自考本科英语(二)复习题

英语（二）复习题

一、语法和词汇

1、被动语态

① We shall put off the meeting till Friday. The meeting will be put off till Friday.

② Not until 1989 was he set free.

③ I’m glad to be allowed to visit your school. ④ He was robbed of wallet last night.

2、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则、不规则变化

① 程度相等： He is as busy as before.

② 程度不相等：It is not so (as) cold today as yesterday. ③ ……许多：far, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit, much. ④ 越…越…：The more, the better.

⑤ 最高级：The Yangtze is the longest river in China. 3、介词

① at表示某一时间点，地点（小）arrive at airport ② in表示某一时间段，地点（大）arrive in HK

③ on表示某一天，星期几，在…之上，arrive on Friday ④ between（两个之间）与among（三个以上之间） ⑤ for所朝向的目标，leave for HK（去香港） ⑥ from…to…，从…到…，from9AM to 5 PM

⑦ by后面不加冠词/完成时的标志，by air, by bus 4、情态公司

① ’s on. Y② may. May I ask you a question?/He may have seen the movie.

③ must. We must leave now./ She must have made a mistake.

④ ouht. You ought to take his advice.

When I got there, the film had already begun, I ought

⑤ need. You needn’t tell him.

⑥ dare. How dare they do such a thing?

⑦ should. He should learn how to drive./ He should have been there earlier.

5、定语似句

① 关系代词：Which, who, whom, whose, that的用法 ② 关系副词：when, why, how

That is the reason why I am not taking your advice. ③ 介词+which/whom(仅有的两个)

The girl to whom you speak is my sister.

④非限制性定语从句：I have three types of pens in my 6、倒装句

①否定词在句首：Not until he told me the news, did I know he was killed lastnight.

② only 在句首：Only after class was he allowed to go. ③ so, nor, neither 在句首：The first one wasn’t good enough and neither wasthe second.

④ 虚拟语气中：not working so hard, they wouldn’t have succeeded.

7、虚拟语气：表示建议、命令、重要性等句子中使用，如suggest/insist/order/propose/require+should+动词原形，should常被省略，这些词的名词、形容词形式也一样，如

It’8、强调句：It+is/was（仅此两种）+that/who（人）/which（有时）

9、as的用法（下册P21-26）

10、一致原则、就近原则（下册P73-75） 11、虚所语气（续）（下册P233-P236） 二、英汉互译

1、我们拥有大量的自然资源

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We have plenty of natural resources.

2、Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.

Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the porson.The jore seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitude towards leisure as well as academic word will be encouraged. (P162)

3、他在纠正学生错误时总是采取积极的态度

He always takes positive attitude to correct the students’ mistakes.

4、他的肤色与他是否是个律师无关

His color of skin is not relevant to whether his is a good lawyer or not.

5、Some concentrated study each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. As you work out your individual schedule, attempt to include a minimum of two study hours every day. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects.(P175)

6、他同现代生活不合板。He is out of step wit modern life.

7、Self-dsteem is what people think about themselves-whether or not they feel valued-and when family members have self-respect, pride, and belief in themselves, this high self-esteem makes it possible to tope with the everyday problems of growing up.(P225)

8、每个人都应关心自己国家的未来。

Everybody should be concerned about the future of his own country.

9、What we dream at, night isn’t as important to how we feel in the morning as the number of people who appear in our dreams. The more people, the better we feel.

Our sleep influences our mood. Our mood, in turn, affects our performance. And throughout the day, our levels of mood and performance remain cosely linked. (P308)

10、广义上说，任何人做的工作都对社会有益。 In a broad sense, the work that anyone does is of social value.

11、在商业社会里信息对每个人都有用。

Information is of great value to everyone in the business world.

12、门被档住了，有什么东西档在那儿。

The door was blocked, there was something in the way. 13、他们昨天来看你时，你在干什么？

What were you doing when they came to see you yesterday.

14、他通过努力工作赢得了许多人的尊敬。 He earned many people respect by working hard.

