定语从句考点讲解
一、从整体看 1.定义:在主从复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句。 2.位置:通常在先行词之后。 3.引导词:关系词。 4.关系词的作用:代替先行词在定语从句中充当成分。 5.种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 二、从局部看 1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句只需掌握两点: (1)有逗号的为非限制性,无逗号的为限制性。 (2)非限制性定语从句引导词不能用that(通俗地说就是逗号后不用that)。 2.关于关系词及其成分。 关系代词: 指人:that(主语,宾语),who(主语,宾语),whom(宾语),whose(定语) 指物:that(主语,宾语),which(主语,宾语),whose(定语) 关系副词:when(时间状语),where(地点状语),why(原因状语) 3.关于关系词的选择。 (1)看定语从句中主语和宾语是否齐全,齐全用关系副词,用什么关系副词看先行词。 e.g.I will never forget the days when I stayed with you. Do you remember the lake where you first met your girlfriend? Please give me the reason why you made such great progress. (2)若定语从句中缺宾语,先确定从句谓语动词是否及物,如是用关系代词,不是用关系副词。 e.g.Yesterday we went to visit the house where the great writer used to live. The house that/which they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. (3)若定语从句是被动结构,只需找主语即可,有主语,用关系副词,反之用关系代词。 e.g.October1st is the day when new China was founded. The meeting which/that will be held next week is very important. 4.关于介词+关系代词引导定语从句。 (1)注意介词后只能用which,whom,whose(不常见)。 (2)选择介词时注意固定搭配和表达习惯。 e.g.This is the book from which I learned a lot. I still remember the year in which I joined the army. (3)whose+n.=the+n.+of which/whom或of which/whom+the+n. e.g.They live in the house whose windows face south. =They live in the house the windows of which face south. (4)关系副词可用适当的介词+关系代词来替代。 when=in/on/at...+which, where=in/on/at...+which,why=for+which e.g.I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. (注:介词的位置可以变动,关系代词前或谓语动词后) 5.关于as引导的定语从句。 (1)限制性定语从句。 用于固定结构the same...as, so/such...as e.g. He is so good a teacher as everyone likes. 注意区分: He is so good a teacher that everyone likes him. (不缺成分,故用that引导结果状语从句) (2)非限制性定语从句。 as引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句或主句中的一部分,可以放在句首、句中或句末,常用于固定结构中,译为“正如”。 As is known to all, As was expected, As we can see... 6.非限制性定语从句与单句的比较(注意标点符号) e.g. He failed in the exam. It made his parents angry. He failed in the exam,which made his parents angry. 7.定语从句中只用that不用which的情况 (1)先行词为all,everything,something,anything,nothing,few, little, much或先行词被all,every,any,no,little,much等修饰时 e.g.All that should be done has been done. You can take any book that you like. (2)先行词为最高级,序数词或先行词被最高级,序数词,the only, the very, the right等修饰时 e.g.It is the very watch that I lost yesterday. (3)先行词既指人又指物时 e.g.They talked about things and persons that they remembered in the school. (4)主句是以which,who等开头的疑问句时 e.g. Which is the bike that you lost? 编辑 王团兰