英文版气体污染物排放标准

THE ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARD

OF

THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Comprehensive Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB 16297-1996)

1. 1.1 1.2

1.2.1

Main Content and Scope of Application Main Content

This standard stipulates emission limits and implementation requirements for 33 air pollutants.

Scope of Application

This comprehensive standard applies to all air pollutant producers and emitters including institutions and private businesses. Under the present air emission regulation system, according to the principle that the comprehensive standard and a source-specific standard cannot simultaneously apply to an air pollutant emission source, all air pollutant emission sources must comply with the comprehensive standard, with the exception that industrial boilers comply with the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants from Industrial Boilers (GB13271-91), industrial furnaces and kilns comply with the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants from Industrial Furnaces and Kilns (GB 9078-1996), thermal power plants comply with Emission Standard of Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants (GB13223-1996), coke ovens comply with Emission Standard of Air Pollutants from Coke Ovens (GB16171-1996), cement works comply with Emission Standard of Air Pollutants from Cement Industry (GB4915-1996), odor emissions comply with Emission Standard of Odor Pollutants (GB14554-93) , automobiles comply with Emission Standard of Air Pollutants from Automobiles (GB14761.1-14761.7-93), and motorcycles comply with Emission Standard of Air Pollutants from Motorcycles (GB14621-93).

State industrial air emission standards that are promulgated after the implementation of the comprehensive standard (GB16297-1996) will be applied to the industries defined by the standards. Those industries would no longer implement the comprehensive standard. This standard applies to the existing air emission management, environmental impact assessment, and design of projects, inspection of the environmental protection facility, and air emission management after production.

1.2.2

1.2.3

2. 3. 3.1

Referenced Standards

Articles from the following standards compose some of the articles of this standard. GB3095-1996 Ambient Air Quality Standard

GB/T16157-1996 Determination of Particle and Sampling Methods for Gaseous Pollutant from Stationary Pollution Sources

Definitions

This standard adopts the following definitions:

Standard condition refers to the condition when the temperature is 273K and the pressure is 101325Pa. All the standard parameters stipulated in this standard are values under standard condition.

Maximum permissible emission concentration refers to the hourly average concentration that should not be exceeded while the waste gases are in the emission stacks, whether or not the stacks are equipped with treatment facilities.

Maximum permissible emission rate refers to the limits of pollutant emission volume in any one hour.

3.2

3.3

3.4

Fugitive emission refers to the emission of air pollutants from sources other than stacks. Low stack emissions are not fugitive, but the result might be the same as fugitive emissions. Therefore, the increase of pollutant concentrations caused by emissions from low stacks should not be deducted while implementing the fugitive emission concentration.

Fugitive emission monitoring points refer to the monitoring locations for the purpose of supervising the compliance of fugitive emissions, according to Annex C.

Fugitive emission concentration limits refer to average concentration limits at control points for any one hour.

Pollution sources refer to facilities or constructions (e.g., workshop, etc.) emitting air pollutants.

Unit boundary refers to the boundary between the unit and surrounding environment. If there is no legal boundary, then the actual boundary should be applied.

Fugitive emission sources refer to equipment that is put in open air and produces fugitive emissions, or constructions (e.g., workshop, field shed, etc.) that produce fugitive emissions. Stack height refers to the height of a stack from the ground to the stack outlet.

3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.

Indices

Any pollution source shall comply with the following three indices:

The maximum permissible emission concentration of waste gases from the stack. The maximum permissible emission rate of waste gases based on the height of the stack. All emission stacks should comply with both of the above indices. Exceeding either of the indices is exceeding the emission standard.

Concentration limit and monitoring point stipulated for fugitive emissions. This indice should implement Article 9.2 of this standard.

Standard Classification for Emission Rate

The maximum permissible emission rates stipulated in this standard are classified into three classes for existing pollution sources and two classes for new sources. The rate shall be implemented according to the categories of the quality areas and locations of the pollution sources of Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-1996).

Pollution sources located in Category I areas must comply with Class I standards; Pollution sources located in Category II areas must comply with Class II standards; Pollution sources located in Category III areas must comply with Class III standards.

6. 6.1 6.2 6.3

6.3.1

6.3.2

Standard Parameters

All pollution sources built before 1 January 1997 (abbreviated as "existing pollution source" below) must comply with the parameters listed in Table 1.

All pollution sources built (newly built, expanded, or rebuilt) after 1 January 1997 must comply with the parameters listed in Table 2.

The date the pollution source was built should be determined as follows:

The date of EIA approval is regarded as the date of establishment of the pollution source. Industries built without EPB approval should prepare an EIA. The date of EIA approval is the date of establishment of the pollution source.

7. 7.1

Other Regulations

The stack height should be 5m higher than any building within a 200m radius, in addition to complying with the regulations stipulated in the Tables. If the stack does not meet the height requirement, the emission limit is 50 percent stricter than that stipulated for the relevant stack height.

