseidon (chosen instead of another name for Uranus, because it occupies the equivalent of Neptune's orbit).
The three gas giants in the system orbited far enough from ACB to be perturbed by its companion star, so their orbits were chaotic and varied wildly. Given these perturbations, there was speculation regarding the possibility of a collision between Cronus and Poseidon in the next century. Indeed, if any satellites had ever formed around these gas giants in the past, they had long ago been ejected, or drawn into the planet.
The three gas giants around ACA were not found until after the
co-orbiting synchronized telescopic interferometer network (COSTIN) went into full operation. Upon their discovery they were named Oceanus, Coeus, and Crius.
Alpha Centauri is a trinary star system, and Earth's closest stellar neighbor outside the solar
system.
Its largest member, Alpha Centauri A (or "ACA" to astronomers), is about twenty-percent larger than our Sun, but otherwise very similar. ACA would be
unremarkable were it not for the fact that it serves as the sun for 潘多拉, a large moon that orbits the planet Polyphemus. It was on 潘多拉 that explorers encountered the Na'vi, the only
intelligent species yet discovered in outer space. 潘多拉 is also the only known source of unobtanium, a high-temperature superconductor essential for many of Earth's
technologies.
Alpha Centauri B (ACB) is about fifteen percent smaller than our Sun, and noticeably orange because it is 500 °K cooler than its neighboring star. Alpha Centauri C
(ACC) is a red dwarf, only twenty percent of the size of the Sun and less than half its temperature. ACC gives off only a dim red glow instead of the bright yellow glare of the Sun and ACA.
value=
equals about 93,000,000 miles, the average distance of the Earth from the Sun.). Alpha Centauri C (also called "Proxima Centauri" because it is the closest of the three stars to Earth) is about 0.15 light-years closer.
Orbital
Elements
Alpha Centauri A and B have a highly elliptical orbit (e = 0.52) about their common center of mass, with their separation ranging from 11.2 to 35.6 AU; it takes slightly less than eighty years for them to complete one revolution. Recent periastrons (point of closest approach) were in 1955, 2035, 2115, and the next one will occur in 2195. Alpha Centauri C, located more than 10,000 AU away from ACA and ACB, is very weakly bound to them by gravity and takes approximately a million years to orbit the two larger stars. It is possible that
perturbations by the next closer stars may eventually disrupt ACC's orbit, and free it to wander by itself.
4.37 light-years
Star Classification: G1
V
Description: Alpha Centauri A (or "ACA"), the brightest of the three stars comprising the Alpha Centaurus System, is similar to Earth's Sun, although it is roughly twenty percent larger. There are five planets revolving around the star,
including the gas giant Polyphemus. Since Polyphemus's orbit is about twenty percent larger than Earth's, Alpha Centauri A appears almost identical to the Sun as seen from the
Earth.
Notes: The planets orbiting ACA were not discovered
until late in the 21st century. Home system of 潘多拉, (a moon of Polyphemus) and the Na'vi.
V
Description: Alpha Centauri B (or "ACB"), the second brightest of the three stars that comprise Alpha Centaurus, is smaller and cooler than Earth's Sun. It is visible in 潘多拉's daytime sky for roughly one-half of the Polyphemus year. It is visible in the night sky for most of the other half of the year.
Notes: The star's light is noticeably orange.
Polyphemus, it has much more in common with Earth than with our Moon. Fairly similar in size, atmosphere, and appearance, it has continents and islands surrounded by seas of a familiar blue
hue. Clouds range in color from fluffy white to towering dark thunderheads. The landforms have mountains, valleys, plains, lakes, and rivers. Plant life is everywhere: forests and meadows cover much of the land, and rafts of floating seaweed dot the oceans. Vast herds of grazing animals roam the open prairie and huge flying creatures fill the skies.
But 潘多拉 is not Earth, and its paradise is deceiving. The nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere is much denser than our own. It contains so much carbon dioxide (about 19%) that humans who breathe it directly will rapidly become unconscious and die. Another toxic gas, hydrogen sulfide, is spewed out by hundreds of continually erupting volcanoes that riddle the moon.
The lush plant life often
contains chemicals that render it unfit for human food. Many of the species have poisonous thorns, or pods that burst and spray acid sap.
The animal life is also dangerous to humans. Thickly-armored hammerheads are unstoppable with standard-issue 突击步枪s. Flying
ikran, or "banshees," swoop down to snatch the unwary. Many
smaller animals and insects, like the stingbat and hellfire wasp, have extremely potent venom. The native inhabitants are fierce warriors, and humans underestimate Na'vi capabilities at their own peril.
Yet 潘多拉 has a beauty unsurpassed by anything on Earth. On the rare completely dark nights, every living thing blazes with phosphorescence of rainbow hues – a flashing, flickering phantasmagoria of images that can quickly hypnotize a newcomer. On a spiritual level, there is a strange harmony that pervades all Pandoran life. The few humans who embrace it experience a peace they have never known
before.
Discovery
When astronomers turned a powerful space-based telescope toward the Alpha Centauri system and one of its planets, Polyphemus, they were stunned to find a moon that had an atmosphere with the spectroscopic signature of free oxygen, in a concentration almost equal to Earth's.
