全国高校英语应用能力考试B级重点难点
全国高校英语应用能力考试B 级重点难点
虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。
A ．与现在事实相反的：
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。
If I were you, I should buy it.
如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French.
如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.
如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
B．与过去事实相反的：
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 ，I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
C. 与将来事实相反的
If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.
如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
***有关虚拟语气的几个问题***
1) 有时if 引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it .
如果她年青点， 她就会干的。
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her.
如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I could help you.
我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time.
我要有时间该多好啊！
She should have come to the party.
她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money.
如果他有更多的钱就能... 。
3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。 If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
对过去事实相反的假设
26.I didn’t see your boss at the meeting. If he (come)_ __,I would have told him the news.（2000年6月试卷）
29.If hadn’t driven the car yesterday, I (avoid) __ __ the accident.（2001年12试卷）
34.If I (not drink)_ ___ so much coffee yesterday afternoon, I would have been able to sleep well last night. （2003年12月试卷）
If the team members hadn ’t helped me , I (fail)__ ____ in the last experiment.(2005.5)
He might not have been killed in the traffic accident yesterday if he (fasten)_ _ _ the seat belt.(2005.5)A 级
Had I known the result, I (not ask)___ ___you to tell me .
=If I had known the result,……
A: 1.had came(与过去事实相反的) 2.would have avoided
3.had not drunk 4.would have failed
5.had fastened 6.would not have asked
Wish 后面的宾语从句和As if（though ）引导的方式状语从句中要用虚拟语气
35.He talked as if he (do)_ ___all the work himself,but in fact Tom and I did most of it. （2000年12月试卷）
28.Xiao Lan speaks English in a way as if she (be) _ ___an American . （2001年6月试卷）
21.I didn’t go with them to the beach yesterday.But I do wish I _ ____there.
A ．have been
B ．had been
C ．was
D ．am
（2003.6）
虚拟语气用与表示 “要求，建议，命令，坚持”等that 名词从句时，谓语动词
用 + (should)+动词原形，should 常省略
Ask,tell, suggest,insist,propose, advise,require,order ,command,desire,request,demand,recommond
+that ..(should )+ 动词原形
28. It is advised that we (sign)_sign____an agreement right after the discussion. （2000年6月试卷）
17.He told me that I ______be present at the ceremony.
A)could
B)would
C)should
D)might
（2000年6月试卷）
21.The committee members propose that the plan ____ postponed for a few days.
A)being
B)been
C)to be
D)be
（2002年6试卷）
28.The boss insisted that Mr .Cooper (give)__ ___ up his experiment at once. （2002年12试卷）
The chairman required that every speaker (limit)___ __ himself to 15 minutes.(2004.6)
I suggested that he (call)___ ___ on the director a week later.(2005.1)
Jane ’s parents insisted that she (return)__ ____home before 9:00.
It is (high/about) time (that) + 动词的过去式…的主语从句的虚拟语气
25.It’s high time we ____something to stop road accidents.
A)did
B)are doing
C)will do
D)do （2001年6试卷）（PRETCO ）
It is high time we (start)__started_ to pay attention to such mistakes. You look so tired tonight. It is (high/about)time you (go)_went__ to bed.
It is important/essential/necessary/natural/strange/a pity/ no wonder
+that 结
构中的主语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形
22.It’s necessary that the problem _____ in some way or other.
A)is settled
B)was settled
C)be settled
D)has been settled
（2001年12试卷）
24.It is important that the committee ___about the project at once.
A.be informed
B.is informed
C.will be informed
D.being informed（2003年12月试卷）
被动
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的 承受者，其构成为be ＋过去分词。 e.g. They will widen the road.(主动)
The road will be widened.（被动）
The matter will be dealed with as soon as possible.
含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时，结构为：
一般式：情态动词（can, could, may, might, must, should, need等）＋
be+过去分词
完成式：情态动词＋have+过去分词
e.g. This can be done by hand. 这可以手工做。（一般式）
The project might have been completed earlier. 这项工程本可以早
些完工的。（完成式）
3． be going to 等不定式结构的 被动形式：
be going to/ought to/ be to/ be bound to/ be sure to/ be certain to/ be due to/ be about to/ have (has) to/ had to +be+过去分词 (to不可省略)
e.g. Not a could was to be seen. 看不到一丝云彩。
The enemy is bound to be defeated. 敌人一定会被打败。
When will the work (complete)_______?
