牛津高中英语模块六语言点

牛津高中英语模块六语言点 2012/8/14

Unit 1 Laughter is good for you

一、Reading

1. stand up for sth: 支持，维护……

We should strive to stand up for our right.

2. stage: n. 舞台，阶段，时期

be on the stage: 在舞台上；当演员，登台表演

go on the stage: 上舞台，当演员

on stage: 在舞台上

at a early stage: 在早期

① One minute on the stage and ten years of practice off the stage.

② She wanted to go on the stage from an early age. 他从小就相当演员。

③ We watched them from afar, and admired them only on screen and on stage.

我们远远的注视他们，只能通过荧屏或舞台钦慕他们的风采。

④ The babies develop quickly at an early stage.

3. variety: n. (1) 变化，多样性[U] a life lacking variety.

(2) 种类，各种各样

a variety of sth: 各种各样的 varieties of sth:

① He left for a variety of reasons.

② In the green grocers’ there are varieties of greens. 菜市场里有各种各样的蔬菜。

③ The varieties of goods in this supermarket are rich.

4. behave well / badly: 行为表现好∕坏

behave oneself: 行为表现好

① He behaves badly all the time.

② Children, please behave yourself.

5. tease sb / make fun of sb: 取笑，嘲弄

Don’t take what he said seriously, she is just teasing you. 别拿他的话当真，他只是在取笑你。

6. 被……绊倒

trip sth (up): 绊倒……

① She tripped over a cat and fell down.

② He tried to trip me but in vain.

7. get one’s start: 挣得第一桶金

howl with laughter: 哈哈大笑

He got his start in the business and howled with laughter.

8. have affection for sth: 喜爱，钟爱

He has great affection for his work.

9. later on: 后来，过些时候

10. such: adj. 那样的，这样的，如此的

such与数词或不定代词any，some，all，no等连用时放在它们之后；与不定冠词连用时，放在不定代词之前。例如：

① There is no such thing as a free lunch.

② You gave me such a flight.

11. live: adj. & adv. 现场直播的∕地

① a live program. ② The concert was broadcast live on TV.

12. well: adv. (1) 充分地，彻底地； (2) 相当地，远远地，颇，很

① The pan must be dried well before you put it away.

② He looks well over 40. 他看上去远远地超过40岁。

二、Word power

有关笑的谚语

1. laugh one’s head off: 大笑不止

2. smile on sb: 有利于，垂青，带来好运

3. have the last laugh / He who laughs last laughs best: 笑到最后，笑得最好

4. no laughing matter: 严肃的事，不是闹着玩的

5. laughing stock: 笑柄

6. laugh in one’s face: 当面嘲笑某人

7. be all smiles: 满脸堆笑

三、Grammar

1. participate in sth: 参加，参与……

participation: [pa:͵tisi′peiʃn] n. [U]参加，参与 (in)

participant: [pa:͵tisi′pənt] n. 参加者，参与者

① The whole class are participating the discussion.

② We want more participation in the decision-making process. 2.

drive sb away: 赶跑……

drive (sb) off: 驾车离开；赶走∕击退……

drive sth up: 迫使……上涨

① Your anger will drive him away.

② After the accident, the other car drove off.

③ We keep dogs in the yard to drop off the intruders(非法闯入者).

④ The oil shortage drove gas prices up by 20 cents a gallon.

3. guarantee: (1) vt. 担保，保证；保修，包换

guarantee sth: 保证，担保

guarantee to do sth: 保证做…….

guarantee that: 保证…….

guarantee sb sth: 保证某人……

① guarantee your safety / your debt. 保证你的安全∕担保你的债务

② We guarantee to deliver the package within one week.

③ These days getting a degree(学位) will guarantee you a good job.

④ The radio is guaranteed for a year. 收音机保修一年。

(2) n. 保修单∕期；保证；担保（物）

there is no guarantee that: 无法保证……∕……不一定……

There is no guarantee that it will be a nice weather tomorrow.

4. instruct: vt. 命令，指示；传授，告知

instruction: n. 命令，指示；传授，使用说明

instructive: adj. 有教育意义的，启发性的

instruct sb to do sth: 命令∕指示某人做……

instruct sb in sth: 传授某人……

instruct (sb) that: 告知某人……

① I have instructed him to keep the door locked.

