浅谈英语财经新闻报道的语言特点

一、引言

从内容方面讲，财经报道（financial coverage）是有关经济、商业、金融和消费等各个方面的热点新闻，如股市走向、石油价格、货币汇率、黄金期货等问题的报道。财经报道的主要功能是传递信息。要想准确掌握财经报道所传递的及时信息，既要有一定的专业知识，还应该对这类报道的语言运用规律和特征有所了解。由此，笔者以《金融时报》中文网站的双语阅读栏目为蓝本，从以下几方面对英语财经报道的语言特点进行概括。

二、词汇特点

（一）大量使用专业术语

英语财经报道属于专业性较强的新闻报道，因此，其词汇特征之一就是专业术语或专有名词多，具有其特殊含义。例如：equity investment（股权投资）bridging loans（过桥贷款）promissory notes（本票）the hedge fund sector（对冲基金业）stock picking（选股）cashequities（现金股权）exchangetraded funds（交易型开放式指数基金）等等。

原文：Large corporations can usually obtain the funds they need for expansion from equity of bond issues. Many small and medium-size companies can not； and even large concerns may need bridging loans.

译文：大公司通常能够通过发行证券或者债券获得扩张的资本，而很多中小型公司却没办法办到，甚至大公司也有可能需要过桥贷款。

“bridgingloan”是一个经济术语，其意思是“过桥贷款”或“搭桥贷款”，是指金融机构甲方拿到贷款项目之后，由于暂时缺乏资金没有运转能力，于是找金融机构乙方商量，让它帮忙发放资金，等甲方资金到位后，乙方则退出。这笔贷款对于乙方而言，即过桥贷款。“equityissue”和“bondissue”皆为专有名词，意为“股票发行”“债券发行”。通过上述讨论这个句子，可见英语财经报道中专业词多这一词汇特点。

（二）专业术语通俗化

原文：Serious businesspeople are again bandying about the w ord“co-opetition”?Cwhoseuglinessreflects thepotential awkwardness of the working trucebetween swornenemies it describes.

译文：较真的商界人士又开始炒作“竞争合作”（co-opetition）一词――这个词的险恶之处在于，它反映了宿敌停战后的尴尬关系。

co-opetition指“竞争合作”。一般读者可能对该名词不太了解，所以文中进行了解释：whose ugliness reflects the potential awkwardness of the working truce between sworn enemies it describes.该定语从句解释了企业合作过程中所产生的一个新名词：“竞争合作”，从句的先行词为co-opetition，引导词为疑问代词whose，从句部分将两家合作企业比喻成战场上的敌人，将合作行为喻为休战，形象生动的为读者解释了这种企业合作的真正性质。

（三）对比性动词使用

财经报道经常用对比手法描述经济下降或上升发展趋势，旨在使报道客观、可信，更具有说服力。最常见的是使用“decrease”，“increase”等表示下降，上升。然而，为了增强文章的可读性、趣味性，记者偏爱选用简短有力、形象生动地词语。若要描述财经形式呈下降趋势，除经常使用“decrease”外，还偏爱选用cut，drop，fall，dive，dip，lunge等；相反，若描述财经形式呈上升趋势，还可选用rise，advance，fly，inch up，notch up，soar，gain等相应的名词或词组。请看下面例子：

例1：Existing home sales dropped 1.9 per cent to a 5.29m annual rate，the National Association of Realtors said on Monday，falling short of the 5.3m that was expected.

例2：Mortgage rates rose sharply over the summer from their historic lows.

例1用drop表示成屋销售量下降，例二用rise描述抵押贷款利率上升的趋势，同时借助程度副词sharply的修饰，给人以具体、形象、生动、真实的感觉。

三、修辞手法的使用

（一）比喻

比喻即打比方，主要是用跟甲事物有相似之点的乙事物来描写或说明甲事物。其结构通常由本体、喻体和比喻词三部分组成。比喻分为明喻、暗喻、借喻等，能够起到化平淡为生动、化深奥为浅显、化抽象为具体的作用。在英语财经报道中运用比喻修辞手法可增加文章的可读性。 原文：But，as ever，cultural and structural problems have sometimespromptedthem tolookaway：preciselybecauseETFs（Exchange Traded Funds） have been labelled as“safe”and“transparent”bytheindustry，theyhavenot featuredasadanger spot on risk managers’radar screens.

