初中首字母填空做题技巧讲解_(含答案)

如何做好首字母填空题

首字母填空类短文题是近几年中考试题经常采用的题型之一，因为它有非

常好的信度和效度，又能拉开考生间的分差、提高区分度。这种题型属于能力测试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。这种试题的首字母已给，所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限制，又是一种提示。

可是这种题型因难度相对较大，考生失分现象比较严重。学生要仔细阅读

全文，利用上下文提供的有关信息，再仔细阅读相关句子，判断所缺单词的句子成分，才能完成练习。完型填空式中考试卷中最难的题型，最能测量考生实际运用语言的能力。要做好此类题目，考生不但要有较强的语感，善于体会上下文的内在联系，而且要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量。

考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。

首字母填空特点及中考趋势：

1) 首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使

其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定

的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、

推导、分析等综合能力。

2) 从近几年的考题来看，短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，

几乎涉及到了十大词类；文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用已

学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再

答题，有一定的难度。文章短小、精致，字数通常在100～150之间。短

文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等。短文题材丰富，内容通

俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关，如：英国人分期付款购房；度假回来的

路上买家具的小故事；食物对不同年龄段的人的不同影响；被驯化的动

物可以为人们做事情等，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点。

✧ 首字母填空的解题方法和技巧：

短文填空题失分率较高，其原因也是较多的。有些同学或急于求成，或过于

自信，或为节省时间，在未通读完全文时便匆匆答题。殊不知这样做会适得其反，达不到良好的效果。因此，了解和掌握正确的解题方法和技巧是十分必要的。 ◆ 通读全文，了解大意

短文中虽有一些词未知，但不影响对文章主要内容的理解。在初步阅读

中，可以跳过空格，尽量捕捉文章所提供的内容信息，以及语法结构方面

的提示，有助于下一步的分析与判断。

◆ 再读全文，理清脉络

通读全文、掌握大意后，还应逐字逐句地仔细阅读，从文意中找出句与

文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系，尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含

的微妙关系，用已知信息去获取未知信息，以便初步确定答案。在答题过

程中，同学们可以把有把握的词先填好，逐步减少空格对阅读造成的障碍，

然后再仔细推敲剩下的难题。

◆ 仔细推敲，确保准确

词义判断正确了不等于答题正确，同学们还应从词法、句法、惯用法等

方面考虑答案的准确性。有的学生经过思考确定了一个意思正确的词作为

答案，但忽略了从语法角度再进行验证，因而出现了一些与时态、人称等

有关的词形变化的错误。如果填的词是名词，首先要考虑到单、复数的问

题；如果是动词，要考虑应使用什么时态和语态。

◆ 注意：填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确。如bought

易误答成buy ；lights 易误答成light ；reaches 易误答成reach; heavier易误答成

heavy 等。 因此，在初步确定答案后，一定还要反复考虑，仔细推敲，确

保用词准确

◆ 复读全文，全面检查

答题完毕后复读全文，进行核查是必不可少的。做完题后，一定要认真检查，尽量减少粗心所致的笔误或拼写错误，对有疑问的地方，更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌，这样才能尽量避免失分。

专项题型解析

例题解析

to people and also very beautiful. Most and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs

arrives.

When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its ——buy a

is larger. Many people

don‟t know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eatanything! They like meat, for dogs in shops.

Don‟t let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Alwayswater for .

. You should take it for a walk every day. Don‟t keep your dog inside all day.

答案及简析

1. friendly. 人们之所以把狗作为宠物来养，主要是因为它们比较通人性，且对人很友好，能给人们带来欢乐。根据“be very f 1 to people”来分析，此空应填一个形容词，表明狗对人的态度。friend 是名词，friendly 是形容词，故friendly 是正确答案。

2. children. 宠物狗自然是在家中养， 它们除了听主人的话以外，与家中的小主人即孩子也是好朋友。由于是指大多数家庭的情况，并受their 一词的提示，此处应填“孩子”的复数形式，即children 。

3. stranger. 狗的天性是护家。文中的watch-dogs 意为“看家狗”，专门指有生人来时发出叫喊的狗。“生人”在英文中即为stranger 。

4. size. 这个空略微有点难。一是size 一词平时用得较少，二是一般家庭都养小型犬，供狗活动的空间一般不成问题，因此，对狗的体积问题考虑的较少。从后面的句子来看，此处是在谈狗的体积的问题——“如果你的家小，就买一只小狗；如果你的家大，就买一只大狗。”

5. yours. 这是一个名词性物主代词，代替上半句的your home。此句完整的说法应是buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bigger one if your home is larger. 为避免词的重复使用，在英文句子中常用名词性物主代词代替前面的那个名词。