23.This is one of the longest bridge that____on this river.
A)is ever built
B)has ever been built
C)was ever built
D)has ever built
（2000年6月试卷）
31.If the medicine (take)__ __in time,it will be quite effective. （2001年6月试卷）
23.Since the introduction of the new technique,the production cost ___greatly.
A)reduces
B)is reduced
C)is reducing
D)has been reduced
（2000年12月试卷）
18.______,he can quickly find out what’s wrong with the machine.
A)Having been well trained
B)Having well trained
C)To be well trained
D)To have been well trained
（2000年12月试卷）
27.These pills should (keep) __ __out of the reach of children.(2001.6)
23.The project to clear up the polluted river _____ by the end of next year.
A)will have been completed
B)will have completed
C)is being completed
D)has been completed
（2002年6月试卷）
31.The noise was so loud that it could (hear)_____ from far away. （2002年6月试卷）
32.The house with the furniture (buy)_____ for $50,000 last year.(2002.12) Sixty people (employ)___ in this big factory last year .(2004.12) Nothing can (do)_____ unless we are given more information about the situation. (2005.1)
Most of the machine in the workshop ______ next month.(2005.5)
A.are repaired B. have been repaired C. were repaired D. will be repaired
The train (delay)__was delayed_ ___ by fog and arrived late.
Three hundred cars (sell)__have benn sold____since the beginning of the year.
倒装
1. 当否定意义或否定形式的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的
有：
Never,seldom,rarely,little,scarcely(几乎不) ，hardly,not,nowhere,not often,not a bit(一点也不) ， not until, still less(更少) ， on no account (绝不) ， not on any account, hardly„when „, no sooner„than „, on no consideration(决不), neither „nor, not only „but also, in no way(决不) ， by no means,at on time(从不),not once or twice(许多次)
18.Not until I began to work______how much time I had wasted.
A)have I realized
B)I have realized
C)did I realize
D)I realized
(2000.6)
23.Little _____ that the police are about to arrest him.
A)he knows
B)he doesn’t know
C)does he know
D)doesn’t he know（2001年6月试卷）
16.___________ the danger as he climbed up the stairs.
A. Little the baby realized
B. The baby little realized
C. Little the baby did realized
D. Little did the baby realize
2. only+状语位于句首表示强调时要用倒装：
e.g. Only in this way can we learn English well.
We can learn english well only in this way.
现在分词过去分词做定语
24. I’ve never seen the young man _____next to the director.
A)sits
B)sitting
C)sat
D)to sit
（2001年6月试卷）
33.There was a stranger (stand)______ at the door. （2002年6月试卷）
29.I noticed that there was a man (draw)_____pictures on the ground. （2003年6月试卷）
30.Give the application to the man (sit)____ at that desk,please. （2003年12月试卷）
比较级最高级在B 级考试中的应用
26.The chairman emphasized his ideas by speaking more(loud)_____.(2000.12)
29.Living in the country is less (expense)______than living in the city.(2000.12)
35.Could you go to bed (early) _____ than you usually do ? （2000. 12）
32.Every day the director is the (late) ______person to leave the office .(2001.6)
16.As Edison grew _____, he never lost his interest in science.
A)elder
B)older
C)the elder
D)the oldest（2002年6试卷）
22.The book is ____more difficult that the one I recommended to you.
A)rather
B)much
C)very
D)so （2002年6试卷）
22.The_____ the proposal is considered,the worse it appears.
A.carefully
B.much carefully
C.more carefully
D.most carefully（2003年12试卷）
27.I want to rent a new apartment that is (comfortable)____than his one. （2003年12试卷）
John is the (clever)_________ student I have ever taught.(2004.6)
33.The photos of Mars taken by satellites are (clear)_____than those taken from Earth.(02.12)
Of all the hotels in the city, this one is the (good)__ ______.(06.5) Yaoming is one of (famous)______ basketball players in the world . The louder he shouted , the (little)______he convinced anyone.
