人事部翻译考试模拟题

2005年全国笔译考试模拟题练习篇：微软CEO警告互联网安全问题

Computer users, beware. The head of the world‘s largest software company worries that consumers who make Internet purchases have become too complacent about the risks of financial fraud and stolen identity.

Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer said in an interview with The Associated Press that a calm period without

significant Internet attacks has lulled computer users, even older Web surfers who traditionally have been more anxious than teenagers about their online safety.

"I don‘t want trepidation high, but on the other hand I want people aware of what’s going on and taking

appropriate precautions," Ballmer said Thursday. "I‘m afraid that may have declined, a little too much."Ballmer and other technology executives, all part of the Washington-based Business Software Alliance, met in Washington with congressional leaders and members of President Bush’s Cabinet to lobby over Internet security, foreign trade and protections against software piracy.

They also met with AP reporters and editors for a broad-ranging conversation about future technologies,

downloading music, keeping children away from online smut and general Internet safety."Convenience is improving rapidly. Things I might have been a bit hesitant to do a couple years ago, I‘m willing to go a bit further with today even with some security concerns," said Stephen Elop, chief executive at Macromedia Inc., which makes popular drawing software and programs for animating Web sites.

The executives said parents should teach children to avoid the Internet‘s seedier neighborhoods. Ballmer said one of his sons carries a laptop to school every day and spends hours online unsupervised."We need to oversee and use technology and teach our children what’s appropriate," Ballmer said. "Some of it‘s still going to have to come from parents kind of teaching their kids what’s right. That was true even before the Internet."Intel will set up the global headquarters of its channel product group in China, the first United States microprocessor maker to do so.

As the domestic market has come to play an important role in the global computer and telecommunications

industry, the move is to be expected, a top company executive said Tuesday in Beijing."China is fundamental to Intel‘s future," said Paul Otellini, Intel President and CEO, on his first trip to China, after he took over the posts from Craig Barrett in May.

The country is the world‘s second largest market for computers and the largest in terms of mobile phone users.Otellini said "wow" to describe his company’s growth from zero to US$5 billion in the past 20 years.

He added China has also become one of the most important computer manufacturing bases in the world, so the establishment of the channel product group headquarters in China will allow better execution of Intel‘s platform strategy and develop more solutions to meet the demands of computer makers.Intel said it had not decided which city the headquarters will be located in, and did not announced when the move would be made.

The US giant also took a major step Tuesday in tapping the potential of the so-called digital home with its

partnership with media giant Shanghai Media Group (SMG) in Beijing.Intel and SMG will develop solutions for the production of media content optimized for broadband delivery for three different platforms - televisions, computers and mobile phones.

China‘s population of Internet users has surpassed 100 million, the government said Tuesday. China already has the world’s second-largest population of people online after the United States, which has 135 million.

according to the official Xinhua News Agency.

Last week, China‘s government threatened to shut down Web sites that fail to register with regulators in a new campaign to tighten controls on what the public can see online.

China promotes Internet use for education and business but also tries to block its public from seeing material deemed pornographic or subversive . Authorities also are trying to tighten controls on what children can see online.

Part 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)

Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points, 100 minutes).

I leave the vault, and as the guard closes the door, a marine archaeologist asks if I want to see anything else. As an example he shows me an astrolabe, a navigation tool that preceded the sextant. Few have survived. "We have three of the oldest known," he says. He directs me to a paper on astrolabes written by a Cuban colleague, who quoted a

16th-century instruction: "He who wants to take the sun with an astrolabe at sea, must be seated near the main mast, the place where the boat oscillates the least and is quiet."

I want to take the measure of Cuba's past, so I tell the archaeologist I would like to go to the place where the plain

things are. I am here not only to see treasures that glitter but also to see and touch objects that illumine moments of the past. Smiling, he takes me into storage rooms where he and other archaeologists preserve cargoes from four centuries of wrecks. Jumbled on these shelves is the stuff of Cuba's long reign as counting house and command center for Spain's New World colonies.

I see knickknacks destined for one of the annual 18th-century trade fairs, where Cubans bought imports from Spain. I also see, pallid from centuries in the sea, dozens of little painted ceramic dogs, lions, cats, and deer later shipped from England. Stacked nearby are sets of dinner dishes, tankards, an hourglass, a bottle of very Old Spanish wine.

old fortress, by day a warren of tourist stops, changes by night, looming deeper into the shadows of Havana's past. As torches light the darkness, I watch Cuban soldiers, costumed as 18th-century Spanish sentries, march along the ramparts of the Castillo de San Carlos and fire a cannon that salutes the end of day. In Spanish times the cannon signaled the closing of the city gates and the drawing of a great chain across the harbor. Now the nightly ritual keeps open the sea-lane of memory between colonial past and present nationhood.