If two stacks emit the same pollutants (regardless of whether they are from the same production process), and the distance between the stacks is less than the sum of their heights, the stacks should be merged and considered as one equivalent stack. If there are more than three stacks close to each other which emit the same pollutants, an equivalent value can be used. The calculation methods for determining equivalent stack heights are presented in Annex A.

If the height of a stack is between two values listed in the standard, the maximum permissible emission rate should be calculated by the interpolation method; if the height of a stack is greater than the maximum value or less than the minimum value listed in the standard, the maximum permissible emission rate should be calculated by the extrapolation method. The formulas for the two methods are presented in Annex B.

The stack height of any new pollution source should not be lower than 15m. If the stack of a new pollution source must be lower than 15m, the emission limit is 50 percent stricter than the value calculated by the extrapolation method.

The fugitive emission of new pollution sources should be strictly controlled. The fugitive emission should usually disappear. Unavoidable fugitive emissions should comply with the parameters stipulated in the Tables.

If industrial waste gases need to be fired and emitted, the Ringelmann value should be lower than Class I.

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6 8. 8.1

8.1.1

8.1.2 8.2

8.2.1

8.2.2

8.2.2

Monitoring Siting

The determination of the sampling locations and site numbers for particle or gaseous pollutants in the stack shall comply with GB/T16157-1996.

The determination of the sampling locations and numbers for fugitive emissions shall comply with the methods explained in Annex C. Sampling Time and Frequency

The three indices of the standard refer to the limits of any hourly mean, therefore: Sampling of waste gases in the stack

Mean value of consecutive sampling in one hour; or mean value of four samples taken at equal intervals within one hour. Sampling of fugitive emissions

Mean value of consecutive sampling in one hour;

If the concentration is comparably low, the sampling period can be prolonged if necessary; If the analysis method is sensitive enough, four samples can be taken at equal intervals. Sampling time and frequency under special conditions

If the emission period is less than 1 hour, the mean value taken from consecutive sampling within the emission period or the mean value of 2 to 4 samples taken at equal intervals should be applied;

Article 8.2.1;

For monitoring a pollution accident, sampling time and frequency should be set accordingly, regardless of the above requirement;

Sampling time and frequency for the inspection of an environmental facility (Yanshou) after construction should comply with the Inspection Monitoring Methods for Environmental Facility Post Construction issued by NEPA. Operation Condition for Monitoring

The operation condition during monitoring for routine supervision should be the same as the current operation condition. Neither the pollutant producer nor the monitoring personnel should arbitrarily change the current operation condition.

The operation condition during the monitoring for the inspection of the environmental facility after construction should comply with the Inspection Monitoring Methods for Environmental Facility Post Construction issued by NEPA. Sampling and analytical methods

Analytical methods should comply with the regulations issued by NEPA.

Sampling methods should comply with GB/T16157-1996 and the relevant sectors stipulated in the analytical methods issued by NEPA. Determination of emission volume

The measurement of emission volume should be undertaken at the same time as sampling. The determination method of emission volume should comply with GB/T16157-1996.

8.3

8.3.1

8.3.2

8.4

8.4.1

8.4.2 8.5 9. 9.1 9.2

Standard Implementation

SO 2 emissions from pollution sources located in State-defined Acid Rain & SO2 Control Zones must comply with the total loading control standard, not the comprehensive standard. The provincial, autonomous regional and municipal EPBs decide whether to implement the fugitive emission concentration limits in the governed region and report to NEPA for reference.

The environmental protection departments of different levels are responsible for supervising the implementation of this standard.

9.3

Table 1

Air Pollutant Emission Limits for Existing Pollution Sources

5

6

7

8

9

10

* ** ***

****

*****

******

The contrast point should usually be set within 2 to 50m of fugitive emission sources. Guidelines are presented in Annex C of this standard.

Max. concentration point is usually set 10m within (unit) boundary at downwind. If the location of the max. concentration point is more than 10m outside the boundary, the monitoring point should be moved to the max. concentration point. Guidelines are presented in Annex C. Refers to all dust containing 10% or more SiO2.

Emission stack for Cl2 should not be lower than 25m.

Emission stack for hydrogen cyanide should not be lower than 25m. Emission stack for phosgene should not be lower than 25m.

Table 2

Air Pollutant Emission Limits for New Pollution Sources

* ** ***

****

*****

Max. concentration point is usually set 10m within (unit) boundary at downwind. If the location of the max. concentration point is more than 10m outside the boundary, the monitoring point should be moved to the max. concentration point. Guidelines are presented in Annex C. Refers to all dust containing 10% or more SiO2.

Emission stack for Cl2 should not be lower than 25m.

Emission stack for hydrogen cyanide should not be lower than 25m. Emission stack for phosgene should not be lower than 25m.

