七年级英语上册期中复习重点
Unit 1
英语中的问候语及其他礼貌用语:
――Good morning!/ afternoon! / evening!
――Good morning! / afternoon! / evening!
这种问候较为正式。
――Hello!/ Hi!
――Hello!/Hi!
喂!/你好!表示问候或唤起注意,是非正式用语。
――Nice to meet you.= Glad to meet you.
――Nice to meet you,too.( Glad to meet you. too.)
初次见面互相介绍认识后的常用语,表示礼貌。注意回答时too前面要用“,”隔开。 ――Nice to see you.
――Nice to see you,too.
熟人之间见面时以示礼貌的常用语。
――How do you do?
――How do you do?
在英语中,较正式的场合初次见面互相致以问候的常用语。
――How are you?
――Fine. /I‘m OK. /I‘m fine. Thanks/Thank you. and you?/how are you?
通常用于熟悉的人之间。
――Goodbye.
――Goodbye./Bye./Bye-bye.
它是人们在告别时常用的礼貌用语。
――See you later.
――See you./ See you later.
待会儿见。回头见。(再见)
――Welcome to China!
――Thank you./Thanks.
Welcome to 后面加地点名词,如国家、城市等,表示“欢迎到……”。
――Excuse me, 通常用于引起别人注意、请求让路、向某人问路或打听消息。
意为“请问,打扰了,劳驾”。
――Thank you./Thanks
――You‘re welcome./ That‘s OK.
句型:
----I‘m KangKang.自我介绍时用此句型。
----Are you Maria?没有把握确定对方的名字时用此句型。
----yes, I am. / No, I‘m not.
----This is ….介绍人、物、地点时常用的句型。
a、 This is Miss Li. 介绍某人
b、 This is Beijing. 介绍某地点
c、 This is pencil. 介绍某物
d、 Hello!This is Jane. 打电话时,自我介绍“我是…..”
----What‘s your name?
----My name is …../I‘m…….这是特殊疑问名,用于询问对方的名字.
What‘s her name ? what‘s his name ?
----Where are you from ?
-----I‘m from England .
你来自哪里?/你是哪里人?常用来询问某人来自何地或某人的籍贯。 be from…. ―从…来‖,“来自….”
Are you from Canada ? No,I‘m not . I‘m from the U.S.A .
Where is she from ? -----She is from China . ----Is she from China ?
where is he from ? -----He is from Japan . ----Is he from Japan ?
----Who is she ? ----Who is he ? -----Who are they ?
----What‘s your telephone number? 你的电话号码是什么?
----My telephone number is 123456.( It‘s 123456. )
对数字提问应用what. 回答时常用 It‘s……
----What‘s your QQ number ? ----What ‗s your ID number ?
----How old are you ? how old 意为“几岁,多大”。用于询问对方年龄,回答时常说:
----I‘m twelve years old .
How old is she ? she is twelve.
How old is he ? he is fourteen .
----What grade(class) are you in ?
----I‘m in Class Four. Grade Seven. Are you in Class Four ?
英语中谈论编有号码的事物时,一般要把名词放在数词前,且名词和数词的第一个字母要大写。单位大小的排列顺序习惯为由小到大,并用逗号隔开。Class 3,Grade 2.
What grade (class ) is she in ? She is in Class Eleven , Grade Eight .
What grade (class) is he in ? He is in Class Five , Grade Seven .
----Who‘s this /that ? 这是谁? 那是谁?
----This is Nancy . /That is KangKang .
Who‘re they ?
通常用于询问某个人是谁,一般情况下很少用 Who‘s she /he ?这样不符合礼貌原则。 ----Can you spell it ? 你会拼写它吗? Can是情态动词,引导的是一般疑问句。
----Yes. B-O-O-K, book ../ No, I can‘t .
How do you spell it ? 你怎样拼写它?
B-O-O-K ,book.
----What is this /that ? It‘ s a book . 回答用It‘s + 名词单数
Is this a book ? Is that a book ?
Yes, it is ./ No, it isn‘t .
What are these ?/those? They‘re two books . 回答用 They are+ 名词复数
----Are these books ? Are those books ?
----yes, they are./No,they aren‘t. 肯定回答中,they are 不能缩写。
too 作“也”讲。一般用在肯定句和疑问句的句末,且用逗号隔开。
----What‘s this in English ? what‘s that in English ? 这个(那个)用英语怎么说?
