神经病学常用医学名词一
神经病学常用医学名词
A
absence seizure :失神发作 acalculia :失算[症]
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis :急性播散性脑脊髓炎
adiadochokinesia :轮替动作不能 Adie syndrome : 埃迪综合征
adrenoleukodystrophy : 肾上腺脑白质营养不良
adversive seizure :旋转性发作 ageusia :味觉缺失
agnosia :失认[症] agraphia :失写[症]
akinesia :运动不能 akinetic mutism:运动不能性缄默[症] akinetic seizure :无动性发作 Alexander disease :亚历山大病
alexia :失读[症] allochesthesia :感觉定位不能
allochiria :感觉定侧不能 Alpers disease :阿尔珀斯病
Alstrom —Hallgren syndrome : 阿尔斯特伦—海尔格伦综合征
alternate hemiplegia :交替性瘫痪 Alzheimer disease : 阿尔茨海默病
amnesia : 遗忘[症] amusia :失乐感[症]
amyotonia :肌张力缺失
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis :肌萎缩侧索硬化
amyotrophy :肌萎缩 analgesia :痛觉缺失
anarthria :构音不全 anesthesia :感觉缺失
anesthesia dolorosa :痛性感觉缺失 ankle clonus :踝阵挛
anosognosia :病感失认[症]
anterior cross bulbar syndrome :延髓前交叉综合征
anterograde amnesia : 顺行性遗忘 Anton syndrome : 安东综合征
apathetic dementia :淡漠性痴呆 Apert syndrome : 阿佩尔综合征
aphasia : 失语[症] apraxia :失用[症]
aprosody :失语韵[症] arachnoiditis :蛛网膜炎
areflexia :反射消失
Arnold —Chiari malformation : 阿诺德—基亚里畸形
arrhigosis :冷觉缺失 ascending myelitis :上升性脊髓炎
associated movement :联合运动 astasia abasia :站立行走不能
astatic seizure :起立不能发作 asterixis :扑翼样震颤
asynergia :协同动作不能 ataxia :共济失调
ataxic gait :共济失调步态 athetosis :手足徐动症
atonia :张力缺失 atonic seizure :失张力发作
atopognosia :位置失认[症] atypical absence seizure :非典型失神发作
auditory agnosia :听觉失认[症]
auditory evoked potential , AEP : 听觉诱发电位
aura :先兆 auriculo —temporal syndrome :耳颞综合征
automatism:自动症 autotopagnosia :自身部位失认[症]
Avellis syndrome : 阿韦利斯综合征
B
Babinski sign : 巴宾斯基征
Babinski —Nageotte syndrome : 巴宾斯基—纳若特综合征
background activity :背景活动
Bailey —Cushing syndrome :贝利—库欣综合征
Balint syndrome :巴林特综合征 ballism:投掷症
Balo disease :巴洛病, 又称“同心圆性硬化”(concentric sclerosis)
baragnosis :重量失认[症]
Barr épyramidal sign : 巴雷锥体束征 Bechterew sign : 别赫捷列夫征
Becker muscular dystrophy : 贝克肌营养不良
Beevor sign :比弗征 Benedikt syndrome : 贝内迪克特综合征 Bielschowsky —Jansky disease :比—扬病
Binswanger disease :宾斯旺格病, 又称“进行性白质脑病”
Bornholm disease : 博恩霍尔姆病 bradykinesia :运动徐缓
bradylalia :言语徐缓 brain death : 脑死亡
brainstem auditory evoked potential ,BAEP :脑干听觉诱发电位
Brown —S équard syndrome :布朗—塞卡尔综合征
Brudzinski sign :布鲁津斯基征 Bruns syndrome :布伦斯综合征
bulbar paralysis , bulbar palsy:延髓性麻痹 burst suppression :爆发抑制
C
Caisson disease :凯松病 carnitine deficiency :肉[毒]碱缺乏病 carpal tunnel syndrome :腕管综合征 carpopedal spasm:腕足痉挛
cataplexy :猝倒[症] central core disease :中央轴空病
central pontine myelinolysis :脑桥中央髓鞘溶解 cerebral embolism:脑栓塞
cerebral hemorrhage :脑出血 cerebral infarction :脑梗死
cerebral ischemia :脑缺血 cerebral malacia :脑软化
cerebral palsy :大脑性瘫痪 cerebral thrombosis :脑血栓形成
cervical rigidity :颈强直 Chaddock sign :查多克征
