初中英语易混淆短语比较学习

相似词辨析：can与be able to的区别

can 与 be able to 均可表示某人做某事的能力，常可互换。

例如： I'm not able to [can't] explain this. 我不能解释这个问题。 He was able to [could] speak French very well. 他的法语讲得很不错。 区别：

(1) 从时态形式来看，can 只有现在式和过去式(could)两种，而 be able to 则可根据需要使用多种时态，还可以和一些情态动词连用，或用作动词不定式等非谓语形式。

I haven't been able to sleep recently. 最近我睡不着觉。

Our baby will be able to walk in a few weeks. 我们的宝宝再过几个星期就能走路了。

You might be able to persuade him. 你也许能够说服他。

I hope to be able to do the work. 我希望能干得了这项工作。

I regret not being able to help her. 我很遗憾未能帮助她。

(2) 用于现在时，can 泛指一般的能力，而 be able to 则主要指具体做某件事的能力。

He can swim. 他会游泳。

I am able to express my idea in a clear way. 我能清楚地表达自己的想法。

(3) 在表示过去的一般能力时，两者没有很大差别。

I could / was able to play the piano when I was young. 我年轻时会弹钢琴。 但如果要表示"一时的能力"，即"在过去某时有某种能力，并顺利地完成某事"，则要用 was / were able to，而不能用 could。例如：

Though he was sick, he was able to swim across the river. 虽然他病了，但他还是游过了河。

After five hours of climbing, we were able to reach the top of the mountain. 经过5个小时的攀爬，我们终于登上了山顶。

could 表示可能或有能力做，was [were] able to 则表示能够做且确已做到。比较下面两句：

I was able to pass the examination. 我通过了考试。（不仅有能力，而且实际上做到了。相当于I succeeded in passing the examination.）

I could pass the examination. 我当时有能力通过考试。（有能力，但实际上不一定做得到）

seem的用法

1. seem (vi.好象,仿佛,看来,似乎)的用法:

1) 后接形容词或to be +形容词或名词作表语.如:

Things far off seem (to be) small.远处的东西看上去小些.

He seems a very clever boy. 他似乎是个很聪明的男孩.

2) 后接(to sb.)that从句,但主语是it.如:

It seems to me that there is something strange about the case.在我看来这件案子有点奇怪.

It seems that you are lying. 看来你在撒谎吧.

3) 后接不定式(to do/ to be),主语一般是人称.如:

I seemed to hear a voice in the distance. 我好象听到远处有说话声. He seems (to be) quite happy.他似乎十分快乐.

4) 后接as if / as though,主语一般是it.

At that time, it seemed as if/ as though I couldn't think of a right word anyhow. 当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来.

5) seem 的否定式.

When his wife's pet cat died, Alan didn't seem to care at all.阿兰妻子的宠猫死了,他好象一点也不在乎.

There doesn't seem to be much hope that he'll come. 看来他来的希望不大.

talk to, talk with

这二者也有区别：前者作“对……讲”解，有时指上级对下级，含有“训话”的意味；而后者则表示“同……讲话”。试比较：

The teacher is talking to his students.老师正在对学生们讲话。

The teacher is talking with his students.老师正跟学生们聊天。 when, while这三个词都有"当……时候"之意，但用法有所不同，使用时要特别注意。

①when意为"在……时刻或时期"，它可兼指"时间点"与"时间段"，所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词，也可是持续性动词。如：

When I got home, he was having supper.我到家时，他正在吃饭。 When I was young, I liked dancing.我年轻时喜欢跳舞。

②while只指"时间段"，不指"时间点"，从句的动词只限于持续性动词。如： While I slept, a thief broke in.在我睡觉时,盗贼闯了进来。

辨析

①when从句与主句动作先后发生时，不能与while互换。如：

When he has finished his work, he takes a short rest.每当他做完工作后，总要稍稍休息一下。(when = after)

When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。(when=before)

②when从句动词为终止性动词时，不能由while替换。如：

When he came yesterday, we were playing basketball.昨天他来时，我们正在打篮球。

③当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词时，when, while才有可能互相替代。如： While / When we were still laughing, the teacher came in.正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时，老师进来了。

④当从句的谓语动词是终止性动词，而且主句的谓语动词也是终止性动词

时,when可和as通用，而且用as比用when在时间上更为紧凑，有"正当这时"的含义。如：

He came just as (or when) I reached the door.我刚到门那儿，他就来了。 ⑤从句的谓语动词如表示状态时，通常用while。如：