Given the
presence of oxygen, scientists believed that the moon could harbor life. Even more intriguing was the splitting of spectographic lines that indicated the presense of intense magnetic fields, far
stronger than any known outside of a star's interior.
This spurred the construction of even larger space telescopes. They revealed 潘多拉 to be a verdant earth-like world in the solar system nearest to our own. A subsequent unmanned mission led to the discovery of a world
teeming with plants, animals and geological oddities.
The research also discovered the source of the intense magnetic fields, a substance that had the remarkable property of
high-temperature superconductivity. It was this substance, later named 'unobtanium,' that made it financially feasible to launch the manned exploration of 潘多拉.
But it was the
image of the Na'vi that empowered the world to come together to launch the first manned mission to another star system.
Cycle
潘多拉 receives significant light from Alpha Centauri B (ACB). Because of this, for half the Polyphemian year its nights are never dark, but instead are more like Earthly dusk. At the closest point in its orbit, ACB is about 2,300 times as bright as Earth's full moon; at its farthest, it is still one hundred and seventy times as bright. During the other half of the year, when ACB is in the daytime sky, many Pandoran nights are illuminated both by
Polyphemus's huge disk and reflected light from other nearby moons. Truly dark nights are
uncommon. Polyphemus occasionally eclipses ACB at night for about one hundred minutes, but the light reflected by the planet still keeps the night from being dark.
When ACB
shares the daytime sky with ACA, at its closest it adds about half a percent to the total illumination.
When the two stars are close together in the sky, the effect of ACB's more orange light in
unnoticeable, but as they separate over the years, an orange tint may be seen in areas shadowed from ACA's direct illumination. At its most distant, ACB is about 2,700 times dimmer than ACA and does not produce noticeable lighting effects. However, it still appears as a blindingly-bright tiny orange disk in the sky.
Because of its high axial tilt (29°), 潘多拉 exhibits considerable annual variation in the day-to-night ratio. In addition, its elliptical orbit produces seasonal temperature variations and a range in daytime illumination of about ten
percent.
Magnetic Fields
潘多拉 possesses a liquid iron core, with circulating currents that produce a dipole field similar to the Earth's. This field shields the surface from cosmic rays or material ejected from Alpha Centauri A. But unlike Earth, the intense magnetic fields associated with 潘多拉's unobtanium deposits produce
localized distortions to the worldwide field that can act as magnetic funnels. These anomalies can channel incoming particles ejected from the sun to the moon's surface. Any life form unlucky enough to be caught in one of these areas during a stellar flare event or C.M.E. (Coronal Mass Ejection) will be quickly irradiated with a lethal dose. Depending on the type and amount of radiation, death can occur instantly as brain tissue is ionized and effectively "shorts out," or be delayed for agonizing days or weeks as dehydration and loss of electrolytes caused by intractable vomiting and diarrhea takes its toll, and blood begins to seep from mucus membranes.
潘多拉's global field also interacts with Polyphemus's much more
extensive one. This can divert radiation trapped in the planet's magnetic field to the moon's surface – also with unpleasant results. At certain times, a particular configuration of the two fields can cause a magnetic flux tube to form, linking the polar areas of the planet and satellite with an
electrical current flow of millions of amperes. This causes a gigantic increase in electrical activity on both bodies, with massive lightning storms and other electromagnetic phenomena.
Description
潘多拉's diameter is three-quarters of the Earth's. Its mass is about half of Earth's and its surface gravity about twenty percent less. The unusually high
concentrations of carbon dioxide and xenon in the air make it twenty percent denser than Earth's atmosphere. 潘多拉 was able to retain such a deep atmosphere in spite of its small size because it orbits between Polyphemus's two radiation belts, and they serve to deflect much of the "stellar wind" which normally sweeps atoms away from the outer edge of the
atmosphere.
Internal Structure
潘多拉's physical construction resembles Earth's: a liquid iron core, a plastic mantle, and a semi-rigid crust. Like Earth, it has two internal heat sources: the disintegration of radioactive isotopes, and energy from the gravitational collapse of its initial formation. But there is an additional and much larger energy input from tidal forces; the nearest inner and outer moons pull on it in contest with
Polyphemus.
This excess of energy drives continental drift at a much faster rate than Earth, causing the tectonic plates to fracture more extensively because of the increased stress. This explains the lack of large continents on 潘多拉, as well as its volcanism and geothermal
activity.
Surface Features
潘多拉's land-to-water ratio is greater than Earth's. But because the land area is broken up into a larger number of smaller continents, no land area is as far from the ocean as on Earth. The moderating influence of oceans reduces extremes in temperature; there are no deserts on 潘多拉. Polar ice caps that are smaller than Earth's exist, but because there are no land masses in the polar areas, the Pandoran ice caps
are currently free-floating.
As mentioned, 潘多拉 is more volcanically active than Earth. There are vents both on the land and under the oceans. Many of the mountains and other surface features are of recent volcanic origin. Numerous hot springs and geysers dot the landscape, and there are several rivers that are almost boiling at the place where they erupt from underground aquifers. All of these serve to maintain the local concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas that are deadly to unprotected humans.
Landforms are shaped extensively by the higher density atmosphere – dust grains carried by the wind are larger, and strike objects with greater energy. Exposed rock weathers more rapidly, creating more sedimentary material to be carried away by rivers.