Near the waterfront of Old Havana stands the Palace of the Captains General. Once the headquarters of the Spanish bureaucracy that governed Cuba, the palace now is the Museum of the city. Light and shadow play along its walls of coral limestone. Royal palms rustle in its lust courtyard. Up a stone stairway a gallery leads to the spacious office of Eusebio Leal Spengler, historian of the city of Havana and preserver of its past. A slight, precise man in a well-tailored dark suit, he is the obvious ruler of the palace.

We had hardly shaken hands before he began rapidly talking about Havana, a city he sees simultaneously in past and present. The jewels I had viewed in the vault were about to become part of the treasure he guards for Cuba. He has selected an old fort to be their new home. "This," he said with a sweep of his hand, "is the city that changed history. Because of a decision by PhilipⅡ all ships had to gather here to carry treasure back to Spain. And what treasure! Silk and aromatic wood from China, emeralds, silver."

Part 2 Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)

Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points, 80 minutes).

中国海洋事业的发展

海洋覆盖了地球表面的71%，是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分，也是资源的宝库，环境的重要调节器。人类社会的发展必然会越来越多地依赖海洋。

二十一世纪是人类开发利用海洋的新世纪。维护《联合国海洋法公约》确定的国际海洋法律原则，维护海洋健康，保护海洋环境，确保海洋资源的可持续利用和海上安全，已成为人类共同遵守的准则和共同担负的使命。

中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护，把发展海洋事业作为国家发展战略，加强海洋综合管理，不断完善海洋法律制度，积极发展海洋科学技术和教育。中国积极参与联合国系统的海洋事务，推进国家间和地区性海洋领域的合作，并认真履行自己承担的义务，为全球海洋开发和保护事业作出了积极贡献。

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译综合能力模拟试题

Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 Points)

This section consists of three parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.

Part 1 Vocabulary Selection

In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases

respectively marked by letters A, B, C, D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your

Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

1. In Hong Kong, doctors reported that, for unclear reasons, 12 recovered SARS patients had _____ weeks

A. recovered B. relapsed C. reexamined D. re-diagnosed

2. Current demographic trends, such as the fall in the birth rate, should favor _____ economic growth in the long run.

A. slow B. quickened C. speeded D. accelerated

3. All students have free _____ to the library.

A. passageway B. entrance C. permission D. access

4. Columbus had accomplished one of the most amazing and courageous _____ in history.

A. performance B. feats C. events D. acts

5. According to the weather forecast, which is usually _____, it will snow this afternoon.

A. exact B. precise C. perfect D. accurate

6. The janitor's long service with the company was _____ a present.

A. confirmed by B. recorded with

C. appreciated by D. acknowledged with

7. What they never take into account is the frazzled woman who is leading a _____ life —— trying to be a good mother while having to pretend at work that she doesn't have kids at all.

A. double B. hard C. two-way D. miserable

8. Until the final votes are cast, though, assurances _____ for nothing.

A. count B. meant C. give D. account

9. Some philosophers insist that one way to _____ knowledge is through an empirical approach.

A. disseminate B. classify C. test D. acquire

10. If you think her experience is _____, we will employ her.

A. sustainable B. adequate C. strong D. positive

11. The trouble is that not many students really know how to make use of their time to its best _____.

A. benefit B. advantage C. value D. profit

A. fond B. preferred C. adapted to D. accustomed to

13. The explorer told the boys about his _____ in the African forests.

A. stories B. voyage C. adventures D. trips

14. We were working _____ time to get everything ready for the exhibition.

A. against B. in C. on D. ahead

15. He drove fast and arrived an hour _____ schedule.

A. in advance B. before C. by D. ahead of

16. If you hear the fire _____, leave the building quickly.

A. warning B. alarm C. signal D. bell

17. The troops have been on the _____ for a possible enemy attack.

A. alarm B. alert C. warning D. notice

18. Although his people did not _____ his efforts, he kept trying.

A. agree with B. apply to C. approve of D. consent with

19. Picasso's _____ ability was apparent in his early youth when he started drawing sketches.

A. writing B. artistic C. reasoning D. literary

20. We hope that the measures to control prices, _____ taken by the government, will succeed.

A. when B. since C. after D. as

Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement

This part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C, D. You are to select the ONE choice that can replace the underlined word without causing any grammatical error or changing the principal meaning of the sentence. There is only one right answer. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

