英语的基本句型主要有五种
英语的基本句型主要有五种,
1、主语———动词———表语 2、主语———动词
3、主语———动词———宾语
4、主语———动词———宾语———宾语
5、主语———动词———宾语———补语
掌握好这些基本句型,就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。下面分别讲解这五种句型。一、主语---动词----表语 在这一句型中,动词是系动词,
1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词做表语)
2. Gradually he became silent. (形容词做表语)
3. She remained standing for an hour. (现在分词做表语)
4. The question remained unsolved. (过去分词做表语)
5. The machine is out of order. (介词短语做表语)
6. The television was on. (副词做表语)
7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. (动词不定式做表语)
8. My job is repairing cars. (动名词做表语)
9. The question is what you want to do. (从句做表语,即:表语从句)
注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。 I'm happy to meet you. They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.
二、主语———动词 在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰。
1. The sun is rising. 2. I’ll try.
3.Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep)
4. The engine broke down.
注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。
1. The book sells well. 2. The window won't shut.
3. The pen writes smoothly. 4. Cheese cuts easily.
三、主语———动词———宾语 在此句型中,动词为及物动词。
1.Do you know these people(them)?(名词或代词做宾语)
2. I can't express myself in English. (反身代词做宾语)
3. He smiled a strange smile. (同源宾语)
4. We can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)
5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词做宾语)
6. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. (从句做宾语,即:宾语从句) 注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法。
四、主语———动词———宾语———宾语
在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习遇时,要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。
第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。
1. He handed me a letter. He handed a letter to me.
2. She gave me her telephone number. She gave her telephone number to me. 第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。
3. She sang us a folk song. She sang a folk for us.
4. She cooked us a delicious meal. She cooked a delicious meal for us. 第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。
5. Tell him I'm out. 6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?
五、主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语
在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。
1. He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)
2. The called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补)
3. This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)
4. We went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补)
5.What do you advise me to do?(不定式做宾补)
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (to be做宾补)
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式做宾补)
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的进行式做宾补)
9.Did you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式做宾补)
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (现在分词做宾补)
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词做宾补)
注意:在这个结构中,可以出现用it做形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
it是形式宾语,his duty是宾语补足语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
2.I think it best that you should stay with us.
it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。 请判断下列句子的结构类型1. He is running.
2. The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.
3. The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.
4. She seemed angry.
5. My father bought me a beautiful present.
6.Why do you keep your eyes closed?
7.Will you tell us an exciting story?
8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.
10.Can you push the window open?
谈英语动词的分类与使用
英语动词是构成句子谓语的主要成分,分成“行为动词(Action Verb)、连系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)和情态动词(Modal Verb)”四类。 行为动词:含有实在意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能够独立作谓语。 连系动词:本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。 助动词:本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词 表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式。
情态动词:本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
一、 “助动词”和“情态动词”两类。
1、助动词 构成不同时态和语态的词有:am, are, is, was, were, have, has, had, shall, should, will和would; 用来构成疑问句和否定句的助动词有:do, does和did。
2、情态动词 情态动词有:can, could, may, might, must, will, shall, should, would, ought, need, dare和used。
它们的句法功能
1、在一般疑问句的简略答语中。口语中表示否定的not和动词连读,书写时缩写在一起:
Are you learning math? -Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
Has he got a book? -Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
Can you speak/talk French? -Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
Will he go boating? -Yes, he will. /No, he won’t.
二、完全型动词
(一)完全型动词的形式、否定句和疑问句的表达方式
除了上面给出的变态动词外,其他英语动词均为完全型动词。但应该注意:“助动词”和“情态动词”中的be, have, do, need也用作完全型动词。这时,在句子中所起的功能也不相同,并且在这时,它们具备完全动词的变化形式和句法功能。
1、完全型动词的存在形式
完全型动词具有动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词或
上述不同的动词形式,用在不同的语言环境里,表示存在动作或状态。
2、完全型动词的否定句形式
完全型动词(be除外)的否定方式,一般现在时第三人称单数主语用doesn’t否定,其他人称主语一律用don’t否定;一般过去时一律用didn’t否定,但在正式语体中不用缩写式:
He/She doesn’t do morning exercises in the morning.
I/We/You/They don’t know him at all.
I/We/He/She didn’t know you before.
Do you like swimming?-Yes, I/we do. / No, I/we don’t.
Does he/she like dancing?
-Yes, he/she does. / No, he/she doesn’t.
一般过去时肯定回答一律用did,否定回答用didn’t:
Did you take part in the planting trees last Sunday? -Yes, I did. /No. I didn’t.
(二)完全型动词的分类及句型 分为连系动词、不及物动词和及物动词。
1、连系动词
连系动词be是完全型动词中的一个特例。be有不同的变化形式,和不同的人称主语连用, Be more careful of your hands. Don’t cut yourself. be在否定的祈使句中,用do not方式否定,口语中用缩略式don’t:
Do not be late for your class. (or: Don’t be late for your class.)
2、不及物动词(缩写成vi.)常见不及物动词如come(来),go(去),rise(上升),die(死)等等:He has come. 他来了。The sun has risen. 太阳升起来了。
3、及物动词(缩写成vt.)
及物动词依据所带成分的不同,出现了下面三种不同的动词句型:
(1)及物动词+宾语
He likes rice/it. (v. + n. / pron.) 他喜欢米饭(它)。
(2)及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
The walls have been painted white. 墙涂成了白色。
** 动词have(使),hear(听见),let(让),listento(听„„),notice(注意到),make(使),watch(观看),see(看见)等动词之后,用不定式作宾语补语时,要省略不定式符号to:
We hear someone sing in the next room. 我们听见隔壁有人唱歌。
(3)及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
He gives a book to me. 他把一本书给我。