复合不定代词专讲
语法:some /any复合不定代词
语法全解:
(一)Some和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,表示―一些….‖但二者在用法上还是有
区别的。
1. some
Eg:David has some friends in Shanghai. 戴维在上海有一些朋友。
2. any 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
Eg:Mary hasn‘t got any pens.
Has Tom got any books?
(二)some和any
① some用在疑问句中,表示请求,建议或希望得到肯定回答。
Eg:May I have some chicken? 我能吃些鸡肉吗?
Would you like some noodles?
What about some coffee?
②any可用于肯定句,表示―任何的,任一的‖,后常接可数名词单数(any+单数名词)。 Eg:Any color is ok. 任何颜色都可以。
③ some+单数名词, 表示 某一
Eg: I hope to go there someday.
④some more 一些更多的
Eg: Can you give me some more coffee? 你能再给我一些咖啡吗?
⑤some other其他一些的,在否定句和疑问句中用any other
Eg:Some other students will go there by bus.
Do you have any other questions?
⑥ any other+单数名词 其他任何 用于肯定句中
Eg:He is taller than any other boy in the class.
【中考链接】
1. ( )It‘s polite to take flowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend.
A. little B. any C. some
2. ( ) There isn‘twater in the glass. Let‘s go and get some.
A. many B. lots C. any D. Some
复合不定代词
教材典句
1. I saw nobody.
2. There is not anybody in the room.
3. Is there anything on the bookcase?
4. Is there anyone next to the piano?
以上句子都含有复合不定代词nobody,anybody,anything和anyone。
语法全解
1.一般说来,由some构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中;而由any构成的复合不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。
Eg: I heard someone singing when I was at work last night.
Please give me something to read.
Is there anyone at home?
注:nobody = not… anybody = not…anyone= no one nothing=not…anything
Eg: There is nobody in the classroom. = There is not anybody in the classroom.
I heard nothing. =I didn‘t hear anything.
【拓展】由some构成的复合不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中,用来表示请求,建议等语句。 Why not buy something interesting? 为什么不买一些有趣的东西呢?
注意:当anything表示―任何事(物),无论何事(物)‖,anyone,anybody表示―无论谁,任何人‖等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中。如:
Anything is OK. 什么都行。
Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。
2.
Eg: Somebody wants to see you.
Is there anything I can do for you?
3.形容词修饰复合不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时,形容词要后置, 定代词+形容词)
Eg: Do you have anything important to tell us?
We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else?
我们还需要一个助手,你能再给我们找一个人吗?
有事要做
5.There is something wrong with…某人/物出了问题
There is nothing wrong with…某人/物没问题
二、复合不定代词的属格
1、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有-‘s属格形式。如:
Everybody‘s business is nobody‘s business.大家的事情没人管。
Is this anybody‘s seat? 这儿有人坐吗?
2、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词后跟else时,-‘s属格应加在else之后。如:
Can you remember someone else‘s name? 你还记得其他人的姓名吗?
3、含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有-‗s属格形式。
三、复合不定代词的替代问题
由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,所以在正规的英语中用来替代它们的代词也应该是单数形式。
1、含-one和-body等指人的复合代词,其代词应该是he/she, him/her,其-‗s属格形式的代词应该是his/her, his/hers。如:
Everyone has his/her own words. 每个人都有他(她)自己的说辞。
但是,这样一来就会因为性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性,所以为了避免这种别扭的情况,我们一般都是用they/them/their/theirs,尤其是在口语中以及非正式场合下。如:No one gave you a ticket, did they? 没人给你票,是吗?
2、含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词,不会因性别上的差异而使得在代词的运用上产生不确定性,因此我们就使用it。如:
Something goes wrong, doesn‘t it?出问题了,是吗?
四、合与分的区别问题
1、 someone,anyone,everyone都只能指人,且不和介词of连用;some one,any one,every one则既可指人又可指物,可与介词of连用。例如:
Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。
---Which toy would you like? ---Any one is OK. ---你要那个玩具?---随便。
2、no one(=nobody)―没有人‖,只用来指人,通常不和介词of连用;none―没有一个‖,既可以用来指人也可用来指物。例如:
No one can do it better. 没有人能做得更好。
None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.这些问题没有一个是容易的,我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。
回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one;回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。例如: ---Who was late ? ---No one. ---谁迟到了?---谁也没有迟到。
---How many pigs do you keep? ---None. ---你养几头猪?---一头也没养。
【中考链接】
( )1. You don‘t have a drink. Can I get you?
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
( )2. — Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday?
— A. Someone B. Anyone C. Nobody D. Everyone
课堂练习:
一、用some和any填空。
good friends in my class.
water in the bottle?
money?
4. They don‘t have
5. –
–Yes, please.
6. I don‘t havemilk for breakfast.
1. work to do today.
2. They didn‘t have3. –
–Yes, please.
4. interesting?
5. 6. 7. 8. but your voice.
9. at home when I visited Lily, so I went away.
10. problems, I will ask my mother.
三、句型转换。 1. I saw nobody.
2. I didn‘t eat anything.
3. Bob heard nothing.
Bob didn‘t .
5. They will meet nobody.
They ___________.
6. She doesn‘t know anything.
She
四、选择题。
( to say?
--No, I don‘t.
A. anything B. anyone C. nothing D. someone
( )2. I couldn‘t meeton the island, so I had no one to talk with.
A. nothing B. anybody C. something D. nobody
( )3. broke the window last night. Do you know who broke it?
A. Anything B. Somebody C. Something D. Anybody
( A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody
( )5. — —Yes, I am here.
A. anybody B. some C. everybody D. nobody
( answered.
A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. someone
( A. no one B. nobody C. anybody D. something
( A. are B. is C. be D. am
( ?
A. were they B. wasn‘t they C. weren‘t they D. weren‘t they
( for my article.
A. important something B. something important
C. an important something D. a something important
( if you don‘t remember my warning.
A. dangerous something B. something dangerous
C. something interesting D. interesting something
( .
A. not have B. don‘t C. don‘t have some D. don‘t have any
(
A. something else B. anything else C. nothing else D. everything else
( A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
( )15.I don‘t want to use your pen. I want A. somebody else‘s B. somebody‘s else
C. somebody else D. somebody‘s else‘s