21. She bustled about with an assumption of authority.

A. air B. supposition C. appearance D. face

22. Table tennis is easy to learn, and, by the same token, boys don't need a lot of space to practice it.

C. moreover D. by logic

23. The old man sat before the fire in a trance, thinking of his past life.

A. in a special position B. in a cozy state

C. in a sleepy state D. in a meditative state

24. Only the élite of society attended the reception for the new governor.

A. those thought of as the best people

B. the intellectuals

C. the white-collar people

D. the officials

25. She embellished the simple dress with colorful embroidery.

A. made B. decorated C. sewed D. improved

26. He felt cheap about rushing to get in line before the old lady carrying heavy parcels.

A. felt inferior and ashamed

B. felt not worthwhile of doing something

C. felt bad about doing something

D. felt unhappy about doing something

27. Only individual benefactors and ad hoc grants have made possible the ecological surveys already

undertaken.

A. additional B. governmental C. special D. organizational

28. The dichotomy postulated by many between morality and interests, between idealism and realism, is one of the standard clichés of the ongoing debate over international affairs.

A. division into two parts B. combination of two parts

C. disparity D. contradiction

29. Miguel's perplexity is understandable ― he's an all-purpose maintenance man at a midtown-Manhattan residential building.

A. all out B. versatile C. prolific D. capable

30. Take the stalemate between the administration and the oil companies for example.

A. case B. deadlock C. conflict D. contradiction

31. The sense of mistrust is compounded by smaller annoyances that leave the families feeling as though no one in authority cares about them.

A. offset B. intensified C. diminished D. annulled

32. The very ubiquity of electronic communications can have a surprising downside, notes Richard Kohn, a military historian at the University of North Carolina: a wife becomes accustomed to frequent e-mail from her husband, until he can't get to a computer. And then her anxiety increases.

A. failure B. underside C. drawback D. consequence

33. The President took a drubbing from much of the press which had breathlessly reported that a deal was in the bag.

A. was sure to be made B. was being considered

C. was their secret weapon D. was their last resort

34. This reflects the priority being attached to economic over political activity, partly caused by a growing reluctance to enter a calling blighted by relentless publicity that all too often ends in destroying careers and reputations.

A. divine summons B. political career

C. profession D. business transaction

35. If you can't dig into the field you have chosen for your pursuit, it is hardly possible for you to achieve anything significant in the field.

A. acquire B. require C. accompany D. accomplish

Part 3 Correcting Grammatical Errors

This part consists of 15 sentences in which there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error.

Below each sentence, there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C, D. You are to select the ONE choice and replace the underlined element(s) so that the error is erased and corrected. There is only one right answer. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

36. Just last week, for example, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the disturbing disclosure that SARS may be pretty deadlier than previously believed.

A. very B. far C. especially D. none

37. What distinguished her in the other girls was her peculiar hairstyle.

A. to B. from C. than D. with

38. During many sectors are foundering, the $21 billion videogame-software industry is booming, adding game developers at a rate of 2,500 a year in the United States alone.

A. When B. Whereas C. Would D. While

39. No such weapons were used and none been found.

A. none have been B. none has

C. no other has been D. no others been

40. No thing fuels cynicism for watching two titanic institutions squabble over their reputations.

A. No… as B. Something … like

C. Nothing … like D. No … than

41. I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, but self-induced pressure.

A. and B. or C. Nil D. with

42. The sales manager of the company suggested more money is to spent in a more effective advertising campaign and better packaging design.

A. is spending on B. will be spent in

C. will be spent on D. be spent on

43. According to some scientists, the computer will do much harm to people's health as smoking and drugs do.

A. does much harm … smoking B. will do as much harm … cigarettes

C. will be doing as much harm… smoking D. does as much harm … cigarettes.

44. The general manager demanded the job will be completed before the National Day.

A. would be completed B. must be completed

C. had to be completed D. be completed

45. In his speech at the conference, the Chairman solemnly stated that the responsibility to our lives and the

A. for … in which B. of … for which

C. of … in which D. for … on which

46. I knew nothing of the motives behind his recent move, and I don't know either the person to put him up to the action.

A. nor did I know … who B. not did I know … that

C. nor do I know … that D. either did I know … who

47. The achievements of the greatest minds in science could never have been reached if it had not been for the patient and accurate work of hundreds of other people.

