高考省略句

省略句

省略在英语运用中，尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在，因为它可以避免重复，突出关键词语，能做到言简意赅，并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略。

（一）词法上的省略

1. 名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略

①如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。

These are John's books and those are Mary's (books). 这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的书。 ②名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时，这些名词也常常省略。

at the doctor's 在诊所 at Mr. Green's 在格林先生家

to my uncle's 到我叔叔家 at the barber's 在理发店

2. 冠词的省略

①为了避免重复

The lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。（thunder 前省略了定冠词the ） ②在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。

She sings best in the class. 她在班上唱歌唱得最好。

③在某些独立主格结构中。

Our teacher came in, book in hand. (=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.)

我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。

④在as 引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。

Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得很多。

3. 介词的省略

①both 后常跟of 短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of 可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of 不能省略。

Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。

She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。

②在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for 可以省略。

These shoes are worn out. They have lasted (for) a long time.

这双鞋穿破了，已经穿了很长一段时间了。

③和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词，consider... (as)..., prevent / stop... (from)doing...,have trouble / difficulty... (in) doing...,spend... (in / on) doing... 等中的介词可以省略。

Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。

Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river? 你能阻止他下河洗澡吗？

I have some difficulty (in) answering the question. 回答这个问题我有点困难。

4. 动词不定式中的省略

①有些动词，believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构。

to be + n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。

I consider him (to be) lazy. 我认为他懒。

His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。

②感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，to 必须保留。

They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。

The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩被迫早睡。

注：help 后作宾补的动词不定式中的to 可以省略也可以保留。

③在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but, prefer to do sth rather than do sth...., would do sth rather than...,之后的动词不定式一般不带to ；but 之前有实义动词do 的某个形式do, does, did, done 时，也不带to, 否则要带to 。

We have nothing to do now but wait. 我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。

I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。

He has no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实他别无选择。

④在并列结构中为了避免重复。

I'm really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知道该怎么想，怎么说才好。

但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to 不能省略。

I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责备你，而是赞美你。

⑤在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to 的动词不定式。

Why talk so much about it? 为什么大谈这个事呢？

Why not try it again? 为什么不再试一试呢？

⑥动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to 。

They may go if they wish to(go). 如果他们想去，他们就可以去。

Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。

在一些动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟动词不定式作宾语，不定式中的to 可以承前（后) 省略。 —Will you go to the cinema with me? 你愿和我一起去看电影吗？

—Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。

I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you).

我想为你做这事，但我又不知如何做。

在某些形容词，afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to 。

—Will you join us in the game? 你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗？

—Sure, I'll be glad to(join you in the game). 当然，我愿意。

有些动词，tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like, forbid 等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形， 保留动词不定式符号to 。

He didn't come, though we had invited him to (come). 尽管我们邀请他来，他却没来。 注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have 或be ，则要保留be 或have 。

—Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？ --No, but I used to be (a teacher). 不，我以前是。

（二）句法上的省略

在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中，可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分，也可以省略多个句子成分。

1. 简单句中的省略

①感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。

What a hot day (it is)! 多热的天啊！ How wonderful! 多妙啊！

②在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。

—（Will you）Have a smoke? 你抽烟吗？—No. Thanks. 不，谢谢了。

（Is there）Anything else to say?还有别的要说吗？

2. 并列句中的省略

①如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。

John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.

约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。

②主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。

His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.

他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。

③主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。

Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.

老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。

④在并列复合句中，如果that 从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that 从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。

Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't （sing at the party）.

杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。

3. 复合句中的省略

▲名词性从句中的省略

①作宾语的wh 从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则wh 从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语也可省略，仅保留一个wh 词。。

Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it).

有人用了我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。

He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone).他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。 ②有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分。

（I'm ）Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你久等了。

③在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should 可以省略。

a 一坚持(insist),二命令(order, command), 三建议(suggest, propose, advise ), 四要求(demand, require, request, ask)后的主语、宾语从句中.

b 一个主意(idea),一个计划(plan),一个命令(order),三个建议(suggest, proposal, advice)等后的表语、同位语从句中.

c It is necessary(important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...主语从句中. It's important that we (should) speak to the old politely.我们对老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。 ▲定语从句中的省略

①在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。

The man(who / whom) I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。

Where is the book (which) I bought this morning?今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿？

②关系副词when, where, why 以及that 在the time(day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year 等) when, the place(desk, table, room, spot, house, town, country, school 等)where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why, that。

I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.

我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。

The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair. 他来这么早是他自己的事。

The way (that) you answered the questions was admirable. 你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。 ▲状语从句中的省略

当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it ，并且又含有be 动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be 动词。

①在as, before, till, once, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。

While （I was） waiting, I was reading some magazines. 我一边看杂志，一边等。

②在though, although,等引导的让步状语从句中。

Though (they were) tired, they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。 ③在if, unless(=if... not)等引导的条件状语从句中。

You shouldn't come to his party unless (you were) invited.