----It‘s an eraser .
in English 意为“用英语”“在英语中”,是习惯用语。in+语言 表示“用什么语言”。 Yuying Junior High School 育英初级中学
high school 是中学,junior school 初级中学 , senior high school 高级中学
如果表示具体的某个学校,在前面加上名称即可。
Beijing Bayi Junior High School. 北京八一初级中学
用英语表达姓名:
外国人姓名: 名+姓 如: Jim Black.
中国人姓名: 姓+名 如:Liu Xiang Deng Yaping
名与姓分开写,且首字母要大写。
英语字母在什么情况下大写。
1、英语句子的第一个词的第一个字母要大写;
2、姓名中的姓和名的首字母要大写;
3、国家、城市、乡镇等地点名称的首字母要大写;
4、表示语言、某国人等词的首字母要大写;
5、表示职务或称呼的首字母要大写;
6、人称代词“I”和单词“OK”无论何时都要大写。
动词be 的用法
动词be有三种形式:am, is, are, 它们都是“是”的意思,被称为“be动词”。
1、am用于第一人称单数I。I am……,缩写形式是I‘m….,但在句末时不能缩写。
Yes, I am. No, I‘m not.
2、is 用于第三人称单数。 He/she/it/ my mather…/the boy../Tom…./this/that
3、are 用于第二人称单复数或第一、三人称复数。 You/we/they/these/those/my mom and I/
4、be 动词在某些名词、代词和少数副词之后可用缩略形式。
I‘m/you‘re/he‘s/she‘s/that‘s/who‘s/where‘s/Jim‘s……
Is,are 也可与后面的not 构成缩写形式。Is not---isn‘t are not-----aren‘t
但是am与not,this与is 没有缩写形式。
名词的单复数形式:
名词分为可数名词与不可数名词,可数名词有单复数形式。
可数名词的复数变化规则如下:
1、一般在词尾加-s。 desk----desks, pen---pens
2、以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es. class----classes box----boxes bus----buses
3、以辅音字母加-y 为结尾的变-y为-i ,再加-es。 country----countries lady----ladies
4、以-f或 -fe 结尾的变 -f或-fe 为-v ,再加-es。 knife----knives
5、以-o结尾的名词加-s或-es。 photo----photoes hero---heroes 6、部分名词变复数为不规则变化。
child→children,man→men, woman→women foot→feet,tooth→teeth,
fish→fish mouse→ mice
7、单复数同形。
sheep→sheep,deer→deer,chinese→chinese
8、集体名词总是复数。
People clothes family (指全家人) ,class (指全班同学)
集体名词做主语时,谓语动词要与其保持一致。 Jim‘s family are on the sofa .
His clothes are on the bed . 9、不可数名词(单复数形式不变) 。
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
10、其他
hair 若指满头头发用时为不可数名词,表示头发的根数时为可数名词,其后加-s。 fish 作“鱼肉”讲时,是不可数名词。 Do you like fish ? 你喜欢鱼肉吗?
作“鱼”讲时,单复数同形。 There are three fish in the pool 池里有三条鱼。
fishes 指不同种类的鱼。 There are many fishes in the lake . 湖里有许多种鱼。
Chicken 作“鸡肉”讲时,是不可数名词。 Would you like some chicken ?
作“小鸡”讲时,是可数名词。 The old woman has six chickens . 那老太太有六只小鸡。 shoe ―鞋‖与 pant“裤子” 通常以复数形式出现,shoes, pants 。
不可数名词的表达。 不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与表示具体的数词连用,但可以
和 some any 连用。 Some tea , some milk , some fish
如果需要与数词连用,应为数词+表示量的名词+of + 不可数名词
a cup of tea → two cups of tea
a bag of rice → three bags of rice
a bowl of rice → two bowls of rice
可数名词也可以这样表达。
a basket of eggs → three baskets of eggs (两个名词后面都同时变为复数形式)
a bag of orange → five bags of oranges
Unit 2
-----I have a small nose. He has a big one.
----yes, I do. -----No, I don‘t.
----yes, she does. -----No, she doesn‘t.
1、动词have/has意为“有”,主语为第三人称单数时,用has;其他人称作主语时用have。
2、把句子变为否定或疑问句时,通常需要借用助动词do或does。does用于主语是第三人称单数的句子;do用于其他人称。
3、当does用于主语是第三人称单数的否定或疑问句子时,has 变回have。
----I come from England.