A. has it not been B. if it had been

C. if hasn't been D. had it not been

48. The government has hardly taken measures to crack down on these crimes when new ones occurred.

A. Hardly had the government taken B. The government had hardly taken

C. Hardly the government had taken D. The government is hardly taking

49. I can still vividly remember to pick our steps in the mountain down the deep valley on my 21st birthday.

A. picking … in the mountains B. picking … on the mountain

C. having picked … from the mountains D. picking… from the mountains

50. The traffic police stopped three trucks heavily loading with merchandise that looked as grain bags.

A. that were loading … like B. loaded with … like

C. to load with … for D. loaded with … for

Section 2: Reading Comprehension (55 Points, 75 minutes)

In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with four (A. B. C and D) suggested answers or ways of finishing. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your

Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

Questions 51-56 are based on the following passage.

As viewed from space, the Earth's distinguishing characteristics are its blue waters and white clouds.

known to harbor life. Circling the Sun at an average distance of 149 million km (93 million miles), the Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the fifth largest planet in the solar system. Its rapid spin and molten nickel-iron core give rise to an extensive magnetic field which, coupled with the atmosphere, shields us from nearly all of the harmful radiation

coming from the Sun and other stars. Most meteors burn up in the Earth's atmosphere before they can strike the surface. The planet's active geological processes have left no evidence of the ancient pelting it almost certainly received soon after it was formed. The Earth has a single natural satellite —— the Moon.

51. Approximately how much of the Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen?

A. One-fourth

B. One-half

C. Three-fourths

D. All of it

52. Which of the following helps to create the Earth's magnetic fields?

A. Its blue waters

B. Its nitrogen atmosphere

C. Its molten metal core

D. The Moon

53. What two factors help protect the Earth from radiation?

A. Magnetic field and atmosphere

B. Rapid spin and molten iron-nickel core

C. The Sun and the Moon

D. Blue waters and white clouds

54. Why does the Earth show almost no signs of having been hit by numerous meteors in the past?

A. Humans have built over most of the craters.

B. Most meteors fell into the ocean and not on land.

C. The Earth's magnetic field repelled most meteors.

D. The Earth's natural geologic activity has eliminated most traces.

A. there are life-supporting characteristics on the Earth.

B. The Earth is predominantly water.

C. The Earth has no common characteristics with other planets.

D. The Earth is the only planet with a moon.

56. This selection leads one to believe that

A. The Earth never gets hit by meteors.

B. The Earth always gets hit by meteors.

C. The Earth was hit by meteors some time in the past.

D. The Earth may be bombarded by meteors in the near future.

Questions 57-62 are based on the following passage.

Since life began eons ago, thousands of creatures have come and gone. Some, such as the dinosaurs, became extinct due to naturally changing ecologic conditions. More recent threats to life forms are humans and their activities. Man has drained marshes, burned prairies, dammed and diverted rivers. Some of the more recent casualties of man's expansion have been the dodo, great auk, passenger pigeon, Irish elk, and Steller's sea cow. Sadly, we can no longer attribute the increasing decline in our wild animals and plant species to "natural" processes. Many species are dying out because of exploitation, habitat alteration or destruction, pollution, or the introduction of new species of plants and animals to an area. As mandated by Congress, protecting endangered species, and restoring them to the point where their existence is no longer jeopardized, is the primary objective of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Endangered Species Program.

57. Which of the following is a form of man's habitat alteration?

A. Glacial encroachment

B. Hurricanes

C. Dammed rivers

D. Snowstorms

58. Which of the following has become extinct due to man's destruction?

A. African elephant

B. Irish elk

D. White Bengal

59. Which of the following would be a likely theme for the next paragraph?

A. Naturally changing ecological conditions

B. Animals that have become extinct

C. Achievements of the government Endangered Species Program

D. Programs that have destroyed natural habitats

60. The tone of this passage is

A. nationalistic.

B. pro-wildlife.

C. anti-wildlife.

D. feminist.

61. According to this passage,

A. man is the cause of some animal extinction.

B. animals often bring about their own extinction.

C. Congress can absolutely end extinction of animals.

D. a law is more important than human responsibility.

62. Which of the following is NOT a cause of increasing decline of wild animal population?

A. Exploitation

B. Pollution

C. Habitat alteration

D. Congressional law

Questions 63-68 are based on the following passage.

