新概念英语3
新概念英语第三册课文解析
第一课,课文与词汇
1,a puma at large; at large 1逃遁的,没有被控制的2:详细的(in detail)3:总体来讲(as a whole) 2,Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
tip: 在英文的表达方式中,首先呈现给读者的是结果。写议论文的时候要注意把握观点。 体会课文第一二句话,乃至第一段在全文中的作用。
cat-like 像猫的,偷偷摸摸的life-like 栩栩如生的
3,When report came into London zoo... 当伦敦动物园接到报告...同种结构的句型:(An idea) come to sb.某人突然想到了......
4, take sth. seriously: deal with sth. seriousl认真(严肃)对待某事
take sth. lightly 草率对待某事
5, claim to have done sth 声称曾经做过某事
6, leave behind: 把某物留在后面
7,on + 名词:强调动作正在进行 on the rise:在上升 on the increase: 在增加 on the watch: 在观看 on the match:在比赛中 on the fishing trip:在钓鱼的途中 on holiday: 在度假 8,fully: completely, entirely
9,in the possession of sb==in sb's possession 归某人所有 in possession of sth. 拥有某物 take possession of 拥有
tip: 请大家体会下同种意思的不同表达,让我们的语言丰富起来!
eg: The beautiful car is in my possession / in the possession of me.
I am in possession of the beautiful car.
The person in possession of the big house is excited.
10,It is disturbing to think that 一想到.........就心里不安
e.g. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to
investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
分句1:The evident began to accumulate. as 表示伴随主句同时发生的状态 主句:Experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate.
tip: 在阅读中,先看主句有助于全文理解和提高阅读效率。
分句2:The descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were
extraordinarily similar. for 表示原因,翻译做:因为
11, 被动语态常用于表达事实的客观性
tip: 英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实,故常用被动语态;而中文则善于运用动作
的执行者,常用主动式 被动语态的特殊结构:被动语态+现在分词
e.g. puma fur was found clinging to bushes 现在分词clinging起补充说明主语的作用 12,定语从句和同位语从句
一般来讲, 定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面,但为了保持句子平衡,也可把谓语动词放到从句之前。让我们来看两个文中的例子:
(1)Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
(2)Reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London.
现在让我们来回顾下两种从句的区别:
(1) 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。
定语从句的引导词:指人:主语 who; 宾语 who/whom; 定语 whose 表达事物:that(也
可指人)/ which 时间状语:when; 地点状语:where; 原因状语: why
(2) 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
同位语从句的引导词:名词做主语、宾语时,关系词用that 而不是which 时间 when;
地点 where e.g. I have no idea what has happened to him.
1.spot v. 看出,发现 英文释义To detect or discern, especially visually; spy.
同/近义词 pick out / see / recognize / catch sight of
例句应用 A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.
He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他有敏锐的识别错误的能力。
spot(v.) = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。find 强调发现的结果。find out 查出事实真相。discover 做出重大发现。notice 注意到。observe 观察。watch 观察活动中的人或画面
spot n. 斑点 Ex: There is a white spot on the shirt
on the spot
1、at once, immediately 立刻,马上
Ex: Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.
2、at the place of the action 在现场
Ex: Wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot.
2.evidence [u]n. 证据 英文释义A thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment 同义词evidence=proof
常用词组 in evidence 显而易见的 Ex: He was in evidence at the party.
3.accumulate vt,vi. 积累,积聚 (vt.To gather or pile up; amass. vi. To mount up; increase.) 同/近义词的比较
1)accumulate 强调积累的过程
Ex: As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.
2)gather vt. 聚集,把某人召集在某处。3)collect v.收集,采集
4) assemble vi.集合,集会, vt. 装配。5) hoard v.大量地贮存 hoard up= store up Ex: The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter.