15、没有你的帮助，我们举取是如此巨大的成功。 Without your help, we wouldn’t have so great a success. 三、其他练习

1、2、oneself education

3、4、I couldn’5、6、7、apply for 申请 application，申请表格 apply to 应用applicant 申请人

8、I remember being paid 我记得已经收了钱。 9、I remember to pay. 我记得要去给钱的。（但并未给） Reading comprehension(阅读理解) Passage 1.

Meals should be a sort of treat, not a nutritional(营养的)treatment, for your child For now, stop being an amateur nutritionist. Give her the sort of food she really enjoys. And give her only very small portions. Don’t scold her if she doesn’t

eat everything on her plate. If she’s eaten everything and wants more, give her only tiny additional portions. Never insist that she eats everything on her Plate. Remain, to the best of your ability, calm, unconcerned and indifferent to her habit of slowly picking away at her food. Instead, enjoy your own food, and pay no attention to her. Then, after about, say, 30 minutes, very calmly pick up al the plates and other crockery（陶器）from the table. Mealtime is over. Maybe your child will complain that she isn’t finished yet. Pay her no heed. But do say, for example; “that”s the way it’s got to be. We can’t stay at the table too long eating. Sorry, if you’re still hungry, you’ll just have to wait until lunch time, or whatever the next meal is.

31、According to the passage, meals should be a sort of treat. “treat”A. banquet B. mismanage C. refreshments D. enjoyment

32. If your child doesn’A. 4rinsist that she eats everything on her plat B. give her only very small portion

C. give her the sort of food she really enjoys. D. don’t scold de

33. Mealtime is over, but she isn’t finished yet, as her A. enjoy your own food B. pick up all the plates C. pay no attention to her

D. very calmly pick up the plates and crockery 30 minutes later

34. The word “heed”A. neglect B. care C. caution D. attention A. let the child enjoy her food B. give everything the child wants C. meals is a nutritional treatment D. pay attention to the children’s food Passage 2

In order to lean a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. If the primary goal of language use is communication, the mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language leaner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying “I do it ”to express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could, by “interacting” with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say “I’ll do it”. The resulting discrepancy(分歧)car serve as a basis for the student to modify his way of sing the present thence in English. But a student who is unwilling to interact in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error.

36. According to the passage, foreign language students A. communication is the primary goal of language learning

B. native speakers will ignore their mistakes

C. everyone makes mistakes when trying to communicate in a strange language.

D. native speakers like foreign students who try to lean their language

37. According to the passage, the present tense in English A. used with some verbs but not with others to express future intention

B. basically the same as it is in Spanish

C. not used to express a desire to do something in the immediate future

D. not the most difficult problem for foreign students

38. The author thinks that language reamers can reduce the number of their mistakes by A. asking native speakers for explanation

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B. reading good books in the foreign language C. speaking without regard to native speakers

D. comparing their speech with what of native speakers 39. The passage implies that foreign language students A. latke advantage of available language models B. learn very much about the foreign culture C. learn about the history of the foreign language D. how to worry about making mistakes.

40. The author’s major conclusion about the function of A. mistakes are not important in the process of learning language

B. leaders are often very afraid of making mistakes. C. mistakes do not interfere with communication

D. making mistakes can help the learner discover the rules of the language. Passage 1

The students who enter a course with the best maids in qualifying examinations are not necessarily those who achieve the highest grades at college. Remember that the set work(assignments or homework) is not all that you should be doing. You must extend yourself. See that you are playing your part in trying to develop an active interest in the work.

If, soon after starting a course of study, you find the work uninteresting or not what you expected, or mush too difficult, then perhaps you should be doing something else instead. However, do not give up too easily. Talk to your academic adviser or personal tutor, who will have down other students with similar problems and may reassure you or offer advice. If you wish to change to another course, there will be a time limit for doing so. Obviously, it is best if you miss no classes and the beginning of a course is especially important. The later you join a class the harder it will be fit in and to cope with the work.

