直接引语变间接引语

直接引语变间接引语的用法及讲解

定义：

直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。

例：He said:" It is too late."

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。

例：He said it was too late.

直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题

第一、如何变人称;

下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

She said. "My brother wants to go with me." →She said her brother wanted to go with her.

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：

He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" →He asked Kate how her sister was then。

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。

第二：时态变化

直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。

（1）引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。

（2）引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：

一般现在时→一般过去时

一般过去时→过去完成时

一般将来时→过去将来时

现在进行时→过去进行时

现在完成时→过去完成时

过去进行时→不变

过去完成时→不变

（1）含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。

（2）若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

（3）有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 注意：

1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。

例如：Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."

Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.

2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。 例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998."

She said she went to England in 1998.

3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。

He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."

He says that he bought me a book yesterday.

第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。

第四：句式上的变化

1.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接。

如：She said:" I am a girl."

She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)

2.一般疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。

例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"

She asked me if I was Mr. Li.

She asked us:" Do you want to go on a picnic?"

She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.

3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。

例如："How much have we spent on petrol this year," Susan asked her husband.

Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.

4.祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。

一改：said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等

二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语

三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式

四去：去掉please

例：He said to her:" Don't take the book away."

He asked her not take the book away.

5.感叹句变为间接引语

"What awful weather it is!" she said.

She complained about the awful weather.

"What a bright girl you are." He said to me.

He praised me that I was a bright girl.