② All our staff have been instructed in sign language. 我们所有的员工都被教授了手语。

③ We are instructed by our client that you owe them ₤300. 我们的委托人通知我们说你欠他们300英镑。

5. take on sb / sth: 雇佣；呈现；承担

take on some staff. 雇佣一些员工

take on a puzzled look. 呈现困惑的神色

take on a challenging task. 承担挑战性的任务

6. move on to (doing) sth: 开始做……；换话题

Can we move on to a new topic?

7. polish: ㈠ n. (1)上光剂，鞋油 (2) 优雅 (3) 磨光，擦亮[C]

① You should use wax polish on wooden furniture. 你应该在木制家具上打上蜡。

② Four years of college gave her considerable polish. 四年的大学给了她更多的优雅。

③ Give your shoes a polish. 把你的鞋子擦一下。

㈡ vt. polish sth (up) : 磨光，擦亮……

polish sth up: 改善∕提高……

polish sth off: 迅速做完……

① polish (up) the table.

② Will you polish up this article a bit before we send it to the printer?

在这篇文章付印以前，请把它修改一下好吗？

③ We can polish the job off with the help of the new computer.

四、Project

1. as if从句省略

如果as if引导的从句和主句的主语一致，同时从句中含有be的适当形式，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。剩余部分为名词、形容词、介词短语、分词或不定式等。as if引导的从句是否为虚拟语气，要根据上下文判断。例如：

① He behaved as if (he was) a fool.

② The old man lay there as if (he was) dead.

③ Ruby(鲁比) glanced about as if (she was) in search of something.

④ John paused as if (he was ) expecting Mary to speak.

⑤ They opened their eyes wide as (they were) shocked by the sudden appearance of the lost boy.

⑥ The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ___________ whether he was going in the right direction. （2003，北京春）

A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see

答案为D。

2. (Page 14, Line 21) mind if I sit down?

这是个省略句，完整的句子为would you mind if I sit down?

3. please do: 好吧，请吧。

—Would you mind my opening the door?

—______.

A. Yes, open it B. No, you wouldn’t C. No, go ahead D. Yes, please do (答案为C)

4. make room for sth: 为……腾出地方

Please put away these books and make room for the piano.

5. dash: vi. 急奔，猛冲

n. 急奔，猛冲；短跑；破折号

dash sth off: 匆忙完成……

① An ambulance dashed to the scene of the accident. 救护车风驰电掣地赶往事故现场。

② She dashed off a letter to her mother. 她给母亲匆匆写了一封信。

③ He made a dash for the bus. 他猛冲过去追赶汽车。

④ He finished first in the 100-meter dash. 他在100米短跑中得了第一名。

6. tear: (tore, torn) vt. 撕，扯

tear sth to pieces: 把„„撕成碎片 tear sth apart:

tear sth open: 撕∕拆开……

① The contract(合同) lay on the ground, torn to pieces.

② He torn the letter open and found a bill of 50 yuan.

7. burst: (burst, burst)

(1) vi. 猛冲；突然出现；爆裂

burst in: 突然闯入

burst into sth: 突然……起来 burst out doing:

① burst into tears / burst out crying: 突然大哭起来

② burst into laughter / burst out laughing: 突然大笑起来

③ burst into flames: 突然起火

(2) n. 突发，迸发；爆炸；裂口

a burst in the water pipe

a sudden burst of danger: 怒火的迸发

Unit 2 What is happiness to you

一、Reading

1. be surrounded by / with sth: 被……包围∕环绕

surrounding: adj. (作定语) 附近的，周围的

surroundings: n. 环境，周围的事物

① The house was surrounded by high walls and green trees.

② The surrounding area is known for its beautiful views.

③ Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings. 动物园中的动物没有自然环境。

2. times: n. 时代，时期，日子

in modern times: 在现代

Times are hard for me. 我的日子很难。

3. by: 到……时间为止

by + 现在时间, 主句用现在完成时

by + 过去时间, 主句用过去完成时

by + 将来时间, 主句用将来完成时

① By this week, we have accomplished 2 projects.

