礼仪培训-英文

餐桌礼仪

Table Manners

The main difference between Chinese and W estern eating habits is that unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in Chi-

na the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of food and will do their best to give you a taste of many different types of cuisine. Among friends, they will just order enough for the people there. If they are taking somebody out for din-

ner and the relationship is polite to semi-polite, then they will usually order one more dish than the number of guests (e.g.four people, five dish-

es). If it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion, there is likely to be a huge amount of food that will be impopssible to finish.

A typical meal starts with garlic. These are followed by the main courses, hot meat and vegetable dishes. Finally a soup is brought out, which is followed by the starchy "staple"food, which is usually rice or noodles or sometimes dumplings. Many Chinese eat rice (or noodles or whatever) last,

but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes, you should say so early on.

One thing to be aware of is that when eating with a Chinese host, you may find that the person is using their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat the whatever-it-is and say how yummy it is. If you feel uncomforta-

ble with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave the food there, and maybe cover it up with a little rice when they are not

looking. There is a certain amount of leniency involved when dealing with Westerners. So you won't be chastised.

Eating No-no's

Traditional-

ly speaking, there are many taboos at Chinese tables, but these days not many people pay attention to them. However, there are a few

things to keep in mind, especially if you are a guest at a private home.

1) Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. Instead,lay them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine

to them contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it. So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and is equivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table!

2) Make sure the spout of the teapot is not facing anyone. It is impolite to set the teapot down where the spout is facing towards somebody. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitting,usually just outward from the table.

3) Don't tap on your bowl with your chopsticks. Beggars tap on their bowls, so this is not polite. Also, in a restaurant, if the food is coming too slow people will tap their bowls. If you are in someone's home, it is like insulting the cook.

Eat Local

You can get expensive, delicious meals in any of the large hotels, but if you are looking for atmosphere, you have to go to a local joint. Not only is it cheaper, but you can get a good look at the locals and what normal people are like. And what the food lacks in presentation is made up for in the taste. Some restaurants have English menus, but don't count on it. A good way to choose dishes is to look at what othes are eating and point at

it for the waitress. The other option is to play "Myatery Dinner," where players randomly point at items in the menu and wait for the surprise dishes to come. Whoever orders the braised dog heart with scallions in shark vomit sauce wins! If you bring your Guide with you, however, you can use the food guide in the back of the book to choose some safe and delicious fare.

Also, be sure to sample the local brew, Yanjing Beer.

Drining

Gan Bei!(cheers!)

Alcohol is a big part of eating in Beijing. Especially when dining with Chinese hosts, you can expect the beer to flow freely and many beis to be gan-ed.(Gan Bei literally means "dry the glass")Besides beer, the offici-

ci-

al Chinese alcoholic beverage is bai jiu, high-proof Chinese liquor made from assorted grains. There are varying degrees of bai jiu, and some are quite good. The Beijing favorite is called Er Guo Tou, which is a whopping 56% alcohol. More expensive and less formidable are Maotai and Wulian

gye, which go for about 300-400 yuan per bottle. In comparison,

Er Guo Tou costs a modest 4or 5 yuan per ping(bottle). If you are not a drinker, or don't feel up to the challenge, just say "wo bu hui he jiu"(I don't drink). It is generally acceptable to use Coke or tea as an alcohol substitute

一．入座的礼仪．先请客人入座上席．在请长者入座客人旁依次入座，入座时要从椅子左边进入．入座后不要动筷子．更不要弄出什么响声来．也不要起身走动．如果有什么事要向主人打招呼．

第二, 进餐时. 先请客人. 长着动筷子. 夹菜时每次少一些. 离自己远的菜就少吃一些. 吃饭时不要出声音. 喝汤时也不要出声响, 喝汤用汤匙一小口一小口地喝. 不宜把碗端到嘴边喝, 汤太热时凉了以后再喝. 不要一边吹一边喝. 有的人吃饭喜欢用咀嚼食物. 特别是使劲咀嚼脆食物, 发出很清晰的声音来. 这种做法是不合礼仪要求的. 特别是和众人一起进餐时, 就要尽量防止出现这种现象.

第三:进餐时不要打嗝, 也不要出现其他声音, 如果出现打喷嚏, 肠鸣等不由自主的声响时, 就要说一声" 真不好意思".; 对不起;." 请原凉". 之内的话. 以示歉意.

第四; 如果要给客人或长辈布菜. 最好用公筷. 也可以把离客人或长辈远的菜肴送到他们跟前, 按我们中华民族的习惯. 菜是一个一个往上端

的. 如果同桌有领导, 老人, 客人的话. 每当上来一个新菜时就请他们先动筷子. 或着轮流请他们先动筷子. 以表示对他们的重视.

第五:吃到鱼头, 鱼刺, 骨头等物时, 不要往外面吐, 也不要往地上仍. 要慢慢用手拿到自己的碟子里, 或放在紧靠自己餐桌边或放在事先准备好的纸上.

