定语从句主谓一致
一,定语从句的主谓一致
一般来讲,定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致.例如:
1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty.我是个不怕困难的人.
2.Don't choose me,who am not qualified for this job.不要选我,我不适合做这项工作.
3.Anyone who has questions to ask, please come to my office this afternoon.有问题要问的人,今天下午到我办公室来.
另外,关于定语从句的先行词,one of后常接复数名词,在非正式的英语口语中,有时甚至在一些很正规的文体中,动词的数不是与先行词保持一致,而是与 one相一致,这是因为说话者或写作者首先想到的是one,而不是one后面真正的先行词.例如:
4.That is one of the most valuable dictionaries that has appeared in recent years.那本词典是近几年来所见到的最有价值的词典之一.
5.Buenos Aires is one of the world capitals that is noted for its busy harbor.布宜诺斯艾利斯是一个以其海港的热闹而闻名的国家首都.
第5句中的is不能改成are.这点很好理解,因为用are就意味着世界上所有国家的首都都以海港热闹而出名,这是不符合实际的.
当one前面有the only等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词也要与 one保持一致而取单数形式.例如:
6.He is the only one of those workers who is able to do this job.他是那些工人中唯一能做此工作的人.
二,名词性从句的主谓一致
主语是名词性从句(常用what,whatever,when,where,why ,how,that,whether等引导放在句首)时,动词通常用单数形式.例如:
1.What I am most interested in is American movies.我最感兴趣的是美国电影.
2.Whatever he says is of no importance.无论他说什么都不重要.
3.Whoever says that is wrong.无论谁说这话都不对.
4.That he will come is certain.他肯定会来.
5.Why he is late for class is more than I can tell.为什么他上课迟到,我也说不上来.
但在下面的句子中谓语动词要用复数形式,因为主语从句中的动词是复数,所以主语从句应当作复数看待.例如:
6.Who are going to attend the meeting have been decided by the manager.哪些人去参加会议,已由经理做出了决定.
7.Whoever say that are to be punished.谁这样讲,就惩罚谁.
由此可见,名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数还是复数,不可一概而论,而要视句子的意义而定.学习时只有灵活处理,才能真正把主谓一致这个语法项目融会贯通.