② By the time he realized his view was wrong, he had nearly finished his essay.

③ He will have been in the army for 10 years by next June.

4. apart: adj. & adv.

(1) (时间、空间上)相隔，相距

① The two houses stand 500m apart.

② The birthday is only 3 days apart.

(2) 分离（的）；分开（的）；破裂（的）

tell sth apart: 区分开……

fall apart: vi. 崩溃，瓦解，散架

live apart from sb: 与……分开住

① I can’t tell the twins apart.

② When his wife left him, his world just fall apart.

③ We are living apart from our parents.

5. apart from sth: (1) (=except) 除……以外 (2) (=besides) 除……以外也……

① All the articles are good apart from this one.

② Apart from their houses in London, they also have a villa(别墅) in Spain.

6. cost sb sth: 使某人付出……

① The meal cost me 10 dollars.

② The scandal(丑闻) cost the girl her career. 7.

rush sb to sth: 把……急送……

in a rush: 匆忙地

① The patient was rushed to the airport by the ambulance.

② Those words came out in a rush.

8. spirits: n. 精神，情绪，心境

in high spirits: 情绪高昂

in low / poor spirits: 情绪低落

The achievements put us in high spirits.

9. appreciation: n. [U] (1) 感激 (2) 欣赏；鉴定 (3) 理解

in appreciation of sth: 以感激……

① He showed his appreciation for our work.

② Please accept this gift in appreciation of your help.

③ She showed little appreciation of good music. 她感受不到美好音乐的好处。

10. cry over / about sth: 因为……哭泣

cry over spilt milk: 作于事无补的担忧。

① As the saying goes, “It’s no use crying over spilt milk”.

② It’s stupid to cry over something unimportant.

11. adapt: v. 适应；改编

adaptation: [,ædæp′teʃən] n. 适应，改编（本）

adapt to sth: 适应……

adapt oneself to sth: 使某人（自己）适应……

① adapt a script. 改编剧本

② Our eyes soon adapted to the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗。

③ She adapted herself to the climate.

12. go after sth: 追赶；追求，谋求

① He went after the burglars. 他追赶那些盗贼。

② He goes after every woman he meets.

③ We are both going after the same job. 我们俩都谋求得到这份工作。

13. heart and soul: adv. 全心全意地

We must serve the people heart and soul.

14. advocate: vt. 主张，提倡；拥护

advocate (doing) sth:

advocate that:

① Do you advocate banning cars in the city center?

② I advocate a policy of gradual reform. 我拥护逐步改革的政策。

③ The report advocated that we should try our best to protect the environment.

二、Grammar

1. accompany: vt. (1) 陪伴，陪同 (2) 为……伴奏

accompaniment: [əʹ kʌmpənimənt] n. (1) 伴奏 (2) 伴随物，配料

accompanist: [əʹ kʌmpənist] n. 伴奏者

accompany sb / keep sb company: 陪伴……

to the accompaniment of sb: 在……伴奏下

① Accompanied by his mother, the boy visited many places of interests.

② The singer was accompanied on the piano by his sister. 这位歌唱家由他妹妹钢琴伴奏。

③ She left the stage to the accompaniment of loud cheers. 她在一片欢呼声中离开了舞台。

2. follow the procedures: 遵循这些步骤

3. to one’s relief: 使…..宽慰的是

To our great relief, the children all arrived home safely.

4. head for sth / make for sth: 去…...

leave for sth: 动身去……

① It’s getting late; we’d better turn and make for home. 天晚了，我们最好折回家把。

② I will leave for the airport this afternoon.

5. feel caught between sth: 在……之间感到左右为难

I felt caught between further study and looking for a job when graduating from university.

6. It feels like + 从句: 似乎，感觉好像……

We just met a couple of days ago, but it feels like we have known each other for a lifetime.

我们几天前才认识，但感觉好像认识了很久。

7. quit: (quit, quit / quitted, quitted) vt. & vi. 辞去；停止，离开

quit doing sth: 停止做……

quit school: 辍学 quit one’s job: 辞职 quit smoking: 戒烟

① He got his present job when he quit / quitted the army. 他退伍后得到现在这份工作。

② If I don’ t get a pay rise, I will quit.

