外贸英语会话A卷答案

温州大学成人（继续）教育学院试卷参考答案

（ 级夜大（双休班） 年第 次面授）

考试科目：外贸英语会话

命题教师：

考试时间：

考试形式： 闭（开）卷 班级： 试卷类型： A （√）B （ ）

—————————————————————————————————— I .Define the Following Concepts with Accurate Words.

1. Motivation refers to the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need.

2. Conflict is a process that begins when on party gives response to the perception that another party had negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect something the first party cares about.

3、Technology strategy can be defined as an evolutionary organizational learning process, which highlights the links between technological competencies and capabilities, technology strategy, and experience.

4、TLC refers to the evolution of technology from the idea stage through development to exploitation by direct sales.

5、Autonomous strategic actions refer to activities in support of the firm’s existing business, which comprises improvement in existing products and processes.

6．Management refers to the process of getting activities completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people.

7. Management functions refer to planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

8. Planning involves defining the organization’s objectives or goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving these goals, and developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities.

9. Leading holds that managers should motivate subordinates, direct the activities of others, select the most effective communication channel, or resolve conflicts among members.

10.Controlling is the process of monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned, and of correcting any significant deviations.

II.Translate the Following Sentences into Chinese:

1、知道何时何地从一种姿态变为另一种姿态以及具有进行这种转变的能力是高技术管理艺术的核心。

2、有道德的人一般值得信任，公正不倚，尊重他人的权利，关注他人行为对社会的影响。

3、通过对资源的有效获取和利用，科学的运作管理能使企业在能适应甚至打败竞争对手的价格基础上生产出高质量的产品，提供优质的服务。

4、这项工作的特点包括市场研究、产品开发、广告宣传、销售与服务，所有这一切都涉及信息的发送与接收。

5、在现代系统条件下，从顾客甚至从顾客的顾客通过企业到供应商有一条一致

的稳定的轨迹。

6、由于先进的管理信息系统可显著地改变信息的数量与质量，所以有效的管理信息系统会提高管理层的决策能力。

7、在这个步骤需要这种开发搜集、储存、发送和检索信息的实际系统。

8企业过程再造是基本的，它努力去有效地改善生产过程，这样就能满足当代顾客对质量、速度、革新、顾客化和服务的要求。

9、与不进行系统计划的企业相比, 运用战略管理思维的企业在销售利润以及生产率的方面都有了显著的提高.

10柔性的生产系统使企业能够在比对手短的时间里以较低的成本生产出更多品种的产品，由此给企业创造一种竞争优势。

Ⅲ. Put These Phrases into English:

1、total quality management

2、work force diversity

3、at a low cost

4、a legitimate objective

5、in a contingency insight

6、job satisfaction

7、organizational commitment

8、amount and allocation of rewards

9、modification of the routine process

10、a team-based structure or a matrix design

Ⅳ. Specify the Contents

1. a. a manager makes a request of a subordinate.

b. an employee bring a problem to the attention of the supervisor.

c. the members in an organization interact to coordinate a task.

2. a. Scientific management approach

b. General administrative approach

c. Human resource approach

d. Quantitative approach

3. a. Planningb. Organizingc. Leadingd. Controlling

4 a. Not controlled by management

b. Perceived by most employees

c Largely used to serve the self-interests of the people involved

5 a. Derivative; enhancement; hybrid

b. Platform; next generation

c Unique; radical

d Sustaining

e Research and advanced development

6. a. Complexity

b. Formalization

c. Centralization

d. Decentralization

e. Decision-making

7. a. Verbal communication.

b. Nonverbal communication.

c. Electronic media.

8. a. Functional team structure b. Lightweight team structure

c. Heavyweight team structure d. Autonomous team structure

9. a. Market controlb.Bureaucratic controlc. Clan control

10. a. Accurateb. Timelyc. Economicald. Flexible e. Understandable