除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。

④在as, as if, as though引导的让步状语从句中。

He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那样去做了。

He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak. 他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。

⑤在as(so)... as..., than引导的比较状语从句中。

I know you can do better than he (can do). 我知道你能比他做得更好。

This car doesn't run as fast as that one (does). 这辆小车不及那辆跑得快。

▲强调句中的省略

当用强调句型强调疑问词时，常省略强调句型中的that 。

例:When was it (that) you received his 你收到他的电子邮件是什么时候

▲比较句中的省略

以than/as引起的从句中，常会省略主语。因为主语省略了，所以尤其要注意识别哪个词是省略了的主语，进而选择谓语的数、时态和语态。

例：He is more of a writer than a historian. 他是历史学家，但更可以说是位作家。

He is more brilliant than ever before.他比以往更高明。 He worked as hard as others. 他干活像别人一样起劲。

We will, as always, stand on your side. 我们会一如既往地支持你。

The project requires more labor than has been put in because it is extremely difficult.

（三）替代省略

1. 用it, one, that，ones, those替代句子中重复出现的名词、代词或句子。

one 是指代同名称的另一样东西(同类异物), 代替前面句子中重复出现的可数名词;

that 替代特指可数或不可数名词, 后面常跟有in 或of 短语作后置定语;it 指代同名称的同样事物(同类同物) 。

例:One took a taxi, and the other walked home. I haven’t a book, can you lend me one？

2."So / Nor(Neither)+谓语+主语" 这种句型是用来替代前面提到的情况, 表明它也适用于后者。

例:He can’t do it, nor can I，nor can you, nor can anybody.

3．that 引导的宾语从句省略时，可以省略从句的一部分，用so 或not 代替从句。

例:——Is he coming back tonight?——I think so. ——She must be busy now.——If so,

she can’t go with us.

——Is he feeling better today? ——I ’m afraid not. ——Do you think he will attend the meeting ？——I guess so.

特别是在动词appear, believe, expect, fear, hope, seem, suppose, trust, think,或词组be afraid后面，表示肯定时用so, 表示否定时可用not.

例： I think you’ll win the race; indeed we all think so.我认为你一定会赢得这场比赛，事实上我们都这样想。

I ’m not sure she isn’t coming, but I suppose. 我不能肯定她不来，但我想是这样。 注意:

命令句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、 例:Open the door!开门

! Why not? 为什么不

? Why so? 为什么这样? Anybody wishing to go? 谁愿意去啊

? How so？怎么会如此 Is that so？真的吗?

高中英语省略句专练

随堂专练：

1.Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him___.

A ．not to B ．not to do C ．not do it D ．do not to

2. —Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend?

—_____.

A ．I believe not B ．I believe not so C ．I don’t believe it D ．I don't believe

3. —What do you think made the girl so glad?

—_____a beautiful necklace.

A ．As she received B ．Receiving C ．Received D ．Because of receiving

4. Father advised me not to say anything until _____ at the meeting.

A ．asking B ．to ask C．asked D ．ask

5. —Have you watered the flowers?

—No, but_____.

A ．I am B．I’m going C ．I’m just going to D ．I will go

6. —He hasn’t gone to the office up to now.

—Well, he_____.

A ．should B ．ought to C ．ought to go D ．ought to have

7. —The war is very likely to break out in the near future.

—I _____, if the situation goes as it is.

A ．hope so B ．hope not C．am afraid not D ．am afraid so

8. —You ought to have given them some advice.

—_____, but who cared what I said?

A ．So ought you B ．So I ought C ．So I did D ．So did you

9. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _____.whether he was going in the right direction.

A ．seeing B ．having seen C ．to see D．to have seen

10. _____.he come, the problem would be settled.

A ．Would B ．Should C ．Shall D ．If

11. —Can I see you at 3:00 pm next Monday?

—I_____. I will have flown to New York long before then.

A ．am afraid not B ．am afraid so C．am afraid to D ．am afraid not to

12. —Is that a book on farming? If so, I want to borrow_____.

—Yes, it is.

A ．this B ．it C ．one D ．the one

13. _____, I will help you with your work.

A ．If am possible B ．If it possible C ．If possible D ．Possible

14. —How are you getting on with your work?

—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as_____.

A ．plans B ．planning C ．planned D ．to plan

15. —Are you a volunteer now?

—No, but I _____. I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.

A ．used to B ．used to be C ．used to do D ．was used to

综合专练：

1. The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _____.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

2. The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are, not how they ought ____.

A. to B. to be C. be D. have been

3. ---Did you work in the lab every afternoon?

---No, but sometimes, I wish I ____.

A. had time to B. had time to do C. have time to D. have time

4. ---I hope the children won’t touch the dog.

----I’ve warned them ____.