6) amass vt.积聚(主要用于诗歌和文学作品)
4.oblige v. 使...感到必须 英文释义To constrain by physical, legal, social, or moral means. 常用词组
feel obliged to do sth. 感觉有必要做某事。be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事
Ex: 1)She was obliged to go. 她不得不走。2)The police obliged him to leave. 警方强迫他离开。
5.hunt n. 追猎;寻找 英文释义The act or sport of hunting;A diligent search or pursuit 同/近义表达的比较
run after 强调追赶、追求. seek 追寻(梦想,理想) = pursue 。chase 追赶. search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物
6. corner v. 使走投无路,使陷入困境 n.角落(vt.To place or drive into a corner;vi.To come together or be situated on or at a corner;n. The area enclosed or bounded by an angle formed in this manner)
常见词组;at the corner of the street。in the corner of the room。on the corner of the desk。be cornered 被逼得走投无路(常用于被动语态)
Ex:1)The thief was cornered at last。2)The problem cornered me. 这个问题把我难倒了。
7. trail n. 一串,一系列 vt.跟踪, 追踪(=follow)(n.Something that is drawn along or follows behind; a train。vt.To follow the traces or scent of;to follow the course taken by; pursue:) 其他常用词性trail=follow vt. 跟踪
Ex: The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding.
8.cling (注意cling的过去式及过去分词为 clung ) vi.粘附
英文释义vi.To hold fast or adhere to something, as by grasping, sticking, embracing, or entwining;To remain emotionally attached; hold on
近义词 stick 粘住 (stick to 坚持 sticky adj. 粘的)
She is always clinging to her mother。He clung to the hope that he would succeed.(抱有,怀有)
9.convince vt. 使...信服
英文释义To bring by the use of argument or evidence to firm belief or a course of action
常用词组 convince sb. of sth使sb相信sth。be convinced that确信,承认(和宾语从句that 搭配使用)。sb be convinced sb相信(没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构)
10.somehow adv. 不知怎么搞地,不知什么原因(In a way not specified, understood, or known.) 近义表达by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown
区分记忆somewhat =a little adv.稍微, 有点, 有些
11.disturb v. 令人不安(To break up or destroy the tranquillity or settled state of;To trouble emotionally or mentally; upset)
disturbing 令人不安的 。disturbed 感到不安的。若对某事/某人感到不安,就用be disturbed的结构,主语一般都是人;如果某事或某人本身让别人觉得不安的话,就用sth./sb. is disturbing 的结构
第二课课文与词汇
1, 现在进行时和always 等频度副词的搭配--表示说话人带有的情感色彩
Tom is always doing homework。He is always making noises.
one or another 表示某种、这样或那样。get enough money 筹集足够的资金来做某事 have sth. done 找某人来做某事e.g. have the plane repaired 修飞机have hair cut 剪头发 tip: 在翻译中,不一定要把
2, used to:过去常常做,而现在不再发生的事情了 e.g. He used to smoke every day. 3,.however 可用nevertheless, nonetheless 替换。start: 惊跳、惊奇
Eg: What a start you give me.你真吓了我一跳
4, Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock.
Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.
分词做状语时,一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致。
第一个句子中,动作look和主语he之间是主动关系,因而用了现在分词。
第二个句子中,动作arm和主语the vicar之间是被动关系,所以用了过去分词。我们可以将状语还原成句子:The vicar was armed with a torch then he went up into the clock tower. 5, In the torchlight 在电筒光下,非正式用语中whom可以省略掉
recognize sb as 认出某人是。regard sb as 把某人认作。think of sb as 把某人看作
treat sb as(把某人对待为)。have on sb as(把某人尊敬为)
6, Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.
still用于句首,用逗号分隔开来,表达一个转折的关系。意思是尽管如此,依旧,仍然 这里still = Just the same,本句也可这样表达:All the same, I am glad the bell is working again. 7, We'll get used to that, Bill.
get used to , be used to do, be accustomed to, get accustomed to 都表示习惯于
get强调渐进的过程,be强调习惯了的状态。e.g. We are used to the cold weather here.
