新课标七年级英语知识点归纳
初中英语
初一(上)
1. 、名词
A) 名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s 。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es 。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为i 再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s 。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o 结尾加s (外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o 的加es :如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f 或fe 结尾的变f 为v 再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police 警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man 或woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类, paper纸 papers 报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works 作品,工厂, glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges 橙子, light光线 lights 灯, people人 peoples 民族, time时间 times 时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s 或‟s。如:Is (I‟s), Ks (K‟s)。但如是缩略词则只加s 。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B )名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:
一)单数在后面加‟s。如:brother‟s, Mike‟s, teacher‟s
二)复数以s 结尾的直接在s 后加,‟如果不是以s 结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers‟ Day教师节, classmates‟; Children‟s Day 六一节, Women‟s Day三八节
三)由and 并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个‟s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben‟s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike‟s and Ben‟s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
四)动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s" ,而常常用介词of 的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2、代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a 和an 。a 用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.
a 或an 与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat. 这是一只猫。
It's an English book. 这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。
the 既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。 Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
4、动词
A ) 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s ,如下:
一)一般在词后加s 。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es 。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为i 再加es 。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s 。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o 结尾加es 。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B ) 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
一)一般在后加ing 。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying,
watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不发音e 的结尾的去掉e 再加ing 。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing 。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie 结尾的变ie 为y 再加ing 。如:tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于
5、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:
一) 一般在词后加er 或est(如果是以e 结尾则直接加r 或st) 。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三) 以辅音字母+y 结尾的变y 为i 加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
6、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th ;y 结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1. 陈述句
肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词) b) He looks very young. (连系动词) c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词) d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词) e) There‟s a computer on my desk. (There be结构) 否定陈述句 a) These aren‟t their books. b) They don‟t look nice. c) Kate doesn‟t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can‟t find her doll. e) There isn‟t a cat here. (=There‟s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let‟s learn English! c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don‟t be late. b) Don‟t hurry.
3. 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading? 肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn‟t. b) No, you can‟t. c) No, she doesn‟t. d) No, they don‟t. e) No, she isn‟t.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It‟s big./ It‟s small.
3) 特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected]. ⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What‟s the time? (=What time is it?) It‟s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o‟clock. When do you want to go? Let‟s go at 7:00.
⑦ 问地方 Where‟s my backpack? It‟s under the table.
⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. What‟s your favourite color? It‟s black.
⑨ 问人物 Who‟s that? It‟s my sister. Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn‟t at school? Peter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What‟s this/that (in English)? It‟s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11问姓名 What‟s your aunt‟s name? Her name is Helen./She‟s Helen.
What‟s your first name? My first name‟s Ben. What‟s your family name? My family name‟s Smith. 12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 问字母 What letter is it? It‟s big D/small f.
14 问价格 How much are these pants? They‟re 15 dollars.
15 问电话号码 What‟s your phone number? It‟s 576-8349.
16 问谓语(动作) What‟s he doing? He‟s watching TV.
17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I‟m a teacher. What‟s your father? He‟s a doctor.
4. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个" 存在" 句型,表示" 有" 的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be 动词单复数的确定,看be 后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be 动词形式为is ;当所接主语为复数名词时,be 动词为are ;当be 动词后接两个以上主语时,be 动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为" 某地有某人或某物" 。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
(1)there be的否定句,即在be 的后面加上not 。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be 提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't. 没有。
There be/ have
There be "有" ,其确切含意为" 某处或某时存在某人或某物。" 其结构是:There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语,be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致,be 动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is ,名词是复数时用are 。例如:
(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。
(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。
(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。
总之,There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的" 有" 。have 表示" 拥有,占有,具有" ,即:某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:
(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。
(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。
三、时态
1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:
Be 动词:S he‟s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn‟t a worker.
情态动词:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can‟t play the piano.
行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don‟t want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn‟t have a watch.
2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I‟m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I‟m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn‟t writing a leter。They‟re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren‟t listening to the pop music.
be good at doing sth :擅长做某事
be good with sb :对某人好
help sb (to) do sth :帮助某人做某事
help each other :互相帮助
tell sb to do sth :告诉某人做某事
tell sb about sth :告诉某人有关的事
ask sb to do sth :叫某人做某事
buy sth for sb :为某人买某物 例:I buy a white sweater for my mother .
buy sth from sb : 从某人处买来某物 例:I buy a white sweater from clothes store .
sell sth to sb :卖某物给某人 例:I sell a white sweater to Wang Ming .
一、词汇
⑪ 单词
1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示" 在……中" , " 在……内" 。例如:
in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示" 在……上" 。例如:
on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示" 在……下" 。例如:
under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示" 在……后面" 。例如:
behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示" 在……附近" 。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示" 在……处" 。例如:
at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的" 。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图
2.some 和any
①在肯定句中用some. 例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any 。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑫记住它们的特殊用法。
①some 亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如: Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗?