A. taken during a course is studied B. taken after a course is finished

C. taken before cantering a course D. for those who want to enter collage

2. In saying “you must extend yourself”

A. you must take as many courses as you can

B. you must develop an interest in all kinds of activities C. you must enter a course that may bring about a good result

D. you must take an active attitude towards your course study

3. The phrase “play part in”A. make a contribution B. be concerned in C. join in D. share

4. Soon after starting a course of study, a student find the work uninteresting, or not what he expected, or much too difficult,

A. do something else instead

B. talk to his academic adviser for advisor C. give up

D. change another course

A. help others with courses they choose B. change courses within an academic year C. miss those classes that are of no interest D. join a class as early as possible Passage 2

The water level of oceans rises and falls alternately twice a day. This movement of water is called the tide. Tides are caused by the pull of the sun and the moon on the earth’s surface; since the moon is closer, it affects the tides more than the sun when the moon is directly overhead, it actually pulls on the water that is below it. This causes the water level to rise because the water is pulled away from the earth. As the moon

disappears over the horizon, the pull lessens and the water level settles back towards the ocean bottom.

When the water reaches its highest level, we have high tide. And when the water comes to its lowest level, we have low tide. From its lowest point, the water rises gradually for about six hours until it reaches high tide. Then it begins to fall continuously for about six hours until it reaches slow tide. Then the eyele begins again.

6. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?

A. the moon and ocean B. water levels

C. the pull of the moon and the sun D. the moon and the tide

7. The pull of the moon on the earth’s surface is stronger that of

A. the moon is closer to the sun

B. the moon is directly over the earth

C. the moon pulls the water away from the earth D. the moon moves around the earth A. the moon is hidden by clouds B. the moon’s affect is indirect C. the sun is overhead

D. the moon movers far away

A. every 6 hours B. every 24 hours C. every 18 hours D. every 12 hours

10. According to the passage, which of the following statement

A. Tides are the result of the pull of the moon and the sun B. Weather sometimes affects tides

C. The force directly affecting the earth’s surface comes from moon only

D. The effect of the sun on the ocean water can be neglected. Passage 1

Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage of loss. The noise can be the sound of a jet airplane or machines in factories or loud music or other common sounds found at home and at work. A person only needs to hear the noise little more than one second to be affected.

An American scientist hat found that using aspirin can increase the temporary(短暂的)hearing loss or damage from loud noise. He did an experiment using a number of students at a university who all had normal hearing. He have them different amounts of aspirin for different periods of time, then he tested their hearing ability. He found that students who were given four grams of aspirin a day for two days suffered much greater temporary hearing loss than those who did not use aspirin. The hearing loss was about two times as great.

The scientist said millions of persons in the United States use much larger amounts of aspirin than were used in his experiment. He said these persons face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise.

A. one may lose his hearing when he hears a terribly loud noise

B. one may not become deaf when he hears a loud noise C. loud noises can cause damage to the hearing of young people only

D. common sounds at home are not harmful to the ear 32. This passage suggests that one’A. will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise for less than one second’

B. will not be damaged if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second

C. will not be damaged if he has little more than one second to get ready

D. will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise for

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only little more than one second

damage from loud noise.

A. Analgin B. Anodyne C. Sleeping pill D. Aspirin

34. One conclusion you can draw from this passage is that

A. should never be taken more than four grams B. makes hearing damage from loud noise worse C. always increases hearing loss by two times

D. can damage one’s hearing when it is given more than four grams daily

35. Why are millions of Americans in danger of suffering A. Because they take too much aspirin B. Because they often take air trips

C. Because they like listening to loud music

D. Because they have too much loud noises at home and at work Passage 2

There are thousands of free libraries about the country. The fact that everyone can use these libraries means that, as a whole, Americans have a greater opportunity to read than any other people in the world. Still, all is not as it should be.

It is difficult to believe, but the hard fact is that half the citizens of our country, where nearly everyone can read, do not read one book a year. An investigation of book reading showed that for a three-year period, 48 percent of the people of the United States did not read a book and 18 percent read less than four. That means that over one hundred million Americans did very little of book reading during one of the people who didn’t read books didn’t red magazines either, and sixteen million did not even read the newspaper. This is a nation to which the world looks for enlightened leadership.