6.almost.“狗几乎什么都吃。”这一点我们从日常生活中也都知道，而且本句话

的后面也进行了进一步的解释说明，“他们喜欢吃肉，米饭和其它的东西。”

7.made. 这是make 的过去分词，在这里与for dogs 一起做定语，修饰food ，整句的意思是“你可以在食品店买到许多为狗做的食物。”这个空也是一个难点。若没有正确理解句意，很容易写成meat 。

8.leave. 有养狗经验的同学都知道，每天一定要给狗留下供它喝的水。狗是靠

舌头来散热的，因此它极易渴，特别是在夏天。

9.summer. 如果了解了狗的这一生理功能（靠舌头来散热），就不难填出summer 一词。

10.exercise. 如果想让狗养成好习惯并不生病的话，就必须每天带它出去散步。从下面的句子You should take it for awalk everyday.Don‟t keep your dog inside all day. 来看，说明狗也需要运动。exercise 当“运动”讲时，是一个不可数名词，不能在词尾加s 。

本文最突出的一个特点就是决大多数需填词的后面都有一句或两句话的内容

是对所填词的内容进行补充说明的。因此，在做这种类型的题时，一定要注意分析上下文的内容，进行推理和归纳，正确的理解句意，最后决定出最佳的词及其正确形式。

巩固练习：

gave anything to .

One day he was walking near the river with his friends when he fell into the river. His friends ran to help him. One of them held out his hand and cried, “Give me your hand, and I‟ll you out！”The rich then came up again, but he did not his hand to his friend. Again another of his thing happened.

friend, Nasreddin, said, “Take my hand and I‟ll pull you out!” The rich man took his hand and Nasreddin pulled him out of the water.

“You don‟t know your friend very.” Nasreddin said to the others. “When you say „Give！‟ to him, he nothing, but when you say „Take！‟ he always takes.” 答案与简析：

守财奴闹出了笑话。文中谈了一次救人的过程，解题时要根据当时的情况

特别注意“give”和“take”的妙用。

1. never. 因为love money,所以他决不会“给予”。never 意为“从不”。

2. rich. rich是形容词，作表语。由于从不施舍，几年后他就富有了。

3. pull. pull...out意为“把……拉出来”。

4. man‟s. head 为名词，要选用man 的所有格形式。

5. and. and then...意为“后来又……”。and 起并列作用。

6. give. give...to...意为“把……给……”。

7. same. 句意为：又发生了同样的情况。

8. another. another表示不定指的“又一个，另一个”。

9. well. well为副词，know well意思是“很了解”。

10. does. 这句话是引述原话，故用一般现在时。do nothing表示“什么事都

不干”。

例题解析

Do you know the word “brunch”? In the West, many people like to have

brunch —late (1)b________ or early lunch. People often have brunch (2) b_____ 10 a. m. and 2 p.m. on Sunday because they prefer to get up (3) l_____ after a week's hard work or want to enjoy brunch with their parents, or friends. That is a relaxing and

interesting (4)w______ of eating for most families.

Today, brunch has become (5) p______ in big hotels. One can (6) e_____ ask for or cook it himself. To make it (7) l______ like both breakfast and lunch, people

choose to have lots of dishes. You may often see the following (8) f______ on the

table, meat, eggs, fruit, (9) v_______, orange juice, tea and bacon. Do you have

brunch at (10) w_______? If not, why not try?

答案与解析:

这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了近年来在西方流行的brunch(早午餐) 。brunch 一词是由breakfast 与lunch 中的字母br 和unch 合在一起构成的。

1. breakfast, 由下句“early lunch” 和前面的对应词late 可知 brunch 是比breakfast 要晚，而比lunch 要早。

2. between, 这里的between…and… 是固定搭配。

3. late, 根据句中的状语“on Sunday” 和“after a week's hard work”可知在周末由于人们都在家休息，所以起床会较完。

4. way, 对大部分家庭来说，这种brunch 只是一种新的放松有趣的进餐方式。

5. popular, 目前在西方，brunch 已经成为一种时尚，越来越受到人们的欢迎。

6. either, 这是一个等立连词，either…or…，意思是”或者……或者……”。

7. look, 由于brunch 介于breakfast 和lunch 之间，所以人们在做起brunch 来，既要像breakfast ，又要像lunch 。look like 的意思就是”看起来好像”。

8. food, 根据下面所列举的内容可知答案。

9. vegetables, 英语中，以字母v 开头的food 就是vegetables 了。

10.weekend, 根据文章的介绍，brunch 是在周末人们所享用的进餐方式。 巩固练习

Most people have f___1_ a kite or have seen one rise and dip in the strong spring

wind. Not so many people know that kites were first made in China t__2____ of years ago. The a__3__ Chinese were making flying kites even before they were writing.