②any 也可用于肯定句中,表示" 任何的" 。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any 的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
3.this/that/these/those
(1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,these 是this 的复数形式。that 常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事,those 时that 的复数形式。例如:
You look in this box and I‟ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒子。
I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。
Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去。
This is mine; that‟s yours. 这个是我的,那个是你的。
These are apples; those are oranges. 这些是苹果,那些是橘子。
(2)在打电话的用语中,this 常常指的是我,that 常常指的是对方。例如:
This is Mary speaking. Who‟s that? 我是玛丽。你是谁?
4. look/ see/ watch
(1)look 表示“看、瞧”,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒对方注意。,如: Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏。
Look! What‟s that over there? 看!那边那个是什么?
单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人/物,其后接介词at ,才能带宾语,如:
He‟s looking at me。他正在看着我。
(2)see强调“看”的结果,着重的是look 这个动作的结果,意思是“看到”,see 是及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语。如: What can you see in the picture? 你能在图上看到什么?
Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?
(3)watch“观看,注视”,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动,强调过程,常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如:
Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。
5. put on/ / in
put on意为“穿上,戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。
in 是介词,表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如:
It‟s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷,穿上你的外衣。
He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子,走了出去。
The woman in a white blouse is John‟s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John 的妈妈。
6 fine, nice, good, well
四者都可用作形容词表示" 好" 之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于:
(1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的" 精细" ,形容人时表示的是" 身体健康" ,也
可以用来指" 天气晴朗" 。例如:
Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。
That's a fine machine. 那是一台很好的机器。
It's a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好时候。
(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表,有" 美好" ," 漂亮" 的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如:
Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。
These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。
Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。
It's very nice of you. 你真好。
(3)good形容人时指" 品德好" ,形容物时指" 质量好" ,是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如:
Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。
The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。
(4)well只可用来形容人的" 身体好" ,但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如: I'm very well, thanks. 我身体很好,谢谢。
My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。
7.family
family 看作为一个整体时,意思是" 家庭" ,后面的谓语动词be 用单数形式 is ;如把family 看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be 应用are 。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family 强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home 指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house 指" 家" 、" 房屋" ,侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。 My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。 It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
8. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little 常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little 还可表示否定意义,意为" 少的" ,加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
初一(下)
一.重点短语
1. a bottle of 2. a little 3. a lot (of) 4. all day 5. be from 6. be over 7. come back
8. come from 9. do one‟s homework 10. do the shopping
11. get down 12. get home 13. get to 14. get up 15. go shopping
16. have a drink of 17. have a look 18. have breakfast / lunch/supper
21. listen to 22. not…at all 23. put…away 24. take off 25. throw it like that
26. would like 27. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening
29. on a farm 30. in a factory
二.重要句型
1. Let sb. do sth.
2. Could sb. do sth.?
3. would like sth.
4. would like to do sth.
5. What about something to eat?
6. How do you spell …?
7. May I borrow…?
三.辨析
1. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.
That‟s right意为“对的”,表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为,肯定对方的答案或判断。例如:
"I think we must help the old man.""我想我们应该帮助这位老人。"
"That's right."或 "You're right.""说得对" 。
That‟s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”,用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如:
"Many thanks." "That's all right."
"Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right."
All right.意为“行了”、“可以”,表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”
"Please tell me about it." "请把此事告诉我。"
"All right.""好吧。"
Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗
2. say/speak/talk/tell
say :是最口语化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出”、“说道”,着重所说的话。如:
“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说,“我要坐汽车到那里去。”
Please say it in English .请用英语说。
speak : “说话”,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语 ) 。如:
Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况?
I don‟t like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。
speak 作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如:
She speaks English well.她英语说得好。
talk : 与 speak 意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,因此,一般也只用作不及物动词, 不过,talk 暗示话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话。如:
I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。
Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。
tell : “告诉”,除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语。如:
He‟s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。
tell a lie 撒谎
tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.
Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.
3. do cooking/ do the cooking
do cooking 作“做饭”解,属泛指。do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking 为动名词,不能用作复数,但前面可用 some, much修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语:
do some washing 洗些衣服 do some shopping 买些东西 do some reading 读书
do some writing 写些东西 do some fishing 钓鱼
从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用some, much或定冠词。
go shopping 去买东西 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船 go swimming 去游泳
4. like doing sth./ like to do sth.
like doing sth. 与like to do sth. 意思相同,但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性;后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如:
He likes playing football, but he doesn„t like to play football with Li Ming.
他喜欢踢足球,但是他不喜欢和李明踢。
5. other/ others/ the other/ another
other 表其余的,别的,
Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?
others 别的人,别的东西
In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是
美国人, 其他的是法国人。
the other表另一个(二者之中)one…,the other…
One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.