A. in theory Americans have more opportunities to read but in fact they don’t

B. most of Americans can use their libraries free of charge but not all of them can do so

C. not all the American libraries are free to admit. Some charge readers a great deal

D. every American has a chance to read in a library, but he doesn’t actually make use of it

37. How many citizens of America do not read one book a

A. Half B. 1/ C.1/5 D. Nearly everyone 38. According to the passage, how many America did not A. 90 percent of B. 20 percent of C. 50 percent of D. 48 percent of

39. How many Americans who didn’t read books didn’t

A. Over twenty million B. Over fifty million C. Over fifteen million D. Over sixteen million A. Make good use of their libraries

B. Be readers before you are to be leaders.

C. Admire those who are both good readers and leaders D. Arouse those who are indifferent toward illiteracy. Cloze (10%)（完形填空）

When people treat you with love. kindness, and understanding, you develop good feelings about yourself. You have a self-image. When people, mistreat, or reject you, you tend to develop bad feelings about yourself. At such times, you self-image is negative.

how you feel about yourself, there is another “you ”. This is the person you show to ——you public image. People react to what they see —— to your appearance and feelings and how you really are inside.

There is also third “you”. You have is called an ideal ideal imagine. An ideal image is the person you would

like to be and would like other people to see.

Your self-image, your public image, and your ideal image are pieces of the complex puzzle of personality. An integrated, or , personality is the result of the long and sometimes painful process of growing up. At different stages of life, people’s identities change. Now are putting your identity as a child behind you and developing the identity of a young adult. All your previous identities will to your new sense of self.

You can fit all these pieces into a satisfying whole. To do this involves effort and decision making thinking and reasoning, Remember, though, that this is not a one-time process. As with your other needs, it is ongoing, Everyone, on his idea is of a stable, whole person. 41. A. standard B. negative C. positive D. wrong 42. A. interest B. love C. problem D. matter 43. A. others B. friends C. audiences D. people 44. A. thought B. behavior C. feeling D. understanding 45. A. what B. seen C. one D. other 46. A. all B. full C. part D. whole 47. A. for example B. in addition

C. in general D. contribute

48. A. introduce B. affect C. influence D. contribute 49. A. focused B. based C. depended D. acted 50. A. regardless B. instead C. independent D. because

Learning goes on by adding new facts or skills to B the learner already has, Each new fact or skill is easier to add ,than any that was learned before it, Thus the more one knows about a subject the learn new things about it,. Although memory is important, study is not a D of memory only. Arithmetic problems, for instance, are mainly practice in using numbers in ways Reading, spelling, and writing are skill subjects require increase his knowledge. The sciences, language arts, and social studies are skill subjects only They also give the learner practice in understanding relationships events, or ecause and affect.

are learned by watching what others do or by watching what others do or by reading about what happened, every case one learns faster if he has a background of information from experience or study. 41. A. that B. those C. which D. these 42. A. that is B. he has C. there is D. it is 43. A. role B. work C. lot D. matter 44. A. to be learned B. being learned

C. learned D. to have learned 45. A. yet B. however C. either D. too 46. A. as a result of B. in addition to

C. in regard to D. by means of 47. A. in turn B. in part C. in case D. in place 48. A. between B. out of C. for D. on 49. A. taking B. giving rise to

C. keeping up with D. taking advantage of 50. A. In B. On C. For D. At

Teaching is supposed professional activlty requiting long and complicated training as well as official certification. The art of teaching is form a higher source to an empty container. The student’s role is of receiving information, the teacher’s role is one of sending it. There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is supposed to know(and therefore not capable of being wrong)and another, usually younger person who to the province of a special group of people nor need it be looked upon as a technical skill. Teaching can guiding and assisting than forcing information through a supposedly empty head. If you have a certain skill you should be You do not have to et certified it convey what you now to someone else or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves. All of us

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very youngest children to members of our cultures should come to realize our own potential（潜力）as teachers. We can share what know, little it might be , with ,someone who has need of that knowledge or skill. 41. A. having B. to be C. being D. to have 42. A. looking upon B. looked as C. looked down as D. looked upon as 43. A. each B. one C. each other D. one another 44. A. is supposed not B. supposed C. doesn’t supposed D. suppose not 45. A. not need to be B. need not to be C. need not be D. be more like 46. A. be like B. toe like C. more like D. be more like 47. A. shared by B. to share it with C. sharing of D. share with 48. A. from B. among C. along D. since 49. A. the older B. the eldest C. the elder D. the oldest 50. A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. whoever