Annex A A1 A2

A2.1

A2.2

A2.3

Annex B B1

Calculation Methods for Equivalent Stack

When stack 1 and stack 2 emit the same pollutants, and the distance between the stacks is less than the combined heights of the stacks, one equivalent stack should be used to represent the two stacks.

Calculation methods of relevant parameters for equivalent stack are as follows: Pollutant emission rate of equivalent stack:

Q = Q1 + Q2

In the formula, Q – emission rate of certain pollutant from equivalent stack;

Q 1, Q2 – emission rate of certain pollutant from stack 1 and stack 2.

Height of equivalent stack:

h = [½(h12 + h22)]1/2 In the formula, h – height of equivalent stack;

h 1, h2 – height of stack 1 and stack 2.

Location of equivalent stack

The location of the equivalent stack should be on the link line between stack 1 and stack 2. If stack1 is set as the origin, the distance of the equivalent stack from the origin should be: x = a(Q-Q1)/Q = aQ2/Q In the formula, x – distance between equivalent stack and stack 1; a – distance between stack1 and stack 2;

Q 1, Q2, Q – same as defined in A2.1.

Interpolation and Extrapolation Methods for the Identification of Maximum Permissible Emission Rate

If the height of the stack is between two listed heights in the Table, the interpolation method should be used to calculate the maximum permissible emission rate. The formula is: Q = Qa +(Qa+1-Q a )(h-ha )/(ha+1-h a ) In the formula: h – height of the stack;

h a – first stack height in the Table that is higher than the height of the stack; h a+1 – first stack height in the Table that is lower than the height of the stack.

Q a – maximum permissible emission rate for stack height ha ;

B2 B3

Annex C C1 C2

C2.1

C2.1.1

C2.1.2

C2.1.3

Q a+1 – maximum permissible emission rate for stack height h a+1; Q – maximum permissible emission rate for the stack;

If the height of the stack is greater than the maximum stack height listed in the Table, the extrapolation method should be used to calculate the maximum permissible emission rate. The formula is :

Q = Qb (h/hb ) 2

In the formula: h – height of the stack;

h b – maximum stack height listed in the Table.

Q b – maximum permissible emission rate for stack height hb ; Q – maximum permissible emission rate for the stack;

If the height of the stack is less than the minimum stack height listed in the Table, the extrapolation method should be used to calculate the maximum permissible emission rate. The formula is :

Q = Qc (h/hc ) 2

In the formula: h – height of the stack;

h c – minimum stack height listed in the Table.

Q c – maximum permissible emission rate for–stack height hc ; Q – maximum permissible emission rate of the stack;

Guidelines for Determination of Fugitive Emission Monitoring Points

The actual conditions of fugitive emissions are various, thus Annex C only serves as a guide for setting monitoring sites. The actual operation must be undertaken according to local conditions.

Method of setting monitoring site at unit boundary

This standard requires that the monitoring site at the boundary abide by the following methods and principles: Principles:

The monitoring site should usually be set within 10 meters outside of the boundary. If the actual condition is not suitable (e.g. the boundary is the bank), the site could be moved inside the boundary.

The monitoring site should be set at the maximum concentration point.

If the estimated maximum concentration point is more than 10m outside the boundary, the monitoring site should be moved.

C2.1.4

C2.1.5

C2.2

C2.2.1

C2.2.2

C2.3

C3

C3.1

C3.1.1

C3.1.2

C3.1.3

C3.1.4

C3.1.5

C3.2

C3.2.1

C3.3 To define the maximum concentration point, four monitoring sites at most should be set. The elevation of the monitoring site should be between 1.5m and 15m. The following method is only a guide for actual monitoring reference. With obvious wind direction and speed, refer to the sketch below. [Translation Note: Refer to Chinese version for sketch.] Without obvious wind direction and speed, four monitoring sites should be set at the estimated maximum concentration point based on the actual conditions. Select the maximum concentration value as the final result among the results from the four monitoring sites. Methods of setting contrast and monitoring sites upwind/downwind of emission sources Principles: The contrast site should be set upwind of the fugitive emission source, and the monitoring site set downwind of the fugitive emission source. The monitoring site should be set at the maximum concentration point downwind of the emission source regardless of the unit boundary limit. To define the maximum concentration point, at most four monitoring sites should be set. The contrast site should not be affected by non-determined fugitive emission sources. The result of the contrast site should represent the background concentration of the monitoring site. Only one contrast site should be set. The distance between the contrast/monitoring sites and fugitive emission sources should not be less than 2 meters. The following method is only a guide for actual monitoring reference. With obvious wind direction and speed, refer to the sketch below. [Translation Note: Refer to Chinese version for sketch.] Based on the above method, the final value should be the difference between the highest concentration of the four sites and the contrast site.

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