The "Karat" marking on jewelry tells you what proportion of gold is mixed with other metals. If 14 parts of gold are mixed with 10 parts of base metal, the combination is called 14-Karat (14K) gold. The higher the Karat rating,

10-Karat gold. Jewelry does not have to be marked with its Karat quality, but most of it is. If there is a Karat quality mark, next to it must be the U.S. registered trademark of the person or company that will stand behind the mark, as required by the National Gold and Silver Stamping Act.

63. If a ring is stamped 24K, it has

A. 204 parts of gold.

B. 24 parts of gold.

C. two and four-tenths parts of gold.

D. 10 parts of gold.

64. Gold which is 10 Karats in proportion

A. represents the highest grade of gold in the U.S.

B. cannot be sold in the U.S.

C. never carries a Karat quality mark.

D. represents the lowest-grade gold marketable in the U.S.

65. If gold is marked with a Karat quality mark, it must also

A. bear a national gold and silver stamp.

B. bear the registered trademark of the entity standing behind the mark.

C. bear a "made in the USA" mark.

D. bear a percentage mark.

66. If the jewelry is marked 14 parts of gold mixed with 10 parts of base metal it will always bear

A. a 14K mark.

B. a 10K mark.

C. an 18K mark.

D. a platinum mark.

67. This paragraph serves the consumer as

A. important buying information.

B. a challenge to buy more gold.

C. a debate over gold prices.

D. advice about buying silver.

68. The Stamping Act is

A. a regulation for tax.

B. rule of law.

C. a law that makes such stamping mandate.

D. an implement.

Questions 69-75 are based on the following passage.

Mr. Faugel was convinced that student nervousness had affected their scores; to reduce the anxiety of these students who had already been tested, he gave 22 of them a beta blocker before readministration of the test. Their scores improved significantly. The other 8 students (who did not receive the beta blockers) improved only slightly.

Second-time test-takers nationwide had average improvements which were similar to those in Faugel's non-beta blocker group. Beta blockers are prescription drugs which have been around for 25 years. These medications, which interfere with the effects of adrenalin, have been used for heart conditions and for minor stress such as stage fright. Now they are used for test anxiety. These drugs seem to help test-takers who have low scores because of test fright, but not those who do not know the material. Since there can be side effects from these beta blockers, physicians are not ready to prescribe them routinely for all test-takers.

69. Where is the only place a person can obtain beta blockers?

A. Supermarket

B. Convenience store

C. Stationary store

D. Doctor's office

70. Why are beta blockers not prescribed regularly?

A. Students are expected to do poorly.

B. There are side effects.

C. The drugs are only 25 years old.

D. They cause test anxiety.

71. According to the passage

A. all people can take beta blockers.

B. beta blockers are widely prescribed.

C. beta blockers work only on test anxiety.

D. beta blockers work only to improve test scores if the test-taker truly knows the material.

72. "Re-administration" in this passage refers to

A. giving the test again to people without administering beta blockers.

B. giving the test again to both groups after beta blockers have been administered to one group.

C. giving the test to both groups of test-takers and then giving them beta blockers.

D. giving the beta blockers without retesting.

73. What possible use for beta blockers was NOT discussed in this passage?

A. Test anxiety

B. Pain relief

C. Minor stress

D. Heart conditions

74. Beta blockers work on some physical and emotional symptoms because they

A. fool a person into a healthier stance.

B. interfere with the effects of adrenalin.

C. produce side effects worse than the symptoms.

D. primarily change human thought processes.

75. Faugel's research showed that beta blockers given to his sample

A. increased scores less than the national average.

B. increased scores the same as the national average.

C. decreased scores.

D. increased scores much more than the national average.

Questions 76-80 are based on the following passage.

During the past three years, the staff members of the Smithsonian Institution's Family Folklore Project have interviewed hundreds of persons about their family folklore. To prepare for these interviews we drew upon our

academic backgrounds in folklore and American studies, and upon our personal backgrounds as members of families. In addition, we reviewed the major instruction guides in genealogy, oral history, family history, and folklore fieldwork. Although these publications were all helpful in some way, no single book was completely adequate since family

folklore combines aspects of all the above disciplines. Over time we have developed guidelines and questions that have proven successful for us; we hope that the following suggestions will be helpful to anyone who wishes to collect the folklore of his or her own family.