译文：但事实往往是：文化和结构问题有时转移了他们的视线。恰恰因为业内标榜ETF是一种“安全”和“透明”的产品，所以在风险管理者们的雷达监控屏幕上，这种产品没有被视作一个重要的危险点。

本句话在描述行业对ETF的认知时没有使用recognize或award而是使用label“贴标签”这一动词，显得十分生动形象。另外，在描述ETF不被认为是有风险的产品时，巧用比喻，把它比作是雷达监控屏幕上的一个危险信号。

（二）典故

原文：Despite Chinese rhetoric about wanting to diversify its official reserves away from the dollar，recently revised figures from the US Treasury suggest that the world’s largest creditor country is finding the task pretty much on a par with Sisyphus’s efforts to push the boulder uphill.

译文：尽管中国声称想要减持美元资产、实现官方储备多元化，但美国财政部近期修正后的数字显示，这个全球最大的债权国正认识到：此项任务几乎与西西弗斯（Sisyphus）推巨石上山的努力一样徒劳无望。

这个典故源自希腊神话人物“Sisyphus”，因触犯了众神，诸神为了惩罚西西弗斯，便要求他把一块巨石推上山顶，而由于巨石太重了，每每未上山顶就又滚下山去，前功尽弃。原文作者借用这一典故欲在说明将中国想要减持美元资产，实现官方储备多元化这项任务困难重重，徒劳无望，借用典故，增加了文章的可读性。

（三）夸张

原文：Markets and politicians are deeply worried that the UK economy is not growing，which means we cannot dig ourselves out of the financial hole we have been in for the past few years.

译文：市场与政客们对英国萎靡的经济现况倍感焦虑，这也就意味着我们无法将自己从这个陷入多年的金融深渊中解救出来。

Dig以及financialhole形象地写出了深陷金融问题的英国对于现状的无奈，夸张的手法立即吸引了读者的注意力。

（四）对比

对比是把两种不同事物或者同一事物的两个方面，放在一起相互比较的一种修辞手法。英语财经报道时常接触到数字，但是，数字毕竟是一种抽象化了的概念，普通读者对数字的接受能力又受到行业不同的限制。如果只是简单地罗列某些绝对数据，不进行深度加工，将没办法向普通读者提供具有参照价值的相对信息，影响信息传递。因此，财经报道经常要使用对比手法，通过对比向读者提供简单明了，通俗形象、具有参照价值的相对数据，以阐明新闻事件的本质及内在规律，反映某种趋势或倾向，从而引起读者重视。

原文：China’sholdingsofUSTreasury securitiesattheend of December turned out last week to be a whopping 30 per cent higher than earlier official estimates，emerging at $1，160bn compared with $895bn a year before.

译文：相关数字显示，截至去年12月底，中国总计持有1.16万亿美元的美国国债，比先前官方估计的数字高出30%之多。前年年底时，中国持有8950亿美元的美国国债。

记者通过纵向对比今年和去年的统计数据表明，中国持有美国国债逐年增加的趋势，更加表明了中国想要减持美元资产这一任务的困难性。这类手法经常出现在英语财经报道中，说明对比手法在英语财经报道中存在的合理性。

四、句法特点

（一）句子较长，结构松散

财经新闻报道信息量大，但又受版面，时间的限制，因此，使用的句子一般较长，结构复杂松散，插入成分多。例如：

原文：Fractional reserve banking，as it was called，was possible if most of the banks engaged in this practice together，so it did not much matter if money“created”by one bank was deposited with another.

译文：如果大量银行参与进来，部分准备金银行制度就成为了可能，因此，一家银行“创造”的货币成为另一家银行的存款就不是什么大不了的事情。

句子基本结构为Fractional reserve banking was possible„so it did not much matter if money„；其中as it was called为插入成分，if most of the banks为条件状语从句，so引导结果状语从句，if money“created”by one bank也是条件状语从句，句子显得复杂难懂。

（二）引语特点

财经报道为了增强文章内容的可信度及说服力，经常引用权威机构或专业财经人士的话。

原文：“Affordability has fallen to a five-year low as home price increases easily outpaced income growth，”said Lawrence Yun，NAR chief economist.

译文：NAR首席经济学家Lawrence Yun表示：“房价可承受程度下滑至5年低点，因房价涨幅远远超过收入增幅。”

上例中引用全美地产经纪商协会（NationalAssociationof Realtors）首席经济学家劳伦斯?云（Lawrence Yun）的话，揭示了房价可承受程度下滑的真正原因是涨幅远远超过收入增幅，更权威，更具有说服力。

五、结语

综上所述，财经新闻报道不仅具有一般新闻的特点，如时效性等，还具有其独特的文体特点，如内容专业化，术语性强。为了激发读者的阅读兴趣，英语财经新闻报道在语言运用层面上具有其独有的特征。熟悉和了解这些语言特征能帮助读者更及时、更有效地获取读者所需的财经资讯。

One, the introduction

In terms of content, financial reports, financial coverage) is related to many aspects, such as economic, commercial, financial, and consumption of hot news, such as stock market, the price of oil, the currency, gold futures and other issues. The main function is to pass information to financial report. To accurately grasp the financial report has already passed the information in time, should not only have certain professional knowledge, should also be on the law of language use and characteristics of such reports. As a result, the author in the financial times Chinese website columns based on bilingual reading, and from the following several aspects of the

language features of English financial report.