Charcot2Marie2Tooth disease :夏科—马里—图思病
chondrodystrophic myotonia :软骨营养不良性肌强直
chorea :舞蹈症 choreoathetosis :舞蹈徐动症
Claude syndrome :克洛德综合征 clonic seizure :阵挛发作
clonus :阵挛 cluster headache :丛集性头痛 coaxial needle electrode :同轴针电极
cognitive event related potential :认知性事件相关电位
cogwheel rigidity :齿轮样强直
Collet —Sicard syndrome : 科莱—西卡尔综合征
coma :昏迷 complete stroke :完全性[脑]卒中
complex partial seizure :复杂部分发作
congenital amyotonia :先天性肌张力缺失
congenital myotonia :先天性肌强直 conjugate deviation :同向偏斜 constructional apraxia :结构性失用[症]
contingent negative variation :伴随负电位, 又称“伴随负变化”
convergence spasm:辐辏痉挛 convulsion :惊厥
corrdination synkinesia :协调性联带运动
cough syncope , tussive syncope :咳嗽晕厥
cramp :痛性痉挛
Creutzfeldt2Jakob disease :克罗伊茨费尔特--雅各布病, 又称“痉挛性假性硬化”
crossed paralysis :交叉性瘫痪
cubital tunnel syndrome :肘管综合征
D
Dandy2Walker syndrome :丹迪2沃克综合征
decorticate rigidity :去皮质强直 decrement response :递减反应 Dejerine2Klumpke syndrome : 德热里纳2克隆普克综合征
Dejerine2Roussy syndrome :德热里纳2鲁西综合征
Dejerine2Sottas disease :德热里纳2索塔斯 dementia :痴呆
dementia agitata :激越性痴呆 demyelination :脱髓鞘
denervation potential :去神经电位 depth electroencephalogram:深部脑电图
depth electroencephalography :深部脑电图学
diencephalosis :间脑病 diplegia :双侧瘫痪
distal latency :远端潜伏期 dizziness :头晕
drop attack :跌倒发作 drunken gait :酒醉步态
Duchenne muscular dystrophy : 迪谢内肌营养不良
Duchenne —Erb syndrome :迪谢内—埃尔布综合征 dysarthria :构音困难
dysarthria2clumsy hand syndrome :构音困难手笨拙综合征
dysdiadochokinesia :轮替运动困难 dysesthesia :感觉迟钝
dysgeusia :味觉障碍 dysgraphia :书写困难
dyskinesia :运动障碍 dyslalia : 言语困难
dyslexia :诵读困难 dysmetria :辨距困难
dysmyotonia :肌张力障碍 dyspraxia :运用障碍
dyssynergia :协同动作障碍 dystonia :张力失常
dystonia musculorum deformans : 畸形性肌张力障碍
E
electrocorticogram:脑皮层电图 electrocorticography :脑皮层电图学 electroencephalogram:脑电图 electroencephalography :脑电图学
electromyelography :脊髓电图学 electromyogram:肌电图
electromyography , EMG:肌电图学 electroneurography :神经电图学
electrothalamogram:丘脑电图 encephalitis :脑炎
encephalomyelitis :脑脊髓炎 encephalopathy :脑病
end plate noise :终板噪声 end plate potential :终板电位
ependymitis :室管膜炎 epilepsy :癫痫
epileptic seizure :癫痫发作 epileptiform pattern :癫痫样波型
essential tremor :特发性震颤 event related potential , ERP:事件相关电位
F
facial tic :面肌抽搐, 又称“面肌痉挛” fasciculation :肌束震颤
Fazio —Londe syndrome : 法齐奥—隆德综合征 fecal incontinence :大便失禁
festination :慌张步态fibrillation :肌纤维震颤
flaccid hemiplegia :松弛性偏瘫 flaccid paralysis :松弛性瘫痪
flash visual evoked potential :闪光视觉诱发电位
focal epilepsy :局限型癫痫 Foville syndrome :福维尔综合征 Friedreich ataxia :弗里德赖希共济失调 F —wave :F 波
神经病学常用医学名词(四)
G
Garcin syndrome :加桑综合征 gaze paralysis :凝视瘫痪
generalized epilepsy :全身型癫痫 generalized seizure :全身发作
Gerstmann syndrome :格斯特曼综合征 giant cell arteritis :巨细胞动脉炎 giant motor unit action potential :巨大运动单位动作电位