76. What would be the topic of the paragraph that would follow this one?

A. How to gather family folklore

B. History of the Smithsonian Institution

C. A description of genealogy

D. Useful books on family folklore

77. What can be inferred about the researchers who conducted the interviews?

A. They were mathematicians and physicists.

B. They were historians and sociologists.

C. They had children.

D. They wrote books.

78. The purpose of this passage is to

A. motivate

B. berate

C. instruct

D. cajole

79. The assumption of this passage is that

A. anyone can successfully interview people about their family folklore without prior training.

C. American history and folklore of Americans have no connections.

D. no guidelines are needed in the interviews.

80. According to the passage, which kind of instructional guide was NOT consulted as a source?

A. Clinical sociology

B. Genealogy guides

C. Oral history

D. Folklore fieldwork

Questions 81-86 are based on the following passage.

Every summer, Jean Piaget retreats to his cabin in the Alps, where he spends most of his days analyzing the mass of research data generated over the past year at his Center for Genetic Epistemology. During long walks along the mountain trails, he mulls over the latest experimental results, and in the cool mountain evenings, he formulates his conclusions. With the approach of fall, he will descend from the mountain, manuscript for a book and several journal articles in hand. This time-honored procedure of careful observation followed by seclusion for thought and synthesis, has enabled him to become the most prolific, if not the most famous psychologist of the century.

Piaget has only been widely known in this country since the 1960s, when his works were translated from their original French. But he has been recognized as an expert in the field of cognitive development in Europe since the 1930s. In fact, Piaget's publishing career can be traced to the year 1906, when as a child of ten, he published his careful notes on the habits of an albino sparrow he observed near his home in Switzerland. After his precocious debut as an ornithologist, he took an after-school job at the local natural history museum, soon becoming an expert on mollusks. At the age of sixteen he was recommended for a curator's position at the natural history museum in Geneva, but declined in favor of continuing his education.

He studied natural science at the University of Neuchatel, obtaining his doctorate at the age of twenty-one. His readings in philosophy stimulated an intense interest in epistemology - the study of humans acquire knowledge. Convinced that cognitive development had a genetic basis, Piaget decided that the best way to approach epistemology would be through its behavioral and biological components. Psychology appeared to be the discipline that best incorporated this approach.

81. According to the passage, Piaget went to the mountains every summer to

A. collect data for his research.

B. avoid the city heat and enjoy the cool weather.

C. live in his cabin where he could analyze the data he collected there.

D. analyze his research data he had collected before.

82. The data Piaget was analyzing in his cabin in the Alps was mostly concerning

A. his findings of the wild life in the mountains.

B. his experiments on the plants and wild life in the mountains.

C. his past experiments on how human beings obtain their knowledge.

D. his working experience at his Center.

83. Which of the following statements is true?

A. When the weather became cool, he went down the mountain and started writing books and articles.

B. When the weather was hot, he went up the mountain and began writing.

C. When the weather was cool, he took long walks on the mountain trails.

D. He liked to walk in the cool evening, thinking about his experiments.

84. According to the passage, Piaget must have published

A. several articles on his observation of sparrows.

B. a few books and articles on the data he had collected.

C. a variety of books and articles on his experiments.

D. a great many books and articles on his observations and research.

85. Piaget's main academic interest was in

A. how human beings learn through observations.

B. the genetic and cognitive basis for humans' cognitive development.

C. analyzing research data through scientific method.

D. behaviorists' views on acquiring knowledge.

86. Piaget can be best regarded as a psychologist who

A. emphasizes the mental processes.

B. stresses the importance of the biological basis.

C. places more emphasis on the behavioral components.

D. sees observations as being more important than others.

Questions 87-95 are based on the following passage.

My Views on Gambling

Most of life is a gamble. Very many of the things we do involve taking some risk in order to achieve a

satisfactory result. We undertake a new job with no idea of the more indirect consequences of our action. Marriage is certainly a gamble and so is the bringing into existence of children, who could prove sad liabilities. A journey, a

business transaction, even a chance remark may result immediately or ultimately in tragedy. Perpetually we gamble - against life, destiny, chance, the unknown - call the invisible opponent what we will. Human survival and progress indicate that usually we win.

So the gambling instinct must be an elemental one. Taking risks to achieve something is a characteristic of all forms of life, including humanity. As soon as man acquired property, the challenge he habitually issued to destiny found an additional expression in a human contest. Early may well have staked his flint axe, his bearskin, his wife, in the hope of adding to his possessions. The acquirement of desirable but nonessential commodities must have increased his scope enormously, while the risk of complete disaster lessened.

So long as man was gambling against destiny, the odds were usually in his favor, especially when he used commonsense. But as the methods of gambling multiplied, the chances of success decreased. A wager against one person offered on average even chances and no third party profited by the transaction. But as soon as commercialized city life developed, mass gambling become common. Thousands of people now compete for large prizes, but with only minute chances of success, while the organizers of gambling concerns enjoy big profits with, in some cases, no risk at all. Few clients of the betting shops, football pools, state lotteries, bingo sessions, even charity raffles, realize fully the flimsiness of their chances and the fact that without fantastic luck they are certain to lose rather than gain.