三、Project

1. ahead of sth: (1) 在……前面 (2) 比……先进，领先

① Directly ahead of us is the royal palace. 我们正前方就是皇宫。

② She was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 她远远领先班级的其他人。

2. at this point: 在这时，在这一点

at that point: 在那时，在那一点

① Do you have any questions at this point?

② At that point the road dips into a valley. 在那一点，那条路直向山谷伸展。

主语部分含有实义动词do的适当形式，作表语的不定式常常省略to.

What she wants to do is (to) go home and have a good rest.

4. feel like sth: 摸起来像......；感觉像是……

feel like doing sth: 想要做……

feel like + 从句: 感觉好像…… (like此时等于as if 或as though)

① This kind of cloth feels like silk.

② I don’t feel like cooking, let’s eat out. 我不想做饭，我们出去吃吧。

③ I feel like I am going to be sick. 我觉得我好想要病了。

④ If felt like a great weight had been lifted from us. 我们如释重负。

5. (Page 31, Lines 8-10) Humans will have leant to fix many of the problems……

(1) will have done: 将会做过……. (将来完成时)

We will have taken 5 exams by next Friday.

(2) fix / solve sth: 解决…… fix a problem.

6. company: n. [U] 陪伴，和他人在一起

keep sb company / accompany sb: 陪伴某人

enjoy one’s company: 享受……的陪伴；喜欢和……在一起

in company with sb: 和……一起

① I’ll stay here and keep you company. 我留下来陪你。

② I enjoy his company when I am have free time. 我闲时喜欢和他在一起。

③ Tom, in company with many others, feel this decision was wrong.

汤姆，还有许多人，都认为这个决定是错误的。

Unit 3 Understanding each other

一、Reading

1. hug: vt. (hugged; hugging) 拥抱

n. 拥抱 give sb a hug = hug sb

① Jane threw her arms and hugged him tight.

② Paul gave me a hug and smiled.

2. cultural differences: 文化差异

cultural shock: 文化冲突

3. 从句: 确保，保证……

保证某人……

① All the necessary steps have been taken to ensure their safety.

② I can’t ensure that he will be there on time.

③ This medicine will ensure you a good night’s sleep.

4. prohibit: vt. (prohibited; prohibiting) 禁止

prohibit sb from doing sth:

forbid sb from doing sth: 禁止某人做…… forbid sb to do sth:

ban sb from doing sth:

◆◆prohibition: [,prəuhiʹbiʃn] n. (1) [U] 禁止，阻止 (2) [C] 禁令，禁律

① The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children. 法律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟。 ② He was forbidden to talk to her.

③ She has been banned from driving for six months.

④ They voted in favor of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.

他们投票赞成禁止在公共场合抽烟。

⑤ a prohibition against the sale of firearms. 禁止出售火器的禁令。

5. adjust: vt. & vi. 适应，习惯；调整，调节

adjust to (doing) sth: 适应∕习惯……

adjust sth to sth: 调整……以适应……

adjust oneself to sth: 使某人自己适应……

① It took her a long time to adjust to living alone.

② This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need. 这种书桌的高度可以按照你的要求调节。 ③ He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country. 他很快使自己适应了这个国家的炎热。

6. be accustomed to sth: 习惯于……

Accustomed to the city life, the young man has made great progress in his career.

7. alike: adj. (不用于名词前) 相像的，相同的 look alike: 看上去相似

adv. 一样地，相似地

① He and his sister are alike / look alike in many ways. 在很多方面，他和她妹妹很像。

② They tried to treat the children alike.

8. set off fireworks: 燃放烟火

9. celebration: n. 庆典，庆祝（活动）

in celebration of: 以庆祝……

① birthday celebrations: 生日庆典

② a party in celebration of their 50th wedding anniversary.

10. do without: 将就

If there is none left, we’ll have to do without. 如果没有剩余的，我们只好将就了。

二、Grammar

1. in one’s youth: 在……年轻时

He had been a talented musician in his youth.

2. let alone: 更不用说（多用于否定句，后接任何词性的词项。）

① There isn’t enough room for us, let alone six dogs and a cat.