A. not B. not to C. not touch D. not do

5. Some students are going to China in summer vacation, and ____.

A. some are to America B. some going to America

C. some to America D. some America

6. The workers did all ___ good care of the old man.

A. they could to take B. they could take

C. which they could to take D. what they could to take

7. Of all the things in the world, I think life and love are ____.

A. very much precious B. more than precious

C. the preciousest D. the most precious

8. The photographs of other planets taken by satellite are clear than ___.

A. the earth B. those taken from the earth C. those of the earth D. of the earth

9. why ___? It is not very serious.

A. to worry B. worry C. not worry D. you are worried

10. ___ the road, don’t forget to look both ways.

A. As crossing B. While you cross C. While crossing D. Cross

11. Chemistry is the science of substances ___ the science of energy.

A. and is physics B. or is physics C. and physics D. or physics is

12. –Who broke the window?

--- ____.

A. Him B. He C. He broke D. It is him

13. ---Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.

--- Why ___? John is sitting there doing nothing.

A. him B. he C. I D. me

14. ---How do you find your missing pen?

----___.

A. Quite by accident B. I found it in my drawer.

C. It writes well D. It was well kept by myself.

15. ---You must obey every word of mine.

----____ I don’t.?

A. How if B. What if C. Such as D. Only if

16. When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed

17. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____ whether he was going in the

right direction.

A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see

18. I won’t go to his party next time. It couldn’t have been ____ in fact.

A. any better B. any worse C. so bad D. the best

19. ---Does Bill do his new job well?

---_____ his old job. I am afraid there is no hope for him.

A. Not better than B. No better than C. Not so well as D. Not as well as

20. ---Leaving for Shanghai?

---____.

A. Soon B. Lately C. The other day D. Sooner

21. The rent is expensive. I’ve got half the space I had at home and I’m paying ____here.

A. as three times much B. as much three times

C. much as three times D. three times as much

22. —Wait until we get a satisfactory one, will you?

---I couldn’t agree ___, It sounds good to me.

A. much B. worse C. more D. at all

23. ——I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

——Not at all. ______________.

A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to

24. ——Let me introduce myself. I’m Albert.

——____________.

A. What a pleasure B. It’s my pleasure

C. Pleased to meet you D. I’m very pleased

25. ——Do you mind my taking this seat？

——__________.

A. Yes, sit down B. No, of course not

C. Yes, take it please D. No, you can’t take it

26. ——I usually go there by train.

——Why not _____by boat for a change?

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

27. Unless________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.

A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited

28. Though_______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

29. The research is so designed that once _____nothing can be done to change it..

A. begins B having begun C. beginning D. begun

30. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if________ whether he was going in

the right direction.

A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see

31. ______, he doesn’t want to go to school and keep in touch with the bad boys.

A. As he is a student B. He is as student C. Student as he is D. As students he is

32. ——The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?

——_________.

A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess

C. I don’t guess so D. I guess not

33. In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my ______.

A. friendship B. respect C. support D. favor

34. — I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do?

— Don’t speak until _____.

A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to

35. — How are you getting on with your work?

— Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____.

A. plans B. planning C. planned D. to plan

36. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, _____, refusing them when they tur n to him.

A. if never B. if ever C. if not D. if any

37. While _____ holding talks with President Hu Jintao, US President George W. Bu sh thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.

A. he is B. he was C./ D. B or C

38. —You should have thanked her before you left.

— I meant _____, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere .

A. to thank B. to C. / D. thanking

39. When first _____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced

40. I wonder why you won't do it as _____. It's the third time you have done so.

A. told to B. be told C. told you D. you told

41. He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship, _____ is more ture than any other.

A. once gained B. when to gain C. after is gained D. while gaining

42. You may take them all home _____.

A. if possible B. if can C. if impossible D. if you are possible

43. Water, _____ enough, can change into vapor quickly

A. when heated B. while heating C. when to be heated D. when is heated

44. — Should I look up each word that I don’t understand?

— No, turn to your dictionary only when _____.

A. you are necessary B. you need

C. necessary D. you are needed

45. — You seem to have lost your way. _____?

— I'm looking for Wangfujing Street.

A. What for B. Need help C. Why so D. Where to

随堂专练答案与解析：

1．A 不定式作宾语补足语时，其后的内容常被省略，只保留不定式符号to 。

2．A

3．B Receiving a beautiful necklace后面省略了前文中的made the girl so glad。

4．C 状语从句中省略了I was。

5．C

6．D 承前省略的不定式后有助动词have 时，不定式等号to 后要保留have 。

7．D

8．C

9．C as if to see是as if he was going to see的省略说法。

10．B 此处是对将来情况的假设。虚拟条件句的谓语部分有should, had或were 时，可把if 省去，而把should, had或were 放在从句的主语之前，构成主谓部分倒装。

11．A

12．B

13．C If possible是If it is possible的省略说法。

14．C

15．B

综合专练参考答案：

1-5ABABC 6-10ADBBC 11-15CADCB 16-20ADBBA 21-25DCDCB 26-30DACDD 31-35CDABC 36-40CDBBA 41-45AAACB