第六:要适时地抽空和左右的人聊几句风趣的话, 以调和气氛. 不要光着头吃饭, 不管别人, 也不要狼吞虎咽地大吃一顿, 更不要贪杯.

第七:最好不要在餐桌上剔牙. 如果要剔牙时, 就要用餐巾或手挡住自己的嘴巴.

第八:要明确此次进餐的主要任务. 要明确以谈生意为主. 还是以联络感情为主. 或是以吃饭为主. 如果是前着, 在安排座位时就要注意. 把主要谈判人的座位相互靠近便于交谈或疏通情感. 如果是后着. 只需要注意一下常识性的礼节就行了, 把重点放在欣赏菜肴上,

第九:最后离席时. 必须向主人表示感谢. 或者就此时邀请主人以后到自己家做客, 以示回

中国人乃礼仪之帮，民以食为天，用餐岂能没有规矩！虽然说讲不讲

究都是一日三餐，但是知道总比不知道好吧！

1。请客要早通知，6：00入席，老人家你5：50才叫客人来，不对吧。2。主人家不能迟到；客人应当迟到5－10分钟，这是非常体贴的客人哦，注意掌握，自然宾主皆欢。3。要是坐圆桌子，对着大门的是主座，或是背*墙、柜台的；讲究些的饭店，会用餐巾予以区分，餐巾最高大的位置不能随便坐哦，除非你打算好请客喽：D

4。主人右手边的是主客，左手边的是次重要的客人；*门边面对主人的，自然是跑腿招呼的陪客坐的啦。5。做客人的不能直接向点菜员吆喝指点，应该乖乖坐等主人家点菜；如果客人确实有严重的忌口或爱好，应当轻轻告诉主人家，主人自然要替他做主，满足客人小小或大大的要求。6。主人家，不点或少点需要用手抓或握着吃的菜，比如蟹、龙虾腿、排骨等等。一顿饭来上三个这样的菜就没治了。还有什么礼仪可讲！7。不勉强也不反对别人少量饮酒，无酒不成宴嘛！8。上酒水上菜了！老外喜欢自夸手艺，国人可不作兴吹嘘自己点的菜，主人家细心观察凉菜上齐、每位杯中都有酒水后，当立即举杯，欢迎开始。。。之类的，转动圆盘或是示意右手边的主客动第一筷。主客可别推让太久哦，大家肚子都饿了，就等你开吃了！吃了的别忘了赞美一下哦。9。之后的每道菜一上来，虽然服务员与主人还是会转到主客面前，但并不用太拘泥啦，如果正好在我面前，又没人转动圆盘，我也会先夹一小筷子尝尝的！10。主人家要常常转圆盘，照顾到绝大部分客人；陪客则补充招呼服务一下；客人的手能不碰圆盘而吃完整

餐，则宾主又皆欢啦。11。如果没有服务员分菜或是公筷、公勺，夹菜的时候可要先看好，切不可用自己的筷子在盘中挑来拣去，甚至搅拌！不是每个人都像爱人一样不介意你筷子上的口水的！通常看准了拣距离自己最近的那部分。12。最好让筷子上的食物在自己的接碟中过渡一下，才送入口中。可以使吃相看起来不是那么急切。13。食物在口中咀嚼时，切记的大事就是闭紧双唇，以免说话、物体掉落、汁水外溢，以及免得发出" 骠叽骠叽" 的倒胃口声响。14。无论是用餐期间或用餐前后，都应当背部挺直，尽量往后坐椅子而不*。用餐期间，基本上双手都在桌面以上。15。一个太好胃口的主人，和正在减肥的客人，不适宜这样的饭局哦~!《转》

中国传统节日英文说法

过年 celebrate the spring festival

春联 spring festival couplets

剪纸 paper-cuts

年画 new year paintings

买年货 do shopping for the spring festival ; do spring festival shopping

敬酒 propose a toast

灯笼 lantern

烟花 fireworks

爆竹 firecrackers (people scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)

红包 red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.)

舞狮 lion dance (the lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)

舞龙 dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests)

戏曲 traditional opera

杂耍 variety show

灯谜 riddles written on lanterns

灯会 exhibit of lanterns

守岁 staying-up

拜年 pay new year's call; give new year's greetings; pay new year's visit

禁忌 taboo

去晦气 get rid of the ill- fortune

祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to one's ancestors

压岁钱 gift money; money given to children as a lunar new year gift

cul-ture note: in the old days, new year's money was given in the form of one hun-

dred copper coins strung together on a red string and symbolized the hope that one would live to be a hundred years old. today, money is placed inside red envelopes in denominations considered auspicious and given to represent luck and wealth

辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year

扫房 spring cleaning; general house-cleaning

年糕 nian-gao; rise cake; new year cake

团圆饭 family reunion dinner

年夜饭 the dinner on new year's eve