② I haven’t decided on the menu, let alone bought the food. 我还没决定吃什么菜，更不用说买食物了。 ③ I have never thought of it, let alone did I do it. 我都没有想到它，更谈不上去做了。

3. take up: vt. (1) 占用（时间∕空间）

① Writing the paper took up most of my spare time.

② The piano took up too much space.

(2) 拿起 take up arms: 拿起武器

4. show sb around sth: 带领某人参观……

Shown around the museum by the guide, we then went to the concert.

三、Project

1. minority: n. 少数民族；少数（人）

(1) be in the / a minority: 占少数 Girls are in the minority in our class.

(2) 表示“少数”时，为集合名词。单独作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个

体或其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

① The minority is subordinate to the majority. 少数服从多数。

② Only a minority of people support the new law.

(3) the rights of ethnic minorities: 少数民族的权利

2. job hunting: 求职，找工作

job hunter / job seeker: 求职者

3. feast: ㈠ n. (1) 盛宴，宴会，节日 (2) 享受；赏心乐事(for)

举行盛宴

是......的享受∕盛宴

The evening concert was a real feast for music lovers / our eyes.

㈡ v. 盛宴款待；享受……

尽情享用……

feast one’s eyes on sth: 尽情欣赏；饱览

用…..款待∕宴请……

① They are feasting on the roasted meat.他们正在尽情享用烤肉。

② She feasted her eyes on the beauty of the valley.她饱览那山谷的美景。

③ They feasted their guests with delicious food. 他们用美食招待客人。

4. have power over sb / sth: 支配，控制

Humans can only have power over themselves, not the whole world.

Unit 4 Helping people around the world

一、Reading

1. refer: v. (referred; referring)

(1) refer to sth / sb: 提及，参考；查阅；涉及；指……

称……为……

① refer to a dictionary.

② Although he didn’t mention any name, everyone knew who he was referring to.

③ Johnson referred to this discovery as a major breakthrough.

(2) refer sth to sb: 把……提交给某人（以谋求帮助、指点、行动支持等）

① refer the patients to the specialist for treatment. 把病人交给专科医生治疗。

② This dispute(争端) was referred to the UN. 该项争端已提交给联合国处理。

2. ambassador: n. (1) 大使 (2) 使者，代表

the ambassador to sth: 驻……大使

① He was appointed as ambassador to the US. 他被任命为驻美国大使。

② The Queen was represented at the funeral by the British ambassador. 英国大使代表女王参加了葬礼。 ③ We are dinning the ambassador this week. 我们本周宴请大使。

3. be honored to do sth: 做……感到荣幸

We are very honored to have you with us.

4. assist sb with sth:

assist sb (in) doing sth: 帮助某人……

assist sb to do sth:

① Can I assist you with these parcels? 我帮你拿这些包好吗？

② We asked him to assist us in designing a new bridge.我们请他帮助我们设计一座新大桥。 ③ He will assist you to complete the task. 他将帮助你完成这项任务。

5. worthy: adj. (1) 值得……的 (2) 值得尊敬的 (3) 有价值的

be worthy of sth: 值得……

……值得…… ① He is worthy of confidence. 他值得信任。

② His advice is worthy of being considered / to be considered. 他的建议值得考虑。

③ A worthy suggestion. 有价值的建议

6. in addition: (=besides)除……以外，此外

in addition to sth: 除……以外

① You need money and time; in addition, you need diligence. 你需要金钱和时间；此外，你还需要努力。 ② She gets various perquisites(津贴) in addition to her wages.

7. equal: adj. 平等的；相等的；能胜任的

n. 同等的人；相等物

vt. 等于，比得上

be equal to sth: 等于……(=equal sth)；能胜任……

have no equal / be without equal: 无与伦比

① Equal pay for equal work: 同工同酬

② One plus two is equal to three. / One plus two equals three.

③ He is equal to the task. 他能胜任这项工作。

④ Your feelings are always in full display, and once you lose patience, your violence would have no equal. 你总是喜形于色，一旦你失去耐心，你的暴力无人能及。

⑤ No one equal him in strength.

