英语元音辅音发音规则表
1. 关于语音的几个概念
1) 字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,
2) 音标:词的语音形式。
3) 音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。
4) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand 5) 元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。
6) 辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
7) 开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi 8) 闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it
9) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 2. 元音:(注意:下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)
1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling 2) [i] sit, build, miss, myth 3) [e] bed, desk, head, 4) [ ] bad, land, bank, stamp 5) [a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
6) [ ] hot, want
7) [ ] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught 8) [u:] good, who, blue, soup, 9) [u] look, put, women, could 10) [ ] cup, come, blood, rough 11) [ ] girl, work, serve, nurse 12) [ ] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar,
doctor, famous, Saturday
13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great, 14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye
15) [ ] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow 16) [au] house, town 17) [ ] boy, oil
18) [ ] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, 19) [ ] pear, care, there, fair 20) [ ] tour, poor, 3. 容易混淆的元音
1) [e] [] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land
2) [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid
3) [e] [AI] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide
4) [au] [ ] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause 5) [au] [ ] found fond; gown gone; down don 4. 辅音 1) [p] pen, 2) [b] bed, comb 3) [t] tell,
4) [d], day, played, wanted 5) [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box
6) [g] big, go, guess, language 7) [m] man
8) [n] nine, knife, autumn 9) [ ] bank, uncle, English, sing, 10) [l] land, world 11) [r] read, write, 12) [f] five, cough, laugh 13) [v] voice, of 14) [ ] think, 15) [ ] this, bathe
16) [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf
17) [z] zoo, close,
18) [ ] sure, she, social, nation 19) [ ] pleasure, 20) [h] hot, who, hour 21) [w] wall, what, answer 22) [j] yes
23) [ ] child, teach, catch 24) [ ] joke, bridge, 25) [ts] boats 26) [dz] goods 27) [tr] tree 28) [dr] dream 5. 容易混淆的辅音
1) [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well
2) [s] [ ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math
3) [z] [ ] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes
4) [n] [ ] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang
6. 读音规则
1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句) 2) 非重读音节 [ ] banana, student, today, after, [i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday 7. 特殊读音
1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如:not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all 2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如:good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme 3)音的同化:两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发
出变异成特殊的音。例如:Would you do it? I am glad to meet you. Can't you see it? last year, this year,
8. 重音 1) 单词重音 A) 双音节词
a) 一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry b) 有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form,
dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late c) 有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent
d) 有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war B) 多音节词
a) 一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.
b) 有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment, c) 词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious,
-ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective
d) 词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette
2) 句子重音
A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重
B) 英语句子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
C) 实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be
D) 实词不重读的特殊情况
a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks .
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替词 Which book do you want? The small one .
d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is! e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street.
f)this 在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening
E) 虚词重读的特殊情况
a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be 在句首,句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.
b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. c) 介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.
e) 反身代词表示强调。He couldn't come
himself.
英语单词是由字母组成的,字母构成音节。一般来讲有一个元音就是一个音节。含一个元音的词叫作单音节词,含两个或两个以上元音的单词叫作双音节或多音节词。单音节词都是重读音节,双音节和多音节词中一般有一个重读音节,其他的是弱读音节。
(1)开音节:开音节又分为绝对开音节和相对开音节。由一个元音字母结尾的音节为绝对开音节。例如:no ,I ,me ,my ,be 等。以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母(r除外) 再加一个不发音的字母e 结尾的音节为相对开音节。例如:name ,late ,grade ,game ,rose 等。开音节中的元音字母一般都发字母表中的音。
(2)闭音节:闭音节是以一个元音字母加一个或几个辅音字母结尾的音节。例如:not ,thank ,ten ,am ,six 等。
重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音
现在分词的构成规则是:
1. 大多数动词直接在词尾加-ing ,例如:go-going, work-working, study-studying, look-looking 等。
2. 以不发音的e 字母结尾的动词,需去掉e 再加-ing ,例如:make-making, write-writing, skate-skating 等。
3. 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写这一辅音字母,再加-ing 。例如:
run-running, swim-swimming等。
begin 和 star 符合现在分词构成规则的第三点.
listen /lisn/重读在第一个音节上, 不符合第三点, 所以他属于规则变化, 直接加ing 就好了.
至于open 是双写n 加ing 的,