Come from = be from 后面接地点名词,当主语是第三人称单数时,用comes from/ is from. We come from China = We are from China Yes, I do / No , I don‘t . I come from the .U.S.A. Yes ,she does. / No, she dosen‘t . she comes from the.U.S.A. same “相同的..”,前面必须与定冠词the连用,后常接单数名词。
different ―差异的,不同的‖ ,后面通常接复数名词且不加定冠词the。
----= What is she like ? 她长得什么样?
look like…= be like.“看起来像…”,后面接名词、名词短语或代词宾格。Look 在这个词组中是系动词。 A looks like B = A is like B A看起来像B。
Look the same “看起来很像,看起来一样”,其后不跟名词或代词。
A and B look the same. / We look the same ./ You look the same .
----
我们相貌不同。Looks是名词“相貌、长相” look 是系动词,意“看起来”
She looks very besutiful .
----We both have black hair and black eyes.
both ―两个都‖,其位置在情态动词、be动词和其他助动词之后,行为动词之前。 They are both teacher.
Only ― 仅仅,只有 ‖,用于be动词之后,实义动词之前。
She is only a student . 她只是一名学生。
They only study Chinese in their school . 他们在学校只学习汉语。
----What color is it ?
----It‘s……
What color is + 单数名词/不可数名词 ? 用It‘s…..回答。
What color are + 复数名词? 用They‘re……回答。
----Please give this letter to Maria .
----give Maria this letter.
Give sth to sb. = give sb sth ―把某物给某人‖在动词后面,即只能用前面一个句型。如: give it to me. (√) give me it. (×)
Give me the book .
Give the book to me .
----She has short blond hair.
Short blond hair ―金黄色的短发‖, 当多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:数量+大小/长短+颜色+名词。 Two big red apples. 两个大红苹果。
----The girl in yellow is Maria.
In yellow 介词短语作定语放在被修饰词后。在这里in 意为“穿着、戴着”,后面接颜色或“(冠词)+ 颜色+名词”结构。Jane is in a purple T-shirt and a pink skirt.
Kangkang is in a white coat . 康康穿着白色上衣。
The boy in a white T- shirt is Kangkang 这个穿白色体恤衫的男孩是康康。 穿粉红色衣服的是海伦。 海伦穿一件粉红色的上衣。
----特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是就句子中的某一特定部分进行提问的问句。
都由疑问词引起,常用的疑问词有
who谁 whose 谁的 which 哪一个 what 什么 when 何时、
where何地 why为什么 how 如何
语序: 疑问词+be /助动词 do /情态动词 can +主语+谓语/表语(+其他)? What is your name ?
Who are they ?
What does she look like ?
What dose he come from ?
------Whose cap is it ? whose …..is this / that / it
Whose + 名词+is this /that /it ? 也可以写成 Whose is this /that +名词 ?
其答语用形容词性物主代词加名词、名词性物主代词或名词所有格。
Whose pencil is this ? = Whose is this pencil ?
It‘‘‘Whose jacket is this ? Is it yours ,Michael ? No, it‘ s not mine . Mine is here .
-----Whose bananas are these ?
Whose +名词复数+are these /those ? = Whose are these /those + 名词复数?
回答: They are …
Whose toys are those ?
They are your toys ./They are yours / They are Kangkang‘ s .
-----Please help us find him .
Help sb ( to ) do sth .帮助某人做某事 ,“to”可以省略。
She help me ( to ) learn English .
物主代词 (代词所有格)
表示所有或所属关系的代词,叫物主代词,也称代词所有格。
1、形容词性物主代词必须放在名词前,修饰限定名词,作定语。
What‘ s your name ? My name is Jane .
2、名词性物主代词相当于:形容词性物主代词+名词,在句子中主要作主语、宾语和表语。 这支钢笔是你的吗?(表语)
No, it isn‘ t . It‘ (表语)
(主语)
3、名词前若有形容词性物主代词,不可再出现a, an, the, this, that, these, those 这类的限定修饰词。如果要表示这种意义,则用“of+名词性物主代词”这种结构。
A friend of mine .我的一个朋友。
4、whose 既可以是形容词性物主代词又可是名词性物主代词。
Whose is this book ? (名词性物主代词)
Whose book is this ? (形容词性物主代词)
名词所有格
表示所有或所属关系的名词,叫名词所有格。Kangkang‘ s 康康的..。
主要用于人或其他有生命的名词后,意为“….的”。
名词变所有格有以下几种情况:
1、一般在单数名词和不以-s 为结尾的复数名词的词尾加 -‘s。
men‘ s shoes 男人们的鞋 Kangkang‘ s shirt 康康的衬衫。
2、以-s 结尾的单复数名词在词尾加 ‘。 teachers‘ books 教师们的书
3、如果某物为两人共有,只将后面一个名词变成所有格;表示各自的所有关系,两个名词都要变成所有格,后面要跟复数形式。
Lucy and Lily‘ s room . Lucy 和 Lily 的房间。
Lucy‘ s and Lily‘ Lucy 和 Lily 的车子
表示无生命名词的所有格时,则用由Of引出的介词短语来构成,也作定语。
of放在名词的前面,意为“….的”。
结构:
1、of + 名词
汉语中“A的B” 译成英语为“B of A”
如:a map of China 一幅中国地图
The window of the room 房间的窗户
The gate of the school 学校的大门
2、of + 名词的所有格
如:a photo of Mike‘s. 迈克的一张照片。
3、of + 名词性物主代词
如:a teacher of mine . 我的一位老师。
4、名词若带有较长定语时,无论有生命与否均用of .
