直接引语是直接引用或复述别人的原话

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语法专讲

直接引语和间接引语

直接引语是直接引用或复述别人的原话，必须放在引号中，其位置常放在句首或句尾；间接引语则是用自己的话来转述别人的话，间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句，间接引语不用引号 。

直接引语和间接引语可以互相转化，但这种转化要遵循一定的原则，要注意转化时引导词的使用、人称代词、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语、语序和时态的变化。

一 、直接引语变间接引语时，引导词要根据句子种类的不同有所变化。

1、如果直接引语为陈述句，一般变成由that 引导的宾语从句，that 可省

略。如：He often says : “China is great.” →He often says (that ) China is great .

2、如果直接引语是一般疑问句，一般变成由whether 引导的宾语从句，在口语中常用 if来代替 whether (但是whether后可以接不定式或与or not 连用，而if不能),后面用陈述句语序，标点符号由主句决定。(如果引述动词是say 时，要改为ask或 wonder 。

如：①He asked me ,“Do you like playing games ?” → He asked me whether /if I liked playing games . ② He says ,“Is Tom a good student ?” →He asks whether/if Tom is a good student .

3、如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，疑问词变成连接词，语序改为陈述句语序，标点符号由主句定。

如：①He asked ,“Where is she going ?” →He asked where she was going . ② My sister asked me ,“What are you doing ?” →My sister asked me what I am doing .

4、如果直接引语是祈使句，多使用不定式变成ask/tell/order sb.(not) to do sth.的句式。

如：①He said to her, “Open the door ,please .” →He asked her to open the door . ② My mother said to me ,“Don’t do that again .” →My mother asked me not to do that again .

二 、直接引语变间接引语时，要根据说话的对象进行人称的变化，使句意前后一致。如：He asked me ,“Do you like this one ?” →He asked me whether/if I liked that one .

三 、直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词也要做相应的变化。如：this→ that , these→ those .

如：①He asked me ,“Do you like this one ?” →He asked me whether/if I liked that one . ②He asked me ,“Do you like these ones ?” →He asked me whether/if I liked those ones .

四 、直接引语变间接引语时,时间状语、地点状语也要做相应的变化。

如：today→ that day ,this morning→ that morning ,tonight→ that night ,now→then ,yesterday→the day before ,last night→the night before ,the day before yesterday→two days before ,ago→

before ,tomorrow→the next day ,next week→the next week ； here→there .

如：The teacher asked him ，“Did you come to school yesterday ?” →The teacher asked him whether/if he had come to school the day before .

五 、直接引语变间接引语时, 语序一般为陈述句语序，即：主语+谓语+其他。如：He asked Mike ,“Where did you go ?” →He asked Mike where he had gone .

六 、直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语中的时态要与主句中的时态保持一致。一般情况下，主句中的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时，间接引语的时态不变，如果主句是过去时态，间接引语中的时态要相应改变，如下表：

练习

将下列直接引语和间接引语互换

1. “I often play the piano .”Tina said .

Tina said ________________________________________________ .

2. “He asked me, “Did you write to your friends yesterday ?” He asked me___________________________________________________.

3. “Where shall we meet ?” Lucy asked .

Lucy asked me ________________________________________________.

4. “Don’t disturb me .” he said to his brother .

______________________________________________________________

5.Mary asked me if I was reading books .

“ __________________________________________”Mary asked me .

3. “You must come here before five.” he said.

He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.

4. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.

He said that he _________ bought the house 10 years _________.

5. “Did you see her last week?” he said.

He _________ _________ I had seen her the week ______________.

6. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”

He __________ Jim that he __________ sit there

7. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”

He asked her mother _________ _________ _________ found it.

【参考答案】

1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his

3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes

5. told, had, before 6. had, there

7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before

9. told, could 10. how, she, had

11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived

13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell

15. asked, if [whether], that

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