英语中单复同形的词语
名词单复数的讲解!!
1. 不规则复数形式
1)来自古英语的复数形式,如:
当代美国英语中往往把data 当做单数用,因此常见到复数形式datas 。另外,lens 是一个单数可数名词,其复数形式为lenses 。
1)词尾读音为[f]并以-f 或0-fe 结尾的名词复数形式有以下几种情况:
a )规则形式:
belief---beliefs chief----chiefs cliff----cliffs grief----griefs
b )不规则形式,即把-f 或-fe 变成-v ,再加-es, 读音为[vz]:
calf---calves half---halves leaf----leaves life----lives
loaf---loaves self---shelves thief---thieves wife---wives
wolf---wolves
c )既可是规则形式又可是不规则形式:
dwarf---dwarfs/dwarves hoof---hoofs/hoves
scarf---scarfs/scarves wharf---wharfs/wharves
3)词干以-o 结尾的名次有三种情况:
a )附属形式为-s :这类词包括缩略词kilos, photos;表示国籍或民族的词Filipinos, Eskimos以及radios, solos, sopranos, studios
b )复数形式为-es ,如:heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, Negroes。
c )复数有规则的和不规则的两种形式,如:
cargo---cargos/cargoes mosquito---mosquitos/mosquitoes volcano---volacbos/volcanoes
2. 单复数同形的名词
1)某些动物名词,如:deer, grouse, salmon, trout, carp, bison, sheep等
2)以-ese 或-ss 结尾的表示民族或国籍的名词,如:Chinses, Japanese, Portuguese, Swiss, Vietnamese 等
3)某些以-s 结尾的名词,如:
barracks,corps,crossroads,gallows,headquarters,means,series,species,works 等
4)某些表示计量单位的名词,如:horsepower, hertz, kilohertz, li, mu等
5) 其他一些名词,如:aircraft, spacercarft, craft, offspring等。其中请特别注意-s 结尾的单复数同形的名词,它们是考试的重点!!
3. 不可数名词
不可数名词前一般不需要加定冠词,永远不能加不定冠词!
例如下列用法均属错误:
the mathematics the banking a cloth an equipment
不可数名词作主语,谓语要用单数形式。
如:Water is important.
但如果不可数名词前面被piece,drop,set 等词修饰时,谓语应该与piece,drop,set 等的单复数形式保持一致。例如:Few drops of water are needed to save the flower.
下面是典型的不可数名词,是应该熟记的!!
air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,water,oil,soup,juice,ink,rain,snow,ice, tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunshine,lightning,thunder,weather,darkness,heat,light,electricity, energy,power,sugar,salt,rice,corn,powder,flour,sand,dust,dirt,garbage,grass,hair,furniture, luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,food,meat,fruit,bread,toast,stone,iron,copper,chalk,
paper,glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry,machinery,weaponry,personnel,scenery,happiness, kindness,honesty,friendship,attention,wisdom,success,courage,bravery,health,wealth,
Ignorance,trouble,ease,luck,laughter,love,peace,news,information,knowledge,intelligence, fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,recreation,relaxation,progress,room,work,
homework,population,percent,mathematics,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology, architecture,physics,photography,ethics,politics,mechanics,genetics,geology,geography, chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,English,measles,mumps,diabetes,malaria,pedia trics,obsterics
请特别注意其中以-s 结尾的不可数名词,大家平时应该积累遇到的不可数名词!!注意下列可数名词!! poet poem essay newspaper machine weapon scene photograph photographer 英语中有许多名词既可作可数,又可作不可数。如:hair作“人或动物的毛”的时候是可数名词,作头发解释时是不可数名词。判断一个词是否可数,除了记忆以外,[color=Red] 主要看题中该名词的修饰词来决定。如:much 只能修饰不可数名词
4. 单数形式和复数形式的词义不同的名词
英语中有些名词的复数形式的词义不同于单数形式,如:
air(空气)---airs(气派, 架势) arm(手臂)---arms(武器)
ash(灰)---ashes(骨灰;废墟) authority(权利)---authorities(当局)
cloth(织物)---clothes(衣服) content(含量)---contents(目录)
custom(习惯)---customs(海关;关税) damage(损害)---damages(赔偿金)
force(力量)---forces(武装部队) glass(玻璃)---glasses(眼镜)
good(利益)---goods(货物) green(绿色)---greens(青菜)
letter(字母)---letters(文学) manner(方式)---manners(举止,仪态)
minute(分钟)---minutes(记录) pain(痛苦)---pains(劳苦)
paper(纸)---papers(文件) quarter(1/4)---quarters(宿舍,住处,岗位)
spectacle(光景)---spectacles(眼镜) spirit(精神)--- spirits(烈性酒)
time(时间)---times(时代) water(水)---waters(水域)
wood(木头)---woods(森林) work(工作)---works(工厂)
总结
1. 单数名词不能单独存在,一般前面应该有限定词修饰。
2. 不定冠词a/an永远只能修饰单数可数名词。
3.every 和each 永远只能修饰单数可数名词。
但every+数词+复数名词是正确的,如:every ten years
4. 序数词后面一般使用单数可数名词。
5.anther 永远只修饰单数可数名词
但another+数词/few+复数名词是正确的,如:another eight years; another few books
6.other 通常修饰复数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。
但the other+is/was 单数名词或any other+单数名词是正确的,如
We have two girls in this team. One is Mary, the other is Alice.
Henry Smith is taller than any other student in his class.
7. 下列词和短语只能修饰复数名词
these,those,many,various,several,numerous,diverse,few,a few,both,a (good/large/great) number of,numbers of,one of
8. 大于1的词数只能修饰复数名词!!牢记的结构:one/two/many+of+限定词+复数名词!! [/color]
9. 只能修饰单数可数名词的词:
one, anther, a/an, this, that, each, every, either, such a, many a!!注意!!many student以及many a student [/b]
10. 只能修饰复数可数名词的词:
>1的数字(two,six.....),hundred, thousand, million, both, several, many, few, a few, these, those, a (good/large/great) number of, numbers of, the number of, numbers of, numerous, various, diverse, a series of, a wide range of, a collection of
11. 只修饰不可数名词的词:
much, little, a litter, a great deal of, a great amount of, a piece of, an article of
12. 既可修饰不可数又能修饰可数的词:
all (of) a lot of some (of) lots of any (of)
plenty of most (of) half (of) a wealth of (a) part of
enough (of) the rest of other one third of such
no a variety of