Little irreparable harm results for the normal individual. That big business profits from the satisfaction of a human instinct is a common enough phenomenon. The average wage-earner, who leads a colorless existence, devotes a small percentage of his earnings to keeping alive with extraordinary constancy the dream of achieving some magic change in his life. Gambling is in most cases a non-toxic drug against boredom and apathy and may well preserve good temper, patience and optimism in dreary circumstances. A sudden windfall may unbalance a weaker, less intelligent person and even ruin his life. And the lure of something for nothing as an ideal evokes criticism from the more rigidly upright representatives of the community. But few of us have the right to condemn as few of us can say we never gamble - even it is only investing a few pence a week in the firm's football sweep or the church bazaar "lucky dip."

Trouble develops, however, when any human instinct or appetite becomes overdeveloped. Moderate drinking produces few harmful effects but drunkenness and alcoholism can have terrible consequences. With an unlucky combination of temperament and circumstances, gambling can only become an obsession, almost a form of insanity, resulting in the loss not only of a man's property but of his self-respect and his conscience. Far worse are the sufferings of his dependants, deprived of material comfort and condemned to watching his deterioration and hopelessness. They share none of his feverish excitement or the exhilaration of his rare success. The fact that he does not wish to be cured makes psychological treatment of the gambling addict almost impossible. He will use any means, including stealing, to enable him to carry on. It might be possible to pay what salary he can earn to his wife for the family maintenance but this is clearly no solution. Nothing - education, home environment, other interest, wise discouragement - is likely to restrain the obsessed gambler and even when it is he alone who suffers the consequences, his disease is a cruel one, resulting in a wasted, unhappy life.

Even in the case of the more physically harmful of human indulgences, repressive legislation often merely increases the damage by causing more vicious activities designed to perpetuate the indulgence in secret. On the whole, though negative, gambling is no vice within reasonable limits. It would still exist in an ideal society. The most we can hope for is control over exaggerated profits resulting from its business exploitation, far more attention and research devoted to the unhappy gambling addict and the type of education which will encourage an interest in so many other constructive activities that gambling itself will lose its fascination as an opiate to a dreary existence. It could be regarded as an occasional mildly exciting game, never to be taken very seriously.

87. According to the author, we gamble regardless of the risk because we

A. want to survive.

B. usually win in the gamble.

C. don't know the indirect consequences of the action.

D. wish to achieve what may bring us satisfaction.

88. The bringing into existence of children is also a gamble because they may

A. be mentally retarded.

B. become our disappointment

C. go against us

D. become our opponents.

89. According to the passage, we all take risk in gambling because we are

A. born with the tendency of taking risks.

B. forced to achieve satisfactory result.

C. obliged to achieve what we desire.

D. born with the nature of achieving satisfaction.

90. The gambling instinct, according to the author, is reinforced by humans' desire to

A. give up unnecessary property.

B. add more to their material possession.

C. get desirable commodities.

D. change their living conditions.

91. Which of the following is true?

A. If we dare to gamble, we will usually win.

B. If we use commonsense to gamble, we will usually lose.

C. The luck is usually on our side so long as we have the confidence to change our fate.

D. We all have the luck to win the gamble if we use commonsense.

92. Which of the following is true?

A. The more the methods to gamble, the fewer the chance to succeed.

B. Commonsense plays a role in succeeding in a gamble.

C. The more methods there are, the less profit we will make.

D. The more methods there are, the more chances for us to win a gamble.

93. Who get profits from gambling activities with no risks?

A. Those who organize the activities.

B. Those who often go to state lotteries.

C. Those who often go to football pools.

D. Those who do not take it so seriously.

94. Many people would like to give away a small sum of money because they constantly thing the donation may

A. not affect their general income.

B. bring them unexpected big sums of money.

C. help them preserve their temper and patience.

D. bring them some pennies from heaven.

95. According to the author, gambling may lose its fascination if we

A. create more chances.

B. do not take it so seriously

C. organize more other activities

D. help develop an interest in other activities.

Questions 96-100 are based on the following passage.

Summerhill began as an experimental school. It is no longer such; it is now a demonstration school, for it demonstrates that freedom works.