You will get used to the cold weather here.你很快会适应这寒冷的天气的。这里的to都是介词,后面接名词或动名词。e.g. You will get used to jogging day after day. It is really a good habit. 你会习惯每天跑步的。这真是一个好习惯。
tip: 在表示过去常常做某事的 use to 句型中,后面接动词的原型,请大家注意区别。
8,这是个很好的安慰人的句子...not as good as, but it is better than... 来表达情况并不是很糟。 9,现在进行时
(1)长期习惯性的动作持续,尤其与always连用的时候。大家体会下例句用了现在时,其语气是不是比一般时表达的要强烈呢?
e.g. Our vicar is always raising money. He is always writing letters.
(2)表示将来时 I am gonna go.我要走了。(gonna 是 going to 的缩写,在口语中很常用。) In 的用法总结:
1.prep 表达惊奇,恐惧,失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用,在句中起状语的作用
in surprise; in astonishment; in alarm; in embarrassment; in amazement; in despair; in dismay; in anger; in disappointment
2.prep表达以、用: 用于语言,书写材料,色彩或声音等方面
in English; in pencil; in ink; in a few words; in such a high voice; in oil; in red; in code 3,用于状态、情况或处境
in trouble; in difficulty; in bed; in a hurry; in debt; in love with sb; in tears; in good order; in good repair; in good health; in por health; in the bad mood; in the good mood; in haste; in a favor of excitement; in poverty; in luxury
加强语气的表达:本课中,为体现戏剧化的场面,作者用了很多小词来加强语气,e.g. certainly did, as well, whatever, 请大家在脑海中重现这些句子并加以体会。具体分析见语言点
1、equal v. 等于。英文释义To be equal to, especially in value.
常用词组1)A equal B 与 ... 相匹敌
Ex: None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer.
2)be equal to + n 与...相匹敌。有能力做某事 (to作介词)
Ex:Mary is quite equal to John in brains.。I am equal to running the company.
2、raise v. 募集;筹(款)。英文释义1)To gather together; collect2)To breed and care for to maturity3)To grow, especially in quantity; cultivate4)To bring up; rear
常见用法
raise money 筹款。raise price 提高价格。raise a horse 饲养马。raise a family 供养家庭 raise wheet 种植小麦。raise an army 招募。raise a shout 发出喊声
3、start n. 惊跳、惊奇。英文释义A startled reaction or movement.
例句应用The voice made him start.。What a start you give me.你真吓了我一跳
4、recognize vt.认出。英文释义To know to be something that has been perceived before
第三课课文及词汇
1, Some time ago,an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.*文中用了被动式,强调discovery, 体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出
英文表达中常用被动语态。在以结果、影响、效果为主语的被动式句子中,强调了对客观事实的陈述。
2,An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini。which引导定语从句,修饰限定temple。在这个句子中,which = that; stand = lie\ be situated (vt.) \be located (vt.), 因此进行词语替换后,可改成;An American team explored a temple which/ that is located / situated in...An American team explored a temple which/that lie in...。stand v. 表示高高坐落于,矗立于e.g.She stands 1.75m. 她一米七五。
A great tree stands on the mount. 山上有个大树。(我们也可以用there be句型来表达中文意思,但是请大家体会下两者的差异。there be陈述客观事实:那里有什么,而例句则突出树,并且很高,感情色彩一下就不一样了。)
3,The city at one time must have been prosperous,for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. for引导原因状语从句,对主句进行附加说明,译作
对比:because引导原因状语从句,重点突出原因。for引导的原因状语从句,突出了主句。e.g. I do it because I like it. 我做这件事因为我喜欢。The day broke for the birds were singing. 破晓了,因为鸟儿在唱歌。
at one time:表达曾经,一度;是过去时态的标志。must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测 enjoyed a high level of civilization. 享有高度文明
4,They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.with...作为所有物、属性或特点具有: e.g.a young man with broad shoulders 一个宽肩膀的青年。an old lady with black hair 一个黑发老妇人 。beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语。a beautifully dressed lady衣着漂亮的女士。a deserted carpark 废弃的停车场。a white painted door 被粉刷成白色的门。
区别:过去分词做定语,被修饰词与修饰词之间是:被动关系
现在分词做定语,被修饰词与修饰词之间为;逻辑主动关系
a boy climbing the tree / the students reading in the room
5, The city was even equipped with a drainage system,for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.* be equipped with 配备,装备*for 引导原因状语从句*beneath the narrow streets
对比:beneath\under\below
(1) prep. beneath = under 正下方He is standing under / beneath the umbrella.他站在雨伞下面。
(2) under 还有
under control 控制之中;under discussion 讨论之中;under repairs 修理之中
(3) below:在下方,强调斜下方 She is sitting below the window.