global amnesia , total amnesia : 完全性遗忘 Gordon sign :戈登征
grand mal :大发作graphanesthesia :皮肤书写觉缺失
Guillain —Barr ésyndrome :吉兰—巴雷综合征
H
H reflex :H反射
Hallervorden —Spatz disease : 哈勒沃登—施帕茨病
headache :头痛 hemianesthesia :偏侧感觉缺失
hemiatrophy :偏侧萎缩 hemiballismus :偏侧投掷症
hemichorea :偏侧舞蹈症 hemifacial spasm:偏侧面肌痉挛 hemihypertrophy :偏侧肥大 hemiparesis :轻偏瘫
hemiplegia :偏瘫 hemiplegic gait :偏瘫步态
hereditary cerebellar ataxia :遗传性小脑共济失调
Hoffmann sign :霍夫曼征 Horner syndrome :霍纳综合征
Hunt disease : 亨特病 Huntington disease :亨廷顿病
hypalgesia :痛觉减退 hyperalgesia :痛觉过敏
hyperhidrosis :多汗 hyperkinesia :运动过度
hyperostosis frontalis interna :额骨内板增生症
hyperpathia :痛觉过度 hyperreflexia :反射亢进
hypersexuality :性欲亢进 hypersomnia :睡眠过度
hypertonia :张力过高 hypesthesia :感觉减退
hypogeusia :味觉减退 hypohidrosis :少汗
hypokinesia :运动减少 hyporeflexia :反射减弱
hypothalamic syndrome :下丘脑综合征 hypotonia :张力过低
hypsarrhythmia :高度节律失调
I
ideational apraxia :观念性失用[症] ideokinetic apraxia :观念运动性失用[症]
idiopathic epilepsy :特发性癫痫 imitative synkinesia :模仿性联带运动
incontinence :失禁 incoordination :动作失调
injury potential :损伤电位 intentional tremor :意向性震颤
internuclear ophthalmoplegia : 核间性眼肌瘫痪
intracranial venous thrombosis :颅内静脉血栓形成
Isaac syndrome :艾萨克综合征
J
Jackson epilepsy :杰克逊癫痫 Jackson syndrome :杰克逊综合征
jargon aphasia :杂乱性失语[症] jitter :颤抖
Joseph disease :约瑟夫病 jugular foramen syndrome :颈静脉
孔综合征
K
Kearns —Sayre syndrome :卡恩斯—塞尔综合征
Kernig sign :凯尔尼格征 kinetic tremor :动作性震颤
Klippel —Feil disease :克利佩尔—费尔病
Kocher —Debr é—Semelaign ésyndrome : 科克—德布雷—塞梅莱涅综合征
Krabbe disease :克拉伯病 Kufs disease :库夫斯病
Kugelberg —Welander disease :库格尔贝格—韦兰德病
Kuru disease :库鲁病
L
Lafora disease :拉福拉病
Lambert —Eaton syndrome :兰伯特—伊顿综合征
Landry paralysis :兰德里瘫痪 laryngeal crisis :喉危象
Las ègue sign :拉塞格征 late response :迟发反应
Leber disease :莱伯病 Leigh disease :利氏病
Leri sign :莱里征 lethargy :嗜睡
leukoencephalitis :白质脑炎 Lhermitte sign :莱尔米特征
locked2in syndrome :闭锁综合征 Luft disease :勒夫特病
luxury perfusion syndrome :过度灌注综合征
M
MacEwen sign :麦克尤恩征
Marinesco —Sjogren syndrome : 马里内斯科—舍格伦综合征
Mayer sign : 迈耶征 McArdle disease :麦卡德尔病
megaconial myopathy :大锥状颗粒肌病 meningism:假性脑[脊]膜炎
meningitis :脑[脊]膜炎 meningoencephalitis :脑膜脑炎
meningomyelitis :脊膜脊髓炎
Menkes disease :门克斯病又称“钢发综合征(steely hair syndrome) ”
metachromatic leukodystrophy :异染性脑白质营养不良
micturition syncope :排尿晕厥 migraine :偏头痛
Millard —Gubler syndrome : 米亚尔—居布勒综合征
mirror writing :镜像书写 mitochondrial myopathy :线粒体肌病
Mollaret meningitis :莫拉雷脑[脊]膜炎 monoballismus :单肢投掷症
mononeuritis :单神经炎 monoplegia :单瘫
Moro reflex :莫罗反射 motor aphasia :运动性失语[症]
motor apraxia :运动性失用[症]
motor nerve conduction velocity :运动神经传导速度
motor unit action potential :运动单位动作电位
motor unit potential :运动单位电位 multilead electrode :多导电极
multiple sclerosis :多发性硬化