Second, the characteristics of vocabulary

(a) extensive use of jargon

English financial report belongs to the news reports of professional stronger, therefore, their vocabulary is one of the characteristics of professional terms or a proper noun, has its special meaning. For example: equity investment (equity) bridging loans (bridge loans) promissory notes (notes), the hedge fund sector (industry) stock picking (stock) cashequities (cash equity) exchangetraded funds (etfs) and so on.

Original: Large (can usually obtain the funds they need for expansion from equity of bond issues, Many small and medium - size companies can not; And even large concerns may need bridging loans.

Big companies often can capital through the issuance of securities or bonds for expansion, and many small and medium-sized companies but can't do it, even large companies may need bridging loans.

"Bridgingloan" is an economic term, its meaning is "bridge loans" or "bridge loans", refers to the financial institutions after party a to get the loan, due to the lack of money temporarily no operational capacity, and consult with an financial institutions to party b, and let it help to dole out money, funds in place such as party a, party b is out. The loan for party b, the bridging loans. "Equityissue" and "bondissue" is a proper noun, meaning "offering""issue". Through the above discussion, this sentence is English financial report more professional words in the vocabulary features.

(2) professional term popularization

Original text: Serious businesspeople are again bandying about the w word "co - opetition"? Cwhoseuglinessreflects thepotential awkwardness of the working trucebetween swornenemies it describes.

The truer businessmen began to hype "competition cooperation" (co - opetition) a word, the word sinister is that it reflects the enemy after the armistice awkward relationship.

Co - opetition refers to "competition cooperation". General readers may have no idea about the noun, so this paper explained: whose ugliness reflects the potential awkwardness of the working truce between sworn enemies it describes. The attributive clause explains enterprise cooperation in the course of a new word: "competition cooperation" clause of the antecedent of co - opetition, interrogative pronoun whose guide words, clauses part compares two cooperation companies into the enemy on the battlefield, the cooperative behavior as a truce, vivid for the readers to explain the true nature of the business cooperation.

(3) the comparative verb

Financial reports contrast methods often used to describe the development trend of economic decline or rise, aims to make the reports objective, credible, more persuasive. The most common is the use of www.yinuoboni.com"decrease", "happens" said down, rise. However, in order to enhance the readability of the article, interesting, reporters prefer to choose short and vivid words. To describe the financial form a downward trend, except often use "decrease", also prefer to choose the cut, the drop, fall, dive, dip, lunge, etc. On the contrary, if the description form of finance and economics is on the rise, also can choose rise, advance, fly, inch up, notch up, soar execution, gain, etc. The corresponding noun or phrase. Please look at the following example:

Case 1: Existing home sales dropped to 1.9 per cent to a 5.29 m annual rate, the National Association of Realtors said on Monday, falling short of the 5.3 m that was expected.

Example 2: Mortgage rates rose sharply over the summer the from their historic lows.

Case 1 with drop said sales of existing homes fell, the two cases with rise to describe the trend of rising mortgage rates, decorated with the aid of degree adverbs sharply at the same time, give a person with concrete, vivid, vivid, true feeling.

Third, the use of rhetorical devices

(a) the analogy

Metaphor metaphors, main is to use something similar to a matters of point b to describe or explain things. Its structure is usually consists of ontology, metaphors and metaphor word of three parts. Metaphor is divided into simile, metaphor, metaphors appear, etc., can rise the insipid for vivid and deep to shallow, abstract to concrete. Using metaphor rhetoric in English financial report can increase the readability of the article. Original text: But, as (, cultural and structural problems have sometimespromptedthem tolookaway: preciselybecauseETFs (Exchange Traded Funds) have had been labelled as "safe" and "transparent" bytheindustry, theyhavenot featuredasadanger spot on risk managers' radar screens.

But the truth is often: cultural and structural problems sometimes transfer their line of sight. Precisely because the industry brand ETF is a kind of "safe" and "transparent" products, so the risk managers' radar screen, this product has not been seen as an important part of the dangerous points.