When my first wife and I began the school, we had one main idea: to make the school fit the child - instead of making the child fit the school. I had this idea because I had taught in ordinary schools for many years. I knew the other way well. I knew it was all wrong. It was wrong because it was based on an adult conception of what a child should be and of how a child should learn. The other way dated from the days when psychology was still and unknown science.

Well, we set out to make a school in which we should allow children freedom to be themselves. In order to do this, we had to renounce all discipline, all direction, all suggestion, all moral training, all religious instruction. We have been called brave, but it did not require courage. All it required was what we had - a complete belief in the child as a good, not an evil, being. For almost forty years, this belief in the goodness of the child has never wavered; it rather has become a final faith.

My view is that a child is innately wise and realistic. If left to himself without adult suggestion of any kind, he will develop as far as he is capable of developing. But, what is Summerhill like? Well, for one thing, lessons are

optional. Children can go to them to stay away from them - for years if they want to. There is a timetable - but only for the teachers.

The children have classes usually according to their age, but sometimes according to their interests. We have no new methods of teaching, because we do not consider that teaching in itself matters very much. Whether a school has or has not a special method for teaching long division is of no significance, for long division is of no importance except to those who want to learn it. And the child who wants to learn long division will learn it no matter how taught.

Children who come to Summerhill as kindergarteners attend lessons from the beginning of their stay; but pupil from other schools vow that they will never attend any beastly lessons again at any time. They play and cycle and get in people's way, but they fight shy of lessons. This sometimes goes on for months. They recovery time is

proportionate to the hatred their last school gave them. Our record case was a girl from a convent. She loafed for three years. The average period of recovery from lesson aversion is three months.

Summerhill is probably the happiest school in the world. We have no truants and seldom a case of

homesickness. We very rarely have fights - quarrels, of course. I have seldom seen a stand-up fight like the ones we used to have as boys. I seldom hear a child cry, because children when free have much less hate to express than children who are downtrodden. Hate breeds hate, and love breads love. Love means approving of children, and that is essential in any school. You can't be on the side of children if you punish them and storm at them. Summerhill is a school in which the child knows what he is approved of.

96. According to the passage, Summerhill places more emphasis on

A. improving the teaching method.

B. physical activities than on mental training.

C. instilling confidence in the child.

D. freeing the child from heavy burden of lessons.

97. According to the author, the difference between Summerhill and other conventional schools is that

Summerhill

A. has a well-planned timetable for the teachers.

B. treats children as a person.

C. prevents children from fighting and crying.

D. helps children recover from depression.

98. Summerhill, according to the passage, is

A. a discipline-centered school.

B. an instruction-centered school.

C. teacher-centered school.

D. students-centered school.

99. According to the author, a good school and its teachers should not

A. set out strict disciplines and punish children.

B. ignore proper teaching method.

C. require children to attend lessons regularly.

D. regulate the children's behavior by adult standard.

100. The approach Summerhill adopts in its education can be termed as being

A. humanistic.

B. realistic.

C. physiological.

D. psychological.

Section 3: Cloze Test (20 Points)

In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to

provide each of the blanks with the missing word. The time for this section is 20 minutes. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

Statistics from China ____(1) be mind boggling: 1.2 billion ____(2), 1.73 trillion cigarettes smoked in a year, 7,000 different ____(3) of woody plants. But amid all of these staggering sums, one factoid stands ____(4) for both its audacious size and for what it says about China's future: there are 630 million Chinese under the age of 24. That's a lot of ____(5) energy to burn. Materialism may be the ____(6) preoccupation among China's young people these days, but just beneath the surface lies a feeling ____(7) wounded nationalist pride and an ever-deepening spiritual hunger. It isn't clear where China's young people are headed. But this is a generation that, by its ____(8) size and certain talents, will ____(9) the world's destiny.

Here's another sobering statistic: this is Terry McCarthy's 22nd, and final, cover ____(10) for TIME Asia - he's leaving the region ____(11) three years to become TIME's Los Angeles ____(12) chief. McCarthy, who has indefatigably crisscrossed Asia out of his twin bases of Hong Kong and Shanghai, was the main driver ____(13) this week's superb special report on young China. He developed the story list, guided much ____(14) the reporting and wrote some of the articles. All ____(15) planning a swank black-tie masked ball last weekend in Shanghai. "I was

____(16) by the willingness of individual Chinese to write for us or talk about their ____(17)," McCarthy says about the special ____(18). "These are the guys ____(19) are going to be running the country in 20 ____(20)." If we're lucky, McCarthy will be back in the region long before then.