multiple spike and slow wave complex :多棘慢复合波
muscular hypertrophy :肌肥大 myalgia :肌痛
myasthenia :肌无力 myasthenia gravis :重症肌无力
myelitis :脊髓炎 myelopathy :脊髓病
myoclonic epilepsy :肌阵挛型癫痫 myoclonic seizure :肌阵挛发作
myoclonus :肌阵挛 myokymia :肌纤维颤搐
myopathy :肌病 myositis :肌炎
myositis ossificans :骨化性肌炎 myotonia :肌强直
myotonia atrophica :萎缩性肌强直 myotonic potential :肌强直电位
myotubular myopathy :肌管性肌病 M —wave :M波
N
narcolepsy :发作性睡病
nascent motor unit action potential :新生运动单位动作电位
nasopharyngeal electrode :鼻咽电极 necrotic myelitis :坏死性脊髓炎
needle electrode :针电极
nemaline myopathy , rod myopathy :线状体肌病, 又称“棒状体肌病”
neuralgia :神经痛 neuritis :神经炎
neurology :神经病学 neuromyositis :神经肌炎
neuromyotonia :神经性肌强直 neuropathy :神经病
nodding spasm , spasmus nutans :点头痉挛
nominal aphasia :命名性失语[症] Nothnagel sign :诺特纳格尔征
Nothnagel syndrome :诺特纳格尔综合征
nuclear ophthalmoplegia :核性眼肌瘫痪 nystagmus :眼震
O
ocular bobbing :眼球浮动 oculocephalogyric reflex :头眼反射
oculogyric crisis :眼动危象 oculogyric spasm:旋眼痉挛
olivopontocerebellar atrophy :橄榄体脑桥小脑萎缩
Oppenheim sign :奥本海姆征 optical neuromyelitis :视神经脊髓炎
orbicularis sign :眼轮匝肌征
P
palatal myoclonus :软腭阵挛 pallanesthesia :振动觉缺失
palmomental reflex :掌颏反射 palsy , paralysis :麻痹, 瘫痪
paraesthesia :感觉异常 parageusia :味觉倒错
paralexia :错读[症] paramyotonia :副肌强直
paraparesis :轻截瘫 paraphasia :错语[症]
paraplegia :截瘫 parasomnia :深眠状态
paresis :轻瘫 Parinaud syndrome :帕里诺综
合征
Parkinson disease :帕金森病, 又称“震颤麻痹” partial seizure :部分发作
patellar clonus :髌阵挛
Pelizaeus —Merzbacher disease :佩利措伊斯—梅茨巴赫病, 简称“佩—梅病”
pendular reflex :钟摆样反射 periodic paralysis :周期性瘫痪 petit mal :小发作 phantom limb :幻肢
phantom sensation :幻感觉
phantom spike and slow wave complex :幻影棘慢复合波
photo convulsive response :光惊厥反应 photo myoclonic response :光
肌阵挛反应
photo paroxysm response :光阵发反应 Pick disease :皮克病
pill rolling tremor :捻丸样震颤 planotopokinesia :空间定位障碍
polymyoclonus :多肌阵挛 polymyositis :多肌炎
polyneuritis :多神经炎 polyneuropathy :多神经病
polyradiculitis :多神经根炎 positive sharp wave :正尖波 postinfectious encephalomyelitis : 感染后脑脊髓炎
postvaccinal encephalomyelitis :疫苗接种后脑脊髓炎
primary lateral sclerosis :原发性侧索硬化
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy :进行性多灶性白质脑病
progressive muscular dystrophy :进行性肌营养不良
progressive spinal muscular atrophy :进行性脊髓性肌萎缩
progressive stroke :进行性[脑]卒中 pronation sign :旋前征
prosopagnosia :面容失认[症] pseudoataxia :假[性]共济失调
pseudoathetosis :假[性]手足徐动症
pseudobulbar paralysis , pseudobulbar palsy :假[性]延髓性麻痹
pseudohypertrophy :假[性]肥大 pseudomyotonia :假性肌强直 psychogenic headache :心因性头痛
psychomotor epilepsy :精神运动型癫痫
pyramidal sign :锥体束征
Q
quadriplegia :四肢瘫痪
Queckenstedt test :奎肯施泰特试验(简称奎氏试验)
R
radiculitis :神经根炎 Raymond Cestan syndrome :蕾蒙·塞斯唐综合征