6, The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. be used as / be used to be 把...用作为
7, Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. * represent vt. 代表 8, The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. * dating 现在分词,修饰 remains。e.g. the customs dating from 1990
*date from 追溯到,从... 开始。date from=date back to
e.g. The castle dates from/dates back to the 14th century.
9,Its missing head happened to be among remains of...* happen to 强调事情偶然发生 e.g. I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰好开过这种车。
He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他恰巧在口袋里找到那张票。
句式:It happens that......e.g. It happnes that I met her on my way to work
I happened to meet her on my way to work
happen on 巧遇,偶然发现,偶遇。e.g. I happend on this old picture in the drawer. 10, When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
* reconstruct: put together, piece together, restore 修复,重组
*amazd:对比:surprised; astonished; amazed; astounded 感到惊讶的,语气递增
surprised;astonished: much surprised;amazed: very much surprised;astounded 非常惊讶,惊奇 * to find... / to discover... / to realize...e.g. I'm not surprised to see you here. 在这见到你不奇怪。 * turn out 表明结果。1) turn out ( to be) + n./adj. 结果是.. Our party turned out (to be) a success.
2)It turned out that............ 原来是(表示结果)。that 从句,或其他名词从句,it 作形式主语。e.g. It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time.
3) as it turns out 人们后来发现。e.g. As it turns out, there was not need to worry.
As it turns out, the report was mistaken. 人们后来发现,这篇报告被弄错了。
11, She stood three feet high and her hands rested on th hips.
rest on = depend on, lean on
His hand rested lightly on my shoulder. 他的手轻轻搭在我的肩上。
12, Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far,the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
* despite / in spite of +n. /动名词。* so far,up to now 都是完成时的标志, 到目前为止 e.g. Up to now, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
* discover her identity: find out her identity
1.explore 探索。英释To search for discovery; examine
形近词├explode 爆炸├exploit 开发,利用,剥削├expedite 加速,迅速的└expedition 探险 词组例句:explore outer space 太空勘探。explore every possibilities 系统地研究每一个可能性。explore ancient temple 考察古庙。The archaeologists are exploring the cave.