我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文, 另一个学中文。
another 表三者以上的另一个,另一些
There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。
6. in the tree/ on the tree
in the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为" 在树上" 但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事(不属于树本身生长出的别的东西)落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时,要使用on the tree.如:
There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。
There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。
7. some/ any
(1)some和 any 既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要
注意。
some 常用于肯定句中,any 常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:
There is some water in the glass.
Is there any water in the glass?
There isn't any water in the glass.
(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用some 。如:
Would you like some tea?
8. tall/ high
(1)说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,主要用tall ,不用high ,例如
a tall woman 一个高个子妇女
a tall horse 一个高大的马
(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用high ,而不用tall ,比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,例如: He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。
The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高。
(3)指建筑物、山时要tall 或high 都可以,不过high 的程度比tall 高。
(4)high可作副词,tall 不能。
(5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.
9. can/ could
(1) can表示体力和脑力方面的能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作的" 能力
" 。例如:
Can you ride a bike? 你会骑自行车吗?
What can I do for you? 要帮忙吗?
Can you make a cake?你会做蛋糕吗?
(2) can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的" 怀疑"" 猜测" 或不肯定。例如:
Where can he be?他会在什么地方呢?
Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗?
It surely can't be six o'clock already?不可能已经六点钟了吧?
You can't be hungry so soon,Tom ,you've just had lunch.汤姆,你不可能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午饭。
What can he mean?他会是什么意思?
在日常会话中,can 可代替may 表示" 允许" ,may 比较正式。例如:
You can come in any time.你随时都可以来。
--- Can I use your pen?我能用你的钢笔吗?
--- Of course,you can.当然可以。
You can have my seat,I'm going now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。
(3) could
could 是 can 的过去式,表示过去有过的能力和可能性(在否定和疑问句中)。例如:
The doctor said he could help him.(能力)医生说他能帮助他。
Lily could swim when she was four years old.(能力)
当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。
At that time we thought the story could be true.(可能性)
那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。
could可代替can 表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为婉转。例如:
Could I speak to John,please ?我能和约翰说话吗?
Could you?在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如:
Could you wait half an hour?请你等半个小时好吗?
Could you please ring again at six?六点钟请你再打电话好吗?
(4) can的形式
只有现在式can 和过去式could 两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态(包括将来时)须用be able to加动词不定式来表示。例如:
They have not been able to come to Beijing.
他们没有能到北京来。
10. look for/ find
look for 意为“寻找”,而find 意为“找到,发现”,前者强调“找”这一动作,并不注重“找”的结果,而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如:
She can‟t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。
Tom is looking for his watch,but he can‟t find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表,但没能找到。
11. be sleeping/ be asleep
be sleeping 表示动作,意思是“正在睡觉”;be asleep 表示状态,意思是“睡着了”。如:
---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子们在房间里做什么?
---They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。
The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。
12. often/ usually/sometimes
often 表示" 经常" ,sometimes 表示" 有时候" ,在表示发生频率上often 要高于usually ,usually 要高于sometimes 。这三个词表示的是经常性,一般性的动作或情况,常与一般现在时连用,常位于主要谓语动词的前面,其他谓语动词(be 动词,情态动词和助动词)的后面,有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气,则放在句首。
We usually play basketball after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。
Sometimes I go to bed early.有时,我睡觉很早。
He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。
13. How much/ How many
how much常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是How much is / are…?
How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱?
How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱?
how much后加不可数名词,表示数量,意为“多少“,how many后加可数名词的复数形式。
How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀?
How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少人?
14. be good for/ be good to/ be good at
be good for 表示" 对……有好处" ,而be bad for表示" 对……有害" ;be good to表示" 对……友好" ,而be bad to表示" 对……不好" ;be good at表示" 擅长,在……方面做得好" ,而be bad at表示" 在……方面做得不好" 。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。
Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。
The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。
Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅长画画,但是我不擅长。
15. each/ every
each 和every 都有" 每一个" 的意思,但含义和用法不相同。each 从个体着眼,every 从整体着眼。each 可用于两者或两
者以上,every 只用于三者或三者以上。
We each have a new book.
我们每人各有一本新书。
There are trees on each side of the street.
街的两旁有树。
He gets up early every morning.
每天早晨他都起得早。
each 可以用作形容词、副词和代词;every 只能用作形容词。
Each of them has his own duty.
他们各人有各人的义务。
They each want to do something different.
他们每个人都想做不同的事情。
16. 一般现在时/现在进行时
一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力,还有自然现象;而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作(构成方式为am/is /are/+doing)。
I do my homework in the evening.
我在晚上做作业。
I'm doing my homework now.
我现在正在做作业。
现在进行时常与now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等词连用;而一般现在时常与often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等连用。
We often clean the classroom after school.
我们经常放学后打扫教室。
Look! They are cleaning the classroom .
看!他们正在打扫教室呢。