可数名词和不可数名词的讲解和练习

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可数名词和不可数名词

英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物，它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词指的就是在数量上可以计数，可以数出数量的事物；所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。

可数名词在他之前可以加上冠词a/an。而不可数名词前面是不可以直接家冠词的。可数名词变为复数形式有如下变化规律：

a ．一般情况下，直接加-s ，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和

元音后读[z]。

b ．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es ，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：

[iz]。

c ．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y 为i, 再加-es ，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：[z]。

d ．以“f或fe”结尾，变f 或fe 为v, 再加-es ，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves ；读音：[z]。 e ．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况

1）有生命的+es 读音：[z] 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes

2) 无生命的+s 读音：[z] 如：photo-photos radio-radios

f. 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people。

除此之外，还有一部分名词单复数同形，如：

fish 鱼，deer 鹿，sheep 绵羊，works （工厂），means 手段，Swiss 瑞士人，Chinese 中国人，news 新闻，goods 商品

有一些名词则只有复数形式：

trousers 裤子，pants 裤子，shorts 短裤 glasses 眼镜，compasses 圆规，scales 天平，pliers 钳子，clips 剪子

“某国人”的复数有三种类型：

（1）Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形，不需加s ；

（2）Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men ；

（3）其他各国人以–an, -ian收尾的均直接加s 。如：Americans, Australians, Indians等。 可依照这个口诀记忆：中日不变，英法变，其他”s”加后面。

不可数名词一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ，若要表示它的个体意义时，一般需要将其量化。

不可数名词如何量化：就是在不可数名词前面加上“数词+量词+of”，比如：

a piece of bread（ paper(纸), cloth(布), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信

息), , meat(肉) ）

an item of information 一则情报 a slip of paper 一张纸条

a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一块肥皂

a tube of tooth-paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 等。

当量词可数，且前面的数词大于一时，量词需要用复数形式，

如two bottles of water 两瓶水 two pieces of paper 两张纸 等；

同时，可数名词也有相应用法，如：a box of apples 一箱苹果 six boxes of apples 六箱

苹果 等。

最常见的不可数名词有：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture（家具）, hair, homework,

information, knowledge, luggage（行李）, money, news, progress, traffic

其它不可数名词还有：absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure,

fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow,

technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, world等。

上面提到的可数名词和不可数名词并不是一成不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义，

名词也不例外，同是一个词在一种情况下是可数名词，而在另一种场合却是不可数名词，

如：可数名词: a tin 一只罐头 a relation 亲属 an iron 一把熨斗 a democracy民主国家 a

glass 一只玻璃杯 a beauty美人，美的东西 A wood 一片树林 a power

不可数名词: tin 锡 relation 关系 Iron 铁 democracy 民主 glass 玻璃 beauty 美 Wood

木头 power 威力，电力。

我们讨论名词的落脚点在, 当名词充当主语时, 谓语动词在人称、数等方面必须与其保持

一致--即" 主谓一致性" 的问题。

可数名词不可数名词练习题

一、 写出下列名词的复数形式

1、2、class 、text 4、5、6、

7、shelf 、bed 、

10、family 11、toy 12、foot

13、、15、

16、army 17、18、fox

19、woman 、knife 、

二、选择填空

1. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen

C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans

already.

A. two bread B. two breads

C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread

.

A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple

C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples

A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish

5.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.

A. teacher B.teacher‟s C.teachers‟ D.teachers

6. In Britain _____ are all painted red.

A. letter boxes B.letters boxes C. letter box D.letters box

7.There are_____ birds in that big tree.

A. hundreds of B. five hundreds of

C. five hundred of D. hundred of

8. I want to buy ________.

A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks

D. two bottles of inks

9. They don‟t have to do _______ today.

A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework

D. much homeworks

10. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.

A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep

D. cow, sheeps

11. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white.

A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is

D. are, are

12. I‟d like to have a glass of milk and _______.

A. two breads B. two pieces of

breads

C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread

13. He bought _______.

A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes

C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe

Few, a few, little, a little专项练习

( ) 1. This is a very old song, so _________ young people know it.

a. few b. little c. a few d. a little

( ) 2 . There aren‟t many oranges here, but you can take _________ if you want to.

a. few b. a few c. a little d. little

( ) 3. Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic, so it will take us

___________ time to go to Pudong International Airport.

a. a few b. fewer c. a little d. less

( ) 4.There is _____ ink in my pen. Would you give me______?

a. little/ a little b. a little/ little c. few/ a few d. a few/ few

( ) 5.Mr Smith is quite busy today. He has _________ meetings to attend. a. little b. a little c. few d. a few

( ) 6. I‟m sorry. The room is ____ small to hold so many people. Would you please wait outside?

a. so b. such c. very d. too

( ) 7. Danny is ____ that he wants to go to the fitness camp this summer holiday. a. such fat b. so a fat boy c. such a fat boy d. so fat boy

( ) 8. How can you make a trip with so _____ money?

a. few b. a few c. little . a little

( ) 9. There is _____ milk in the fridge, so we „ll go to the supermarket and buy some.

a. little b. a little c. few d. a few

( ) 10.The house has ____ many rooms that it was hard to find a way out. a. such b. so c. very d. too

( ) 11.If you don‟t work _____, you‟ll fail in the exam.

a. enough hard b. hardly enough c. hard enough d. enough hardly

( ) 12.I‟m _____ make a phone call to my friends. I have a lot of work to do. a. too busy to b. so busy that c, so busy to d. too busy that

( ) 13. There are only _____ students in the classroom. Where are the others. a. a few b. few c. a little d. little

( ) 14. These days ___ young people like listening to the music with their mp4 A, a few b a little c. quite a few d. quite a little

( ) 15.Now people can learn _____ information from the Internet

a. a few b. a lot c. much d. many

( ) 16. Paul has made a lot of kites, but ____ can fly in the sky.

a. little b. a little c. few d. a few

( ) 17.It was _____ that all the members of the club went out for an outing. a. such fine a day b. a very fine day c. a fine day d. so fine a day.

( ) 18. Could you show me how to do the word processing? Sorry, I know _____ about it.

a. a few b. a little c. few d. little