2.prosperous 繁荣的(修饰经济)。英释,successful or thriving,esp.financially
同/近义词├wealth 富有的├flourishing 兴旺的,繁茂的├thriving 兴隆的├booming 火的迅猛发展的└adequate 充足的
Our finance is prosperous.我们的经济是繁荣的。a prosperous new business 一家成功的新公司。a prosperous family 富裕的一家。a prosperous moment to make a decision 做决定的有利时机
3.civilization 文明。常用词组:enjoys a high level of civilization 享有高度的文明
4.worship 崇拜(非理性的)英释admire;respect
同/近义词├admire 敬佩├adore 爱戴└respect 尊敬
形近词warship 军舰战船
5.sacred 宗教的,神圣的(可修释职业)
同/近义词├divine神的├mystic神秘的├blessed神佑的├religions宗教的├solemn 庄严的,庄重的└holy神圣的,圣洁的
词组sacred music圣乐。sacred promise神圣的诺言。
6.classic adj.精典的,第一流 n.杰作,经典之作
classical古典的(未必精)。 classical music古典音乐。classical education人文科学教育
7.construct(抽象虚的)建设
build (house)/put up (a tent) 实体的建设。found: found a country -
erect:(build high buildings)。 erect monument 建造纪念碑。erect clock tower建造钟楼 set up : set up a union -。establish: establish a school |--侧重
8. rest ... on 搭在...上。eg. Her eyes rest on the picture.。rest with +sb由某人决定
9. hip n.[口]在服用兴奋剂,宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人;消息灵通人士;adj.通晓的,见闻广的 例句:Mary is a real hip The guy isn't a hip.那个家伙什么都不懂.
常用词组:Joined at the hip [口]交情极厚的。eg.This two are joined at the hip.
Shoot from the hip信口开河。eg. Sorry,I said that I shouldn't have shot from the hip.
10.graceful 优雅的(修饰长相体态)
同/近义词├elegant优雅的(修饰举止behavior)├gentle ┬温柔的├tender ┘└naive 可爱的
11.identity 身份。establish identity 验证身份
第四课课文与词汇
1,These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices.。far more money than... 钱远多于。far--副词,用来强调语气,我们也可以用much来替换far
2,refer to ...as 把...看作为。相当于:regard ...as...
e.g. I always refer to him as bookworm. 我总是把他当作书呆子。
for the simple reason that 因为。相当于:for 引导的原因状语从句
e.g. He was sent to the prison for he could not pay his debts. 他进了监狱因为他没法还债。 区别:for the reason that 比because正式,因此多用于正式文体
3, human nature 人之常情
such...that...。that 引导同位语从句,进一步补充说明such的基本内涵
e.g. His kindness was such that we will never forget him.
相当于:He was so kind that we will never forget him. Such was his kindness, that we will never forget him. Tip: Such用在句首时,要倒装。
for the privilege of sth. 为了某种特权。介词for表示一种目的。
be willing to do sth.心甘情愿做...。相当于:be ready to do sth.
4, give rise to引起,惹起。相当于:result in, lead to, cause
e.g. Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. 这种行为会引起误解。
e.g. The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 不良的环境会引起犯罪。 in the case of: 至于,就......而言。e.g. Stealing is no shame in the case of him.
区别:in case of: (连) 万一,以防。e.g. You should ensure your house in case of fire. 5,When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. too embarrassed to say:太尴尬而没有说明。be ashamed of感到羞愧
e.g. Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.
get married 结婚:marry v. 娶,嫁。如果强调动作:He married the girl.。如果表示状态:get married, be married。如果表明和某人已经结婚多长时间了:be married to sb.
e.g. The old man has been married to his wife 50 years.
too...to..., 太...而不能...
6, Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit.
dressed in a smart black suit-----分词作状语,表示一种伴随状态
e.g.He got to work dressed in a beautiful coat.。He left home wearing a smart black suit. 7, He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.
Changed into: 换上。 区别:change back into 换回
8, Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit.
Before returning home...介词before和动名词搭配而成的时间状语,相当于before 引导的时间状语从句。 翻译做:在...之前,...。在表示动作先后发生,且动作是由同一个主体做出时,可以用状语代替状语从句,从而使句子结构很紧凑,意思联系更密切。
e.g. After getting home, he had a good rest. 回家之后,他好好休息了一下。
e.g. Before having dinner, he finished all his homework. 饭前,他完成了作业。
9, AlF's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job.。She never will = she will never discover the secret。在省略句式中, never要放在助动词之前。
e.g.‘Will you go to see her?'。‘ I will never go to see her.' ‘No, I never will.'