The sun is the (big)_____thing we can wee when we look up at the sky . The problem (discuss)_______ at the meeting yesterday has not been solved yet.(过去分词作定语)
动名词在B 级考试中的应用
Enjoy/avoid/admit/finish/practice +doing
Stop doing sth 停止做某事
Go on doing sth继续做某事
Be worth doing sth值得做某事
Give up doing 放弃做某事
Look forward to sth/doing 期望, 盼望某事
Spend (time, money) „(in) doing sth 花费时间, 金钱做某事
Spend (time, money) on sth
Have a problem/ difficulty/ trouble (in ) doing sth 做某事有麻烦/困难 Be/ get used to doing sth习惯与做某事
Prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
Keep sb doing sth让某人一直做某事
（2000年12月试卷）
33.They stopped (search)_____ for the missing plane as the weather was
very rough.
30.The children from the US got used to (eat)______Chinese food quite soon.
（2001年12试卷）
30.Hearing the bell ring ,the students stopped (joke)____ with each other.
34.The girls happily look forward to (see) ______ the movie star at the party.
34.I don’t mind (have)_____ a dog in the house so long as it’s clean and it doesn’t smell.
（2002年6试卷）
21.This novel is worth reading, because it gives a detailed description of the historical ____ in 1949.
A)accidents
B)cases
C)events
D)things （2002年12试卷）
25.Mr.Black is looking forward to ____ his Chinese partner soon.
A)seeing
B)see
C)be seeing
D)have seen（2002年12试卷）
26. The main benefit of (work)____ with the company is the opportunity to travel abroad. （2002年12试卷）
29.She was not happy because he had kept her (wait)______ for half an hour. （2002年12试卷）
34.I wondered why the boy often avoided (talk)_____ with his classmates. （2003年6试卷）
28.Did you have any difficult (get)____ a visa to Britain?（（2003年12试卷））
16.One of my foreign friends is looking forward to ____my country.
A)visit
B) visiting
C) having visited
D)be visiting(2000.6)
34.I wondered why the boy often avoided (talk)_____ with his classmates.(03.6)
When Jenny came to Britain, she had to get used to (drive)_______on the left.(2004.12)
Some American businessmen in China are spending a lot of time in (learn)____ Chinese.(2005.5)
That new film is worth (see)__ ____ for the second time. (06.5)
30.Hearing the bell ring ,the students stopped (joke)____ with each other.(01.12)
I don ’t mind the children (play)_______ in the garden, but I won ’t have
them walk over my flowers.
Have sth done句型
30.John went to town yesterday and had his computer (repair)_____ there. （2002年6试卷）
It is/ was „that /who 强调句
16.It was in China_____ the agreement was signed.
A.what
B.which
C.where
D.that （2003年12试卷）
20.It was in that small village_____ our president was born.
A)which
B)when
C)that
D)as
填空题中出现的动词变名词+ ment
27.We have been informed that the (equip)______will be arriving here in ten days.(00.6)
33.I’m sorry to learn that you have made no (improve)_____on the design at all.(00.6)
28.The (manage)_____ of a company is a very important part of the working process to its development.(02.6)
With the (develop)_____ of foreign trade, more and more people are doing import and export business.(05.5)
He owed his success to his wife’s (encourage)______.
翻译：2006.6
W e are very glad to welcome our Chinese friends to this special Business Training program . Here , you will have a variety of activities and a chance to exchange ideas with each other . W e hope that all of you will benefit a lot from this program during your stay. Please do not hesitate to speak to us with questions or concerns. W e believe this will be an educational and enjoyable program.
2006.12
I ’m writing to confirm our telephone conversation of Thursday, the 7th , about our visit to your company. Next Monday, December 11, will be fine for us and we hope that it will suit you , too. My secretary, Miss Mary Brown, and Sales Manager , Mr Zhang Ming, will be coming in the morning. It’s unfortunate that I will not be able to go with them.
Thanks again for giving us this opportunity to visit with you.
谨写此信确认我们本月7日（星期撕）的通话内容，即关于拜访贵公司的事宜。