reflex epilepsy :反射性癫痫 Refsum disease :雷夫叙姆病 restless leg syndrome :下肢不宁综合征 retrograde amnesia :逆行性遗忘 reverse steal phenomenon :反盗血现象 reversible ischemic attack :可逆性脑缺血发作
rhythm:节律μ—rhythm:μ节律 rigidity :强直
Riley —Day syndrome :赖利—戴综合征 Romberg sign :龙贝格征 Rossolimo sign :罗索利莫征
S
Santavuori disease :桑塔沃里病
Schilder disease :希尔德病, 又称“弥漫性硬化(diffuse sclerosis) ”
Schmidt syndrome :施密特综合征 sciatica , ischialgia :坐骨神经痛 Seitelberger disease :赛特贝格病 sensory aphasia :感觉性失语[症] sensory nerve conduction velocity :感觉神经传导速度
sharp and slow wave complex , sharp andwave complex :尖慢复合波
sharp wave :尖波
Shy —Drager syndrome :夏伊—德雷格综合征
simple partial seizure :简单部分发作
single fiber electromyography :单纤维肌电图学
skew deviation :反向偏斜
somatosensory evoked potential , SEP:躯体感觉诱发电位
spasm:痉挛 spasmodic torticollis :痉挛性斜颈 spastic ataxic gait :痉挛性共济失调步态 spastic gait :痉挛步态
spastic hemiplegia :痉挛性偏瘫 spasticity :痉挛状态
spastic paralysis :痉挛性瘫痪 spastic synkinesia :痉挛性联带运动 sphenoidal electrode :蝶骨电极
spike and slow wave complex , spike andwave complex :棘慢复合波
spike wave :棘波 spinal evoked potential :脊髓诱发电位
static tremor :静止性震颤 status epilepticus :癫痫持续状态 steal phenomenon :盗血现象 steppage gait :跨阈步态
stereoanesthesia :立体觉缺失 stiff man syndrome :僵人综合征 stroke , apoplexy : [脑]卒中 Sturge —Weber syndrome :斯特奇—韦伯综合征
subacute combined sclerosis :亚急性联合硬化
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis , SSPE:亚急性硬化性全脑炎
subclavian steal syndrome :锁骨下动脉盗血综合征
supranuclear ophthalmoplegia :核上性眼肌瘫痪 synkinesia :联带运动
syringobulbia :延髓空洞症 syringomyelia :脊髓空洞症 T
tactile agnosia :触觉失认[症] Tangier disease :丹吉尔病
Tapia syndrome :塔皮亚综合征 tarsal tunnel syndrome :跗管综合征 temporal epilepsy :颞叶癫痫 tension headache :紧张性头痛 thalamic syndrome :丘脑综合征 thermanesthesia :温度觉缺失 thermohyperesthesia :温度觉过敏 thermohypesthesia :温度觉减退 thigmanesthesia :触觉缺失 thoracic outlet syndrome :胸出口综合征
tic :抽搐 Todd paralysis :托德瘫痪 Tolosa Hunt syndrome :托洛萨—亨特综合征, 又称“痛性眼肌麻痹”
tonic clonic seizure :强直阵挛发作 tonic reflex :强直反射
tonic seizure :强直发作 topoanesthesia :定位觉缺失 torsion dysmyotonia :扭转性肌张力障碍
transcortical motor aphasia :经皮质运动性失语[症]
transcortical sensory aphasia :经皮质感觉性失语[症]
transient ischemic attack :短暂性脑缺血发作
transient wave :一过性波 transverse myelitis :横贯性脊髓炎 tremor :震颤 triphasic wave :三相波
trismus :牙关紧闭
U
urinary incontinence :尿失禁
V
vegetative state :植物状态
vertebro —basilar artery insufficiency :椎基底动脉供血不足
vestibule —ocular reflex :前庭眼反射
visual evoked potential , VEP:视觉诱发电位
visual —spatial agnosia :视空间觉失认[症]
Vogt syndrome :福格特综合征
W
Wallenberg syndrome :瓦伦贝格综合征
α2wave :α波
β2wave :β波
δ2wave :δ波
θ2wave :θ波
Weber syndrome :韦伯综合征
Werdnig —Hoffmann disease :韦德尼希—霍夫曼病, 又称“婴儿型脊髓性肌萎缩” Wernicke disease :韦尼克病
Wernicke encephalopathy :韦尼克脑病
Wernicke syndrome :韦尼克综合征
Wernicke —Korsakoff syndrome :韦尼克—科尔萨科夫综合征