如: the story of Dr. Norman Bethune
“普通名词+of+专有名词”这类词组前均需加“the”。
Unit 3
--------Excuse me, could you please tell me your name ?
--------Sure. My name is Jane .
Could 作情态动词,表示“可以、可能”,是can 的委婉说法,无人称和数的变化,不能独立作谓语,必须跟动词原形。
常用句型:could you please + 动词原型…..?“你能…吗?”
肯定回答: Sure / Of course / No problem
否定回答:Sorry
例句:Could you please give thg letter to Jane ?
Could you help me with it ?
------- could you please tell me your name ?
Tell 后面跟双宾语结构,tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
例句: tell us a story . 给我们讲个故事吧?
--------Do you come from the U.S.A ? = Are you from the U.S.A ?
当句中有实义动词时,要用助动词do 或does 构成否定句和疑问句。回答时仍用do /does 例句: I don‘t know .
Does he help his mom at home ?Yes, he does . 他在家里帮助妈妈吗?
Help sb with sth = help sb (to) do sth . 在某方面帮助某人 帮助某人做某事
例句:I often help Jane with her Chinese .= I often help Jane study Chinese .
Say 与 speak 的辨析:
Say 通常后面要接说话的内容。
如: He says ―I am a Chinese boy. ‖
Speak 常指说某种语言或说话能力。
如: speak English .
The baby can speak now .那个婴儿会说话了。
-------He wants to visit the Great Wall .
Want sth 想要某物
Want to do sth 想做某事
Want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
例句: I want a bike .
She wants to go to BeiJing .
I want you to come to my home 我想让你来我家。
-------实义动词
实义动词表示动作或状态,在句中能单独作谓语。
1、有一般现在时中,一般用动词原形,但如果主语是第三人称单数,动词必须用第三人称单数形式。
2、实义动词在一般现在时中,由助动词do / does 构成否定句和疑问句;答语也用do / does。
Does he live in England ? Yes , he does . No , he doesn‘t .
-------动词的第三人称单数变化。
在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需作以下变化:
1、一般情况下,直接在词尾加 –s 。 如: say----says
2、以s x sh ch为结尾的词加 -es 。
如: teach----teaches guess—guseees, watch---watches
3、以o结尾的动词,一般加 –es 。 如: go----goes
4、以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为 i 再加 –es 。 如:study-----studies
-------Many students in our class like English a lot .
a、 in our class 修饰 many students 。介词短语修饰名词时,放在名词之后。
例如:the girl in red
a pen friend from Japan
b、a lot = very much
thanks a lot = thank you very much
------I don‘t like it at all. 我一点也不喜欢它。
not ….at all 一点也不,根本不,语气较强。
如:My English is not good at all
表示对事物的喜欢程度有三种方式:
1、like….very much / like …..a lot 非常、很喜欢
2、like….a little 有点喜欢
3、not like …at little 一点儿也不喜欢
如: Do you like English ?
Yes, I like it very much / a lot / a little
No, I don‘t like it at all
----any 与some 的用法 “一些”
some 用于肯定句中,但在表示建议、请求等语气比较客气、委婉的句子中希望得到肯定回答时用some 。
any 用于否定句和疑问句中
如: I have some books.
Would you please give me some milk ?
I don‘t have any pets at home
Do you have any pets at home ?
Have a seat = take a seat = sit down 请坐
--------What do you do ? 你是做什么的?
询问某人职业时,有以下几种表达方法:
1、What do (does) sb do ?
2、What is sb ?
3、What is one‘s jod ?
如:What does your father do ?
What‘s your father ?
What is your father‘s jod ?