We must strike while the iron is hot.我们应该趁热打铁。 ⑥while和when都可以用作并列连词。

Mike is tall while his brother is short.迈克的个子很高，然而他弟弟很矮。 Mary was on her way home when two big boys stopped her.玛丽正走在回家的路上，这时两个大个子男孩拦住她。

rather than

rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：

1. rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如： She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。

2. rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下： (1) 连接两个名词或代词 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。

You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。 注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

(2) 连接两个形容词

The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

(3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词

We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。

She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。

(4) 连接两个分句

We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。

(5) 连接两个不定式

I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。 注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。

(6) 连接两个动词

He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的，而不是走来的。

注意：这里rather than 后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解。

would rather的用法

一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式

其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。

“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。

例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。

If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。

He’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。

You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。

过去进行时

结构

1. 过去进行时由“助动词was/were + 现在分词”构成

例如: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了｡

2. 过去进行时的否定式由“was/were not +现在分词”构成｡ 例如: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车｡

3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were + 主语+ 现在分词?”构成｡

例如: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?

基本用法

1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。 如：He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。

2. 过去进行时表示现在用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。

如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。

【注】一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。

3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。

如：They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。

4. 动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。

比较：He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此)

He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现) 过去进行时与一般过去时

都强调过去发生的事。

进行时强调过程，不一定完成；过去时强调事件，一定完成

如：He played when I was studying.

过去进行时与一般过去时，两者都表示过去发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作｡例如:

I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信｡(可能没打完)

I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信｡(已经打完)

1、一般过时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。 She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给朋友写了封信。 (信写完了) She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。 (信不一定写完)

2、一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。

She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。

不用于进行时的动词

感官动词：hear,see,notice,feel,taste…… 表示态度感情的动词：like,love,hate…… 表心理状态：feel,want,prefer…… 表占有：own,have,……

表存在状态和持续：look,owe,be……

句型

基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语.

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）

定义： （1） 强调动作是过去发生的

（2） 强调对现在的影响或结果

（3） 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。 但过去分词一定要选择准确。

过去分词

AAA式的过去分词：

注：图中不全。尚包括let-let-let, read-read-read等。

规则动词

1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：

(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped不规则动词 burn---burnt---burnt，hide—hid—hidden 隐，forget—forgot —forgotten，see—saw--seen 看见，take—took--taken

不规则动词

2 、不规则动词：

AAA型

原型 过去式 过去分词

burst burst burst ，cast， cost，cut，hit ，hurt，put，set，shut ，spread

AAB型

beat beat beaten

ABA型

become became become，run ran run，come came come 特殊情况

read read read

read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/

ABB型

bring brought brought ，buy， build，burn，catch

ABC型

begin began begun，blow blew blown，break broke broken

choose chose chosen，draw drew drawn，forgive forgave forgiven

用法

（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.

I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)

Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)

He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)

（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.

①for+时段 为。。。。时间

②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）

③since+时段+ago

④since+从句（过去时）

●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）

Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 1998.

●注：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词

come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in

go out----be out

finish----be over

open----be open

die----be dead

………………

★1.have代替buy

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

★2、用keep或have代替borrow

I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

★3、用be替代become

How long has your sister been a teacher?

★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用wear代替put on

b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词

1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill

3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep

5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave

7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut

9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose

c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词

1“be＋on”代start,begin

2“be＋up”代get up

3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to

4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等

d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词

1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to

2.用be in the army 代替join the army

3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to

常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表

常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：

1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.

→have been in sw./at…相应的介词

2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back

3. have come/gone out →have been out

4. have become → have been

5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open

6. have got up → have been up；

7. have died → have been dead；

8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.

9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；

10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；

11. havemarried → have been married；

12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；

13. have begun → have been on

14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had

15. have lost → haven’t had

16. have put on →have worn

17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；

18. have got to know → have known

19. have/has gone to → have been in

20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army

→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…

用法注意

： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.

2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:

He has already obtained a scholarship.

I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).

We have seen that film before.

Have they found the missing child yet ?

3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,

如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:

Have you ever been to Beijing

I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions.

4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用, 如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far.

Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.

There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.

Up to the present everything has been successful.

5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.

We have had four texts this semester.

6.现在完成时的"完成用法"

现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)

现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。

例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？

7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"

现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)

此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。

例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。

8.一段时间+has passed+since从句

9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)

Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。

I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。

10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 gone:去了没回

been to :去过

been in：呆了很久

10.不能与when连用

一般过去时和现在完成时

（ 1 ）、一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“主语+ have/ has + 动词（V.）的过去分词”。 过去时表示过

去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

(2) 、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。

试比较以下几组句子，有什么区别：

① A:Have you seen the film ?

B:Did you see the film ?