10, He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money.
half as much as (he used to): 是 ... 的一半half (a quarter, twice, three times ) as ...as...表示倍数 e.g. I won't marry a man who is twice as old as me.我不像嫁给比我大一倍的人。 e.g. We got three times as many people as we expected. 人数是我们预计的三倍。 e.g. This room is about three times as large as that one. 这屋子是那屋的三倍。
...as (形容词或副词原形)as... 是 ...几倍。 比 ...多几倍:...times (形容词或副词比较级)than... e.g. This road is four times longer than that one. =This road is five times as long as that one. is well worth the loss of money
e.g. What he obtained is well worth the loss of time. 他所获得的很值得,损失点时间也没关系。 Well 是副词用来加强语气,修饰形容词worth。worth adj. 后面只能跟名词或动名词 e.g.His suggestion is worth considering. 他的建议值得考虑。
Special difficulties。英语中的许多动词不能以人作为宾语,只能代某物或某事。如果需要说明是某人就要用介词to.
e.g.He explained the difficulty to me.。He told a story to me.= He told me a story. 两类词汇:tell可以和双宾语搭配(指物的直接宾语,指人的间接宾语)
explain, say只能带一个(直接)宾语,在间接宾语前要介词to
e.g. She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her children.
e.g. He admitted his guilt to the police.. Did you suggest this idea to him?
当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时,通常放在间接宾语之后,但say除外 e.g. I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request.
e.g. He confessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting
第五课课文与词汇
1, Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.
go to extremes 走极端
provide 给...,提供(通常与介词搭配连用)
provide sb. With sth. / provide sth. for sb.
e.g. He provided them with a bed for the night.
He provided a bed for them for the night.
2, Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.
instruct sb. to do sth ==tell sb. formally to do sth. 正式告诉某人做某事
本句的主动语态是:A well-known magazine instructed a journalist to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.
e.g.The teacher instructed him to take the examination.
on =about 侧重强调课题专一
e.g. a book on radio
3, When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it.
When the article arrived = When the editor received the article
refuse to publish it
区别:refuse: vt. 拒绝(态度严厉) e.g. I invited him to dinner, but he refused it.
decline: vt. 婉言谢绝
repudiate: vt. 断然拒绝
4,The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' which 指代the high wall
5,The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
instructing 现在分词进一步补充说明fax的情况
6, The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. set out to do sth. 决定,打算,着手做
相当于 decide and try to do
set about doing
take sb. a long time to do sth. 某事花了某人很久的时间
e.g. It took me five days to write the article.
7, He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply.
two more faxes = another two faxes
more表示
8,When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.
fail to 没能做成什么
reluctantly = unwillingly 勉勉强强地,不情愿地
as it had originally been written = in its original way
9, Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.
not only 位于句首,必须采用倒装形式。
英文中,表示否定的副词或副词短语放在句首时,要用
10, However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace. He had at last been allowed
相当于: he had at last been permitted
he had asked for permission
表示
be allowed to do, be permitted to do, asked for permission to do sth.
in which ----which指代fax
while和现在分词搭配,做时间状语,表示
While he was counting..., he had been arrested.