A long time ago, the Chinese made kites to use in the wars. They would fly these war kites in the d__4__. The kites were fixed so that they made strong sounds. Men

who were at war with them would hear these sounds and run away. They thought those strong sounds were m__5___ by god in the sky. The ancient Chinese also flew kites to b__6__ good luck and to make their crops grow rich and tall. Sometimes they tied long strings and hooks to the kites. Then they fly the kites o___7__ water letting the hooks hang down to catch fish.

The Chinese use sticks, strings and paper for their kites. Some of the kites look like animals or trees. O__8_ look like birds or houses.

1.flown 2.thousands 3.ancient 4.dark 5.made 6.bring 7.over 8.Others

首字母填空训练：

(1)

At different times in a man's life his food has different effects (影响) on his body. is quickly changed to the power(力量) to run and play ; We grow upwards only the first twenty years of our not later. Working men get down a lot, and may begin to grow fat when s quite young. Many older people to work much and walk often. P the most difficult time is when a man r sixty years of age. His body and mind restful, without much work or interest. That is when food changes quickly to f （1）1.food 2. tall 3. during 4. lives 5. hard 6. sit 7. still 8. try 9. Perhaps

10. reaches 11. become 12. fat

(2)

Bats(蝙蝠to all that as a bat" is often heard. Yet, they have no t flying on the darkest nights and their way round very well. Why can bats fly and see at night? They fly "radar(雷达)". The bat's radar w the air, , they will come back and the bat's ears will the message. In this way, the bat is to know where the at night. In the daytime, they hang in some d places.

1.known 2. blind 3.trouble 4. finding 5.by 6.works

7. through 8.things 9. reaches 10. able 11. food 12. dark

（3）

in France. The name of the game comes from the French word the game "tennis" when they watched the Frenchmen play 800 years ago.

The Englishmen liked the French game. Tennis courts were built in every park, in every city,just today. The two countries played each other. At money. Later people began cheating（欺骗）to get money. Three hundred years ago the game was forbidden（禁止）to stop the cheating. The game disappeared. Americans found the old courts when they went to Europe 100 years ago. They learned they could do about the game. They liked the game as the Englishmen had After

returning home, the Americans built tennis courts. Tennis began to become in all the United States. Now it is one of the most games in the world again.

1. began 2. called 3. like 4. against 5. won

6. almost 7. what 8. before 9. popular 10. Exciting

(4)

There are four people in my family. Every day my parents are very busy to make money in order to pay the high tuition(学费）for my brother and me. They h to each other. Besides，my father has a bad temper(脾气 he's very tired from one spring. At that time，my father suddenly got badly sick .My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. When they returned from the hospital, they both as if both of them had a serious illness.

After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day in the morning and dusk. after two months my father still "Dad ，now?" I asked him one day.

a low voice. "I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life." Reading his eyes, I know he loves my mother very much.

flowers, presents and sweet kisses. But from this 1. trying 2. hardly 3. flowers 4. when 5. until 6. weak

7. However 8. himself 9. feeling 10. in 11. meant 12. Experience

(5)

for her. Now she was the waiter a lot of trouble. she asked the too hot. Then she asked

because she was too

half an hour.

. He did everything the woman asked to do without getting angry. someone else in the restaurant said and smiling, "We don't even have an air conditioner."

1. things 2. giving 3. first 4. felt 5. off 6. nearly 7. helpful

8.him 9. finally 10. waiter

（6）

his brother, asking for ＄500. “by telegram to the bank here,”he wrote. his passport to the bank clerk(职员). “Nothing has come for you, Mr. Jackson,” he was told.

. He then the money was. The brother said it had been . That evening Ed Jackson was arrested(被捕) for failing his hotel bill. He tried to tell the police what his problem was, but no one to the police station for fifteen days.

1.to, 2.money, 3.visiting, 4.showed, 5.on, 6. worried, 7.where,

8. before, 9.pay, 10sent

（7）

. He thought his stories were good, so he liked to show them to his people. As his people were afraid to criticize(批 评) the king‟s stories, they all said that his stories were very good. One day, the king showed some of his best stories to a famous writer. He wanted the writer to praise(表 扬) those stories. But the writer said his stories were so b 2 that he should throw them into the fire. The king got very angry him and sent him to prison(监狱). After time the king had pity on the writer and set him free. When the writer returned from prison, the king ordered him to come to his palace. Again he showed him some of his new stories and asked him what he thought them, the writer at once turned to the soldier and said, “Take me back to prison, please.”

1.stories, 2.bad, 3.with, 4.some, 5. reading