⑥ Equal the Olympic record: 平了奥运会纪录。 8. draw one’s attention to sth: 使某人注意…… bring sth one’s attention:

① The victory of fighting the flood has drawn people’s attention to the reconstruction of their homeland. ② He brought this fact to the people’s attention.

9. acquire: vt. (1) (正式)购得，得到 (2) 掌握，获得(知识，技能等)

acquisition: [,ækwi′ziʃn] n. 习得，获得

① acquire new language.

② second language acquisition: 第二语言习得

10. worthwhile: adj. (作表语，定语) (1) 重要的 (2) 值得花费……的

It is worthwhile doing sth / to do sth: 值得……

① It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.

② It is worthwhile to discuss the plan.

③ They achieved a very worthwhile result.

11. under the umbrella of sth: 在……保护下

He rescued the boy under the umbrella of the police.

12. lack: n. & vt. 缺乏

be lacking in sth: 缺乏……

lack sth: 缺乏……

a lack of sth: 缺乏（一般表示泛指）

lack of sth: 缺乏（一般前面有限定词；再者就是固定搭配， 前面不加a）

① He showed a complete lack of confidence.

② The case was dismissed for lack of hard evidence. 因为缺乏可靠地证据，这个案件被驳回了。

③ Lack of knowledge makes him very anxious.

④ His reception of us was lacking in warmth. 他对我们的接待缺少热情。

二、Word power

1. loan: (1) n. 贷款；借出

① repay a loan: 还贷

② Thanks for the loan of your camera.

(2) vt. 借出 loan sth to sb: 把……借给…… Can you loan these books to me now?

2. inherit the heritage / carry on the heritage: 继承遗产

三、Grammar

1. means: n. (单复数同) 手段，方法

by all means: 当然可以

by no means: 绝不，一点也不

by means of sth: 借助，通过

① ---Can I see it?

---By all means.

② By no means is she poor; in fact, she is quite rich.

③ Lift the load by means of a crane. 用起重机把重物吊起。

④ There is no means of finding out what happened. 无法搞清楚发生了什么？

⑤ All the means have been tried to help rescue the survivors in the earthquake.

2. fetch: vt. (1) 去拿来；请来，找来 (2) 卖得(价格)

fetch sb sth / fetch sth for sb: 给某人拿……

① Honey, please go and fetch a doctor right now.

② Please fetch me some chalk.

③ The painting is expected to fetch 200,000 yuan.

四、Project

1. chaos: n. 凌乱，杂乱

in chaos: (= in a mess) 凌乱不堪

When I entered the room, I found everything is in chaos.

2. shot: n. 注射

Tom had a fever, so the doctor gave him a shot.

3. (Page 62, Lines 11-12) The situation is very different here, so are the problems.

→so + 助动词+ 主语: ……也一样

He has retired from work, so have the couple. 4.

on one’s way to sth: 在去……的途中 on the way to sth:

Have you seen the film “ On the Way to School”(上学路上)?

5. get hold of sth: vt. 得到，抓住

The baby got hold of the paper and began to tear it.

6. catch / get / take / grab / seize hold of sth: 抓住，握住，拿住……

① Grab hold of the rope, and pull yourself up. 抓住绳子，自己爬上来。

② He caught hold of Tom’s wrist, so Tom couldn’t get away.

7. the access to sth: ……的机会∕权利∕通道∕途径

① The library enables students to have access to good books.

② The only access to the village is by boat.

8. crowd: n. 人群

v. 挤满，塞满，使拥挤

crowded: adj. 拥挤的

be crowded with sth: 挤满了……

crowd sb out: 排挤……；把……挤出

crowds of sth: 成群的……

① supporters crowded the stadium to welcome their dream hero.

② The bigger software companies are crowding out small businesses.

9. be limited to sth: 局限于……

Such penalty shall be limited to 2% of the contract value. 该罚款不应超过合同总价的2%。

10. think back to sth: 回想起，回忆起

The photographs made me think back to my schooldays.

11. angle: n. 角，角度，夹角

from a new angle: 从新的角度

① an angle of 45°： 一个45度的角。

② We need to consider the issue from a new angle.

③ My head struck the angle of the shelf.

12. make a difference to sth: 对……起作用∕有影响

Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health. 运动能对你的健康状况起到很大的作用。 11