This sentence in the cognition of ETF described industry without using recognize or award, but to use the label "label" this verb, appear very vivid. In addition, in the description of the ETF is not considered risky products, using a metaphor, compare it to is a dangerous signal radar screen.

(2) allusions

Original: Despite Chinese rhetoric about wanting to diversify its official reserves away from the dollar, recently revised figures from the US Treasury suggest that the world 's largest creditor country is finding the task pretty much on a par with Sisyphus's efforts to push the boulder uphill.

Translation: although China claimed that want to implement the official reserve holdings of dollar assets, diversified,www.lytlgy.com www.islufax.com but the Treasury recently revised figures, the world's biggest creditor is recognized that the task is almost as Sisyphus, Sisyphus pushing stone up the hill as much effort.

The allusions derived from the Greek myth of Sisyphus "characters, by breaking the gods, the gods to punish Sisyphus, then ask him to push a boulder to the top of the mountain, and because of the stone is too heavy, often rolled down the hill was not on the top of the mountain, unthreatening. The original writer of the allusion to the instructions will be China wants to reduce its dollar assets, the task difficult, diversifying official reserves in vain hopeless, use of allusions, increases the readability of the article.

(3) the hyperbole

Original: Markets and politicians are deeply worried that the UK pa is not growing, which means we always dig ourselves out of the financial hole, we have had in the past what years.

The markets and politicians for Britain's flagging economic status anxiety, this means that we are unable to transform itself from the years of financial abyss.

Dig and financialhole vividly wrote in the depths of the financial problem of the British to

the status quo, exaggeration immediately attract the reader's attention.

(4) compared to

Contrast is the two kinds of different things or two aspects of the same things, put together is a kind of rhetorical devices of each other. English financial report often come into contact with the Numbers, however, the concept of digital, after all, is a kind of abstraction, the average reader's ability to accept digital and subject to the conditions of different industry. If simply listed some absolute data, in-depth processing, will be unable to provide ordinary readers has the reference value of the relative information, information transfer. Financial reports, therefore, often to use contrast methods, by contrast to provide simple and clear to the readers, the popular image, has the reference value of relative data, to clarify the nature of news events and inherent law, reflect a trend or tendencies, thus to the attention of the reader.

The original: China 'sholdingsofUSTreasury securitiesattheend of another awarding turned out last week to be a whopping 30 per cent who earlier official estimates, emerging at $1160 bn compared with $895 bn a year before.

Related digital display, by the end of December last year, China held a total of $1.16 trillion in us treasuries, as much as 30% more than the previous official estimates. By the end of the year before last, China held $895 billion in us treasuries.

Reporter through the vertical contrast this year and last year's statistics show that China's holdings of U.S. Treasury bonds increasing trend year by year, more show that China wants to reduce its dollar assets by the difficulty of the task. This kind of gimmick frequently appeared in the English financial report, shows that contrast methods the rationality of the existing in the financial reports in English.

Four, syntactic features

(a) a longer sentences, the structure is loose

Financial news reports informative, but the layout again, time constraints, therefore, the use of sentences usually longer, complex structure is loose, and insert the composition. Such as:

The Fractional reserve banking, as it was called, was possible if most of the Banks engaged in this practice together, so it did not much matter if money "created" by one bank was deposited with another.

If a large number of Banks involved, fractional reserve banking becomes possible, therefore, a bank "creation" of currency into another bank deposit, it is not a big deal.

Sentence structure for Fractional reserve banking was possible... So it did not much matter if money...www.fjruanmo.com www.xmtfs.net ; Among them as it was called to insert elements, if most of the Banks as an adverbial clause of condition, so to guide an adverbial clause of result, if money "created" by one bank is also a conditional adverbial clauses, sentence is complicated.

(2) the quotation

Financial reports in order to improve the credibility of the content and persuasive, often quoted authorities or finance professionals.

Original text: "Affordability has fallen to a five - year low as home price - easily outpaced income growth," said Lawrence Yun, NAR devoted economist.

NAR chief economist Lawrence Yun said: "the degree of affordable housing prices fell to a five-year low, because of price is much higher than revenue growth."

The example cited in the national association of Realtors (NationalAssociationof Realtors) chief economist Lawrence? Cloud (Yun), reveals the degree of affordable housing prices decline in

the real reason is to rise far more than income growth, more authoritative, more persuasive.

Five, the conclusion

To sum up, financial news report not only has the characteristics of general news, such as timeliness, also has its unique stylistic features, such as content specialization, the term. In order to arouse the reader's reading interest, English financial news report has its unique characteristics in language use level. Familiar with and understand these linguistic features can help readers more timely and effectively to obtain financial information needed for the reader.