分析：你看过这部电影吗？（ A ）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（ B ）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。

② A:How has he done it ?

B:How did he do it ?

分析：他是怎么做的这件事？（ A ）句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；（ B ）句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。 ③ A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .

B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years .

分析：他在北京住了 8 年。（ A ）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。（ B ）句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在已经不在北京了。

（3）现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。

比：I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。（看上去很漂亮） I washed the car a moment ago. 我刚才洗过车了。

She has watered the flowers. 她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了） She watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天浇的花。

I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已经写好了，但还没有寄出。

I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago. 我上周写的那封信，3天前寄出的。

（3）现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。

比：It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5个小时了。 It rained for five hours yesterday. 昨天下了5个小时的雨。 He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了。 He waited for her two hours and then went home. 他等她等了两个小时，然后就回家了。

I have reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我已经复习了两课。（说话时还在上午）

I reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我复习了两课。（说话时已是下午或晚上）

现在完成时与现在完成进行时相同点

1. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作.如:

I have worked in this school since 2001.

I have been working here since 2001.

2. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示一段时间内进行的动作.例如:

Mr. Smith has taught English for 20 years.

Mr. Smith has been teaching English for 20 years.

以上句子用现在完成时与现在完成进行时,含义上没有什么差别,两种时态可以互相换.但两种时态也存在有意义上和用法上的差别.

现在完成时与现在完成进行时不同点

1. 从定义上来看,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与already"已经"或ever "曾经"连用,如:

We have already learnt Module 3.我们已经学习了第三模块. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩.

而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,有可能还要进行下去的动作,一般不与already或ever等连用,如:

We have been learning Module 3. 我们一直在学习第3模块.(不一定学完)

注意下面这组句子含义上的区别:

I have read the novel. 我看过那本书了. (已看完)

I have been reading the novel. (一直在看,不一定看完)

2. 相对于现在完成时表示一次性,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复.如:

I have met him at the library. (我在图书馆见过他.)

I have been meeting him at the library. (我经常在图书馆看见他.)

3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作,但在含义上有区别.现在完成时强调的是动作的结果,而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程.如:

—You look so tired, what have you been doing 你看起来很累,做什么了 (强调动作)

—We are very tired. We've been cleaning the house. 我们很累,我们刚才在打扫房子.(强调该动作所导致)

—We've cleaned the house. You may come in now. 我们打扫过房子了,你可以进来了.(强调结果"房子干净")

4. 现在完成进行时态不能用来谈某个动作的具体次数或几件事情.这时,我们要用现在完成时态.如:

I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.(×) I have drunk five cups of coffee this afternoon.

5. 现在完成时强调"事实";而现在完成进行时则强调"动作",并且常含有喜悦,愤怒,不满,厌恶等感情色彩.如:

The lazy boy has lain in bed for a whole day. 这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天.(强调事实)

The lazy boy has been lying in bed for a whole day. 这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天了.(强调动作,含有对小男孩厌恶的感情色彩)

6. 如果没有时间状语,现在完成进行时有延续性,现在完成时没有.如: I've been cleaning the house but I still haven't finished. I've cleaned the house, but I still haven't finished.(×) 时间状语

现在完成时是一个与过去时间和现在时间都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样特征的时间状语都可以与现在完成时连用，具体情况有以下几种：

1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如“ for ＋段时间”，“ since ＋时间点”。例如：

We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市里已经生活了 40 多年。

We have lived in this city since 1958.

我们从 1958 年起就住在这个城市里。

从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为 stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep 等具有延续性意义的动词。

2. 与笼统表示过去时间的状语连用，如 already, never, ever, just 等。含有这类时间状语的句子，其谓语动词表示句中的行为或动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响。例如：

I've just found this library book.

我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。

have found 这一动作发生在过去，但影响到现在，即现在图书馆的书在我这儿。 just 所表示的“刚才”是与现在有密切相关的过去时间。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.

她唱得多美啊！我从来没听到过比这更优美的歌喉。

never 表示广义的过去，而且一直到目前才截止。

3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如 lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far 等。例如：

How have you been recently ？

你近来状况如何？

The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.

那位著名的作家在过去的两年里写了一本新书。

Have you seen her parents these days?

这些天你看见她的父母了吗？

The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。

注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去时间的状语连用，如 yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago 等，因为它们与现在毫无关联。

比如我们不能说： Han Mei has seen the film two days ago. 因为 two days ago 是单纯指过去的一个时间点，只说明“看”这一动作是在两天前发生的，与现在无关。但是，只要将它改为 since two days ago 就可以用在现在完成时的句子里了，因为它已经含有从过去到现在的时间段的意义了。