--------Where does he ( she ) work ? 他(她)在哪儿工作?
--------He works on a farm
Where do you /they work ?
--------My grandparents live with us . 我的爷爷奶奶和我们一起住。
Live with sb .和某人住在一起。With 为介词,后面加人称代词时必须用其宾格形式。 My aunt lives with us .我的姑姑和我们住在一起。
Where does Peter live now ?
Look after 照顾、照看
Please look after your little brother .
Who looks after Rose ?
Want sth 想要某物 I want a bike .
Want to do sth 想做某事 She wants to go Beijing .
Want sb . to do sth 想让某人做某事 I want you to come to my home . (我想让你来我家) in a school / in a factory / in a hospital / in an office / 在学校(工厂、医院、办公室)
at home / at work / at school 在家(在上班、在学校)
on a farm / on the sofa (在农场、在沙发上)
a photo of …. a picture of my class This is a photo of my family
family 指一个家庭时是可数名词单数,其复数形式为 families .
My family is a big family .我的家是一个大家庭。
Family 指家庭成员时是集体名词,视作复数,谓语动词要与其保持一致。
After supper , my family often watch TV . 晚饭后,我们全家经常看电视。
only / usually / often / both …….用于be 动词之后,实义动词之前
------help yourself to ….随便吃/喝 ….。主人招待客人的常用语。
如果是两个或以上时用hely yourselives.
Help yourselives to some fish , kids. 孩子们,随便吃些鱼。
I would like = I ‗d like would like表示“想要、要、喜欢”,在某种程度上相当于want ,
其后若跟动词应为动词不定式( to + 动词 ,动词与动词之间要用to 连接)。
I would like some eggs = I want some eggs
I would like to go to school = I want to go to school
What about …..? = How about …..? 用于询问另一人对某事的看法、意愿等。
He wants to go home .what about you ,Jim? 他想回家。吉姆,你呢?
What about some fish ? what about doing sth ? 做某事怎么样?
have dinner / have breskfast / have lunch / have supper / have a drink
吃饭(早饭、午饭、晚饭、喝点饮料)
三餐前不用加冠词,经常与介词 for 连用。
Have sth .for breskfast / lunch / supper 表示“早/午/晚餐吃…..”
She usually has an egg and bread for breakfast . 她早餐通常吃一个鸡蛋和面包。
May I take your order ? 你可以点菜了吗? 这是就餐时服务员常用的语言。
服务行业常用的客套用语:
What can I do for you ?
May I help you ?
Can I help you ?
在不同场合有不同的含义,如在商店可表示“你要买什么?” 在酒吧“你要喝什么?” eat out 在外用餐 eat in 在家吃 eat up 吃完
They often eat out . The boy eats up all the food
why not + 动词原形…..?= why don‘t you + 动词原形
用来提出建议或表示责备。
Why don‘t you have some juice ?
Why not have some juice ?
many 与 much 的用法区别:
many “许多”用于可数名词复数前。 Many books
much “许多”用于不可数名词前。Much bread
how many “多少”对可数名词的数量提问。 How many + 可数名词复数+一般疑问句? How many toys do you have ? 你有多少玩具?
How much “多少”对不可数名词的数量提问。How much + 不可数名词+一般疑问句? How much rice do you need ? 你需要多少米饭?
此外,how much 还可以对价钱进行提问,意为“多少钱”,
结构为: how much +is /are ….? How much is your shirt ?你的
buy sth .for sb = buy sb .sth .给某人买某物。
He buys me a bike = He buys a bike for me 他给我买了一辆自行车。
Not at all = you‘re welcome = That‘s all right.= That‘s OK.
Try on ,“试穿”当其加名词做宾语时,宾语放在 on 的前后都可以。
Try on the shirt = try the shirt on
当其加代词作宾语时,宾语只能置于try 与on之间。
Try it on try them on
What do you usually have for breakfast (lunch / supper)? 你早餐(午、晚)通常吃什么?
I usually have milk and bread for breakfast .
What would you like to eat( have / drink )? 你想吃(喝)点什么?
---Let me see / I ‗d like some …..
would you like something to drink ? 你想来点喝的吗?
---Yes , a glass of apple juice ,please .
---No, thanks
Why not have some fish and eggs ? 为什么不吃些鱼和鸡蛋呢?
---Good idea .
How do you like ….? 你觉得…..怎么样?用于询问对方对某事物的观点、看法,还可
以说成 what do you think of ….?
How do you like the book ? = what do you think of the book ? 你觉得这体书怎么样?