英语字母及字母组合的发音规则

英语字母及字母组合的发音规则 一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词

a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg

i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim

o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中 [ɔ] clock not box shop sock

u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中，元音字母u 在辅音字母j l r s 后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super

二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词

a 在[w]音后面 [ɔ] want what watch wash quality

a 在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i 在-nd -ld和gh 前 [ai] find child light high o 在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold o 在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother

三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词

a [ə] China another woman breakfast [i] orange comrade village cabbage e [ə] hundred student open weekend [i] chicken pocket begin children

i [ə]/ holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite

o [ə] second tonight somebody welcome [əu ] also zero photo u [ə] autumn difficult

[ju:] popular congratulation January

动词中的a 如果处在开音节位置，a 读[ei]音，例如：operate

u 处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[ə]音，也可以读作[i]音。

四、-r 音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音

元音字母组合 读 音 例 词

ar [α:] car farm dark sharpener

在[w]音后面 [ɔ:] warm quarter towards or [ɔ:] forty morning short

在[w]音后面[ə:] word worker worse er ir ur [ə:] certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r 双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r 构成-r 音节, 而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry

-r 音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音，例如：dollar teacher forget Saturday 五、-re 音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 元音字母组合 读 音 例 词 are [ɛə] care dare hare [iə] ere here mere ire [aiə] fire hire wire ore [ɔ:] more score before ure [juə] pure cure are ere ire ore 很少出现在非重读音节中，ure 在非重读音节中读[ə]音，例如：picture pleasure

重读元音字母加r ，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re 音节拼读规则拼读，字母r 读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph

六、元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 元音字母组合 读 音 例 词

ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [ɛə] air hair chair pair repair

al 在f m前 [ɔ] small ball talk wall all [ɔ:l] always also salt almost [α:] half calm

au/aw [ɔ:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great

ear [iə] hear dear near clear year [ɛə] bear pear wear swear [ə:] earth learn early

ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [iə] pioneer deer beer

ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key

eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew jewelry

ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school book look cook foot good

ou/ow [au] flower house count down [ou] know row throw though [∧] young country enough [u:] group you soup

our [C:] course your four [auE] our hour ours [E:] journey

ui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit

七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音 元音字母组合或字群 读 音 例 词 ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee

-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation

-sion 在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion -tion 在s 后 [tFEn] question suggestion -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle

-sure [VE] pleasure measure -ture [tFE] picture culture

八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如： everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[C:] 有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如： sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] ＞ cupboard[E] 碗柜

九、辅音字母组合的读音 辅音字母组合 读 音 例 词 b bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb

cc 在e 前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music

[s] face decide cinema

ch [tF] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [F] machine

-ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day -dge [dV] bridge fridge

dr- [dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast

gg 在e i/y前 [^] bag garden go [dV] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high

gu- -guegu在非重读音节中 [^] guess league dialogue [^w] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest

j [dV] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn- [n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn -mn [m] autumn column solemn

nn 在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note [N] uncle thank hungry

-ng [N] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq

qu- [kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler

s 在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk [z] music husband sc- [sk] scarlet [s] muscle science

sh [F] she fish shirt wash

t 在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet [F] patient nation tch [tF] watch

th 在通常情况下在冠词 代词 介词 连词中在词尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method

[T] the these with than [T] clothe fathe r weather

tr- [tr] tree train country truck

v [v] very voice love leave w [w] week win wake sweet wait [/] Answer two

wh-wh-在字母o 前 [w] what when white why [h] who whose whole

x 在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise [gz] example exist exact wr- [r] write

y- [j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo

国际音标元音发音一览表

重读闭音节 重读开音节 非重读音节 R 音节 字母组合 a

[æ] bag cat jam map happy sad back fact hand pan [ei] cake date face game paper lady mistake [i] bandage climate palace village massage

[ə] about Canada China woman sofa address [ɑ:] arm car dark farm garden yard park market ai(ay)-[ei] aim fail may lay

au-[ɔ:] fault pause cause

aw-[ɔ:] draw hawk lawyer

air-[ɛə] chair fair hair pair

are-[ɛə] care dare share spare e

[e] bed desk get leg lesson message neck pen rest send ten [i:] even fever he metre she these

[i] before collage cinema decide enjoy jacket

[ə] garden licence open silent excellent travel [ə:] nerve serve term

(重) assert certain her

[ə] dinner order farmer

(非) concert perhaps ee-[i:] beef deep free green

ea-[e] bread dead head ready

-[i:] beat cheap each leaf

ei-[ei] rein vein veil

-[i:] ceiling seize i(y)

[i] big fish gift milk pick rich any copy enemy [ɑi] bike nine shine time silent title cry fly my sky style [i] animal English family mistake capital [ə:] bird first girl dirty

[ə] affirmation tapir

ie-[i:] chief field piece thief

igh-[ɑi] beight right light high o

[ɔ] box cock dog fox job on shop wrong [əu] go no code hope note rose smoke vote [ə] memory obey today consider balcony [ɔ:] for horse north short sport morning

[ə] actor doctor forget mirror comfort ou-[ɑu] about cloud found

-[əu] mould shoulder soul

-[u:] group route soup

ow-[ɑu] cow down flower

-[əu] bowl flow know

oi-[ɔi] boil choice coin soil

oo-[u:] boot food moon zoo

-[u] book cook foot good

[ʌ] come some money none ton cover glove love mother other u

[ʌ] brush club dust fun gun just sun

[u] bush full pull push

[ju:] duty excuse future huge pupil use [ə] autumn column injury industry support [ə:] burn church hurt

[ə] murmur pursue

surprise Saturday ui-[u:] juice fruit cruise

-[ju:]suit suitable suitcase

uy-[ai] buy guy

ure-[juə] cure pure secure

-[uə] assure insure sure

国际音标元音发音一览表