美国酒文化

Whisky

Whisky or whiskey[1] is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash. Different grains are used for different varieties, including barley, , rye, malted

rye, wheat, buckwheat and corn. Whisky is typically aged in wooden casks, made generally of charred white oak.

Whisky is a strictly regulated spirit worldwide with many classes and types. The typical unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels.

American whiskey is a distilled beverage produced in the United States from a fermented mash of cereal grain.

The production and labeling of American whiskey are governed by Title 27 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations.

Outside of the United States, various other countries recognize certain types of American whiskey, such

as Bourbon and Tennessee whiskey, as indigenous products of the United States that must be produced (although not necessarily bottled) in the United States. When sold in another country,

American whiskey may also be required to conform to other local product requirements that apply to whiskey in general when sold in

that country, which may in some aspects involve stricter standards than the U.S. law.

Canadian law also requires that products labeled as Bourbon or Tennessee Whiskey must satisfy the laws of the United States that regulate its manufacture "for consumption in the United States". Some other countries do not specify this requirement. This distinction can be important, as the U.S. regulations include

substantial exemptions for products that are made for export rather than for consumption within the United States

Some key types listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations are:[1] ∙ Rye whiskey, made from mash that consists of at least 51% rye.

∙ Rye malt whiskey, made from mash that consists of at least 51% malted rye.

∙ Malt whiskey, made from mash that consists of at least 51% malted barley.

∙ Wheat whiskey, made from mash that consists of at least 51% wheat.

∙ Bourbon whiskey, made from mash that consists of at least 51% corn (maize).

∙ Corn whiskey, made from mash that consists of at least 80%

corn (maize). is whiskey that was distilled to not more than 80 percent by volume that has been aged for at least two years at a starting alcohol concentration of not more than 62.5% and has not been blended with any other spirits, colorings, or additives

Other types of American whiskey that are defined by federal regulations include the following: ∙ Blended whiskey, is a mixture which contains straight

whiskey or a blend of straight whiskeys at not less than 20

percent on a proof gallon basis, and, separately or in

combination, other whiskey or neutral spirits.

∙ Light whiskey, which is produced in the United States at

more than 80% alcohol by volume and stored in used or

uncharred new oak containers.

∙ Spirit whiskey

, which is a mixture of neutral spirits and at

least 5% of certain stricter categories of whiskey.

other .[1] in the grapes and converts them into and . Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of wine. The well-known variations result from the very complex interactions between the biochemical development of the fruit, reactions

involved in fermentation, and subsequent , along with human intervention in the overall process.

American wine has been produced for over 300 years.

Today, wine production is undertaken in all fifty states,

withCalifornia producing 89 percent of all US wine.[1] The United States is the fourth largest wine producing country in the world after France, Italy, and Spain.[2]

The North American continent is home to several native species of grape, including Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia, Vitis rotundifolia, and Vitis vulpina, but it was the introduction of the European Vitis vinifera by European settlers that led to the growth of the wine making industry.[3] With more than 1,100,000 acres (4,500 km2) under vine, the United States is the sixth most planted country in the world after France, Italy, Spain, China and Turkey.[4]

There are nearly 3,000 commercial vineyards in the United States, and at least one winery in each of the 50 states.[12]

West Coast – The majority of American wine production

occurs in the states of （1）, Washington andOregon.

Cocktail

A cocktail is a mixed drink typically made with adistilled

beverage (such as, gin, brandy, vodka, whiskey, tequila, or rum)

that is mixed with other ingredients. If beer is one of the ingredients, the drink is called a beer cocktail.

Cocktails contain one or more types

of liqueur, juice, fruit, sauce, honey, milk or cream,spices, or other flavorings. Cocktails may vary in their ingredients from bartender to bartender, and from region to region. Two creations may have the same name but taste very different because of differences in how the drinks are prepared.

When used as a word to refer to mixed drinks

generally, cocktail may mean any kind of alcoholic mixed drinkthat contains two or more ingredients. As generally understood today, a cocktail requires at least one alcoholic component—typically

a distilled spirit, although beer and wine are permissible—and one

sweet component; it may also contain a souring or bittering ingredient.[1]

Traditionally cocktails were a mixture of spirits, sugar, water, and bitters.[2]

Most types of mixed drinks today are called cocktails, and they will usually contain one or more kinds of spirit and one or more mixers, such as soda or fruit juice. Additional ingredients may

be sugar, honey, milk,cream, and various herbs.[3]