leading to 现在分词,后置定语,补充说明主语
e.g. the steps leading to the president's palace
the road leading to the forest
fifteen-foot ----做前置定语,这里的foot必须是单数形式
Special difficulties
倒装句简述:倒装句能起到加强语气的作用。
(1) 否定副词位于句首,要倒装。
常用的否定副词:never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no sooner
e.g. Never have I read such stories. 我从来没有读过这样的小说。
Nowhere can he find the book he wants. 无论在哪儿他都找不到他想要的那本书。
Hardly did I think it possible. 我并不认为这是可能的。
(2)含有only的状语位于句首,句子要倒装
e.g. Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.只有到那个时候,他才认识到自己犯了个错误。
(3) 含有not的副词短语位于句首,要倒装。
这类短语有: not for a moment, not in the least , not for an instant, not until
e.g. Not in the least is he interested in English literature.他对英国文学一点也不感兴趣。
(4) 含有no的短语位于句首,句子要倒装。
这类短语有: at no time, in no way, in no sense, by no means, in no case, on no account, on no condition , under no circumstances这些词都翻译做‘绝不'
e.g. On no account must you leave the baby in the house.你无论如何也不能把婴儿留在房间里。
(5) so, such位于句首,句子也要倒装。
e.g. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. (Lesson 4中的句子)
1. consequence n.结果
英释 result
联想记忆 effect, consequence, result, outcome, upshot, sequel
这些名词表示由某种原因引起的事物,如事件、情况或条件等。
effect 是由行为者的行为或原因产生并随后产生的:
Every cause produces more than one effect
consequence 也由原因引起并可追溯到该原因, 但两个词间的关系并不能严格界定:
Servitude is at once the consequence of his crime and the punishment of his guilt.
result 是一种结果,被认为是原因作用下产生的最后结果:
Judging from the results I have seen . . . I cannot say . . . that I agree with you.
outcome 作为一种结果比 result 要强烈, 表示最终结果或原因作用了较长一段时间以后的结果: If you had refused, the outcome would probably not have been very different.
upshot 是一种决定性结果,常用于形容高潮:
The upshot of the matter . . . was that she showed both of them the door .
sequel 是一种在一段时间之后再产生的结果:
Our dreams are the sequel of our waking knowledge.
2. editor n. 编辑
英释 a person who edits materials for publication
短语 chief editor 主编;
联想记忆
edit vt. 编辑
edition n.编辑
editorial adj. 编辑的,主编的;n. 社论,评论
compile v. 汇编(不修改)
compiler n. 汇编者
Eg: a guidebook compiled from a variety of sources compose v.创作
composer 作曲家
compose a poem, an opera , a speech.
Eg:She began to compose at an early age.
3. extreme n. 极端 adj.极端的
常用短语
in the extreme 极其
Eg:He has been generous in the extreme.
go to extreme(s) to do 走极端
Eg: He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one. go from one extreme to the other 从一个极端走向另一个极端
4.statistics n. 统计数字
英释 collected numbers which represent facts
联想记忆 statistician n.统计学家,统计员
accountant 会计师,会计员
auditor 审计员,查账员
statics 静力学
5. journalist n. 新闻记者
英释 a person who writes for a newspaper or a magazine 联想记忆 press / TV / radio reproter 报刊/电视/广播 记者 correspondent (驻远地的)记者,通讯员
6. palace n.王宫;宏伟的住宅
联想记忆
The Forbidden City
Palace Museum
Summer Palace
Buckingham Palace
Downing St.
White Hall
White House
Pentagon
7.publish v. 出版
英释 print vt.
联想记忆
issue v 发行
Eg: The magazine is issued weekly.
come out v. 出版
Eg:When is her new novel coming out?
短语例句
publishing house 出版社
They have already published the magazine.
The book has already been published.
8.impatient adj. 不耐烦的
英释 unable to wait calmly or tolerate the weakness of others 常用短语
be impatient at sth./with sb.不耐心,不耐烦的
You're too impatient with her;she's only a child.
He was getting impatient at having to wait too long. be impatient of sth.:intolerant of sth.无法容忍的
He is impatient of anything stupid.
be impatient for sth/to do sth 急于,渴望的
He is impatient to see his wife.
She is impatient for the result of her examination.
9. fire v. 解雇
英释 to dismiss from a job
Eg: He was fired from his job.
联想记忆
dismiss (正式用语)
Eg: The manager dismissed him from his company. sack(俚语) vt./n 解雇,辞退
Eg: If you do it wrong again you will be sacked
get the sack 被解雇;give the sack 解雇
lay sb. off (暂时)解雇,下岗
Eg: They were laid off because of the lack of new orders. remove sb from sth. 撤职,辞退
Eg:The corrupt official was removed from office