中考英语阅读理解试题类型及试题分析
中考英语阅读理解试题类型及试题分析
考查的主要题型
1.主旨题：考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。
主旨题所提问题主要涉及文章的中心思想、主要内容、标题、作者的态度、目的、文章的语气等。 我们首先要找出文章的主题句，我们通常可以在以下几个地方找到：
(1)位于一段开头的段首句，演绎型文章的主题句通常能在段落的起始部分找到；
(2)位于一段结尾的段末句，归纳型文章的主题句通常能在段落的终结部分找到；
(3)若既不在段首，也不在段末，我们就应细心地在这段的中心部分去寻找；
(4)有的主题句通过某种表达方式或修辞手段委婉、含蓄地提出来，这称为暗示句。这种暗示句通常难度较大，它可能不是一句完整的话而仅是一个词语，也可能是通过一些具有感情色彩的词语来表达的，还可能是通过字里行间来表达的。主旨句的提问形式主要有： (1)What' s the main idea of the passage? (2)Which is the best title of the passage? (3)Which of the following is this passage about?
(4)The passage tells us that__________.
(5)This passage mainly talks about__________.
2.细节题: 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。 在做阅读理解题时，除了首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意外，还必须弄清楚文中的一些重要细节或事实。细节题在阅读理解部分占相当大一部分，涉及的内容很广，如时间、地点、人物、数字、原因、结果、文字结构等。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：（1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。
细节题的提问形式常见的有:
(1) According to the passage, when/where/what / who/how/why…?
(2) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
(3)According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT… (4) Which of the following is not mentioned? (5) Which of the following is Not True in the passage? (6) Choose the right order of this passage. (7) From this passage we know ________.
3.猜测题: 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。 猜测题是阅读理解部分常见的一个测试项目，主要用来测试考生对文章中出现的熟悉或不熟悉的词或词组的意义的理解能力。
当遇到不认识的而又是要测试的生词时，要通过上下文去进行猜测。注意与这个词紧密相连的前后几个词语的意思， 其次，利用构词法来进行猜测。常用的构词法有派生法，转化法以及合成法。英语中有相当大一部分单词都是由上述三种构词法变来的，这些词的构成一般都有一定的规律，掌握一些常见的规律，对于猜测考试中遇到的生词大有帮助。
指代题的提问形式主要有：
(1) The word “______” in the passage probably means ________.
(2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______. (3) In this story the underlined word “_______” means ________.
(4) Here “it” means________.
4.推理题: 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。
推理题是阅读理解部分的一项重要内容。这类题要求考生脱离字面理解的局限，透过文章的字里行间，对作者的话进行推理判断，从而获得对文章的深层理解。 推理题的答案往往在文章的字面上不会出现，必须依据已有信息来进行推理，不能脱离原文去主观臆断。因此，在做推理题时，必须从原文里找到推断的依据。
中考英语试题中的推断题很多，包括的面也很大。
其类型主要有以下几种：
(1)事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推
断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
(2)逻辑推断： 这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。
(3)对作者的意图和态度的推断：这类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。
推理题的提问形式主要有：
(1) We can learn from this passage that…
(2) We can conclude from the passage that… (3) It can be seen from the passage that…
(4) What is the real meaning of the doctors’ words?
(5) Many visitors come to the writer’s city to ________. (6) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____.
(7) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station? 2011年C篇Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true.
Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here are some advice for you to bridge the generation gap (代沟).
Don’t argue (争辩) with your parents. Don’t get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’t consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can’t express yourself well if you are angry. Go someplace to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you
want to say to your parents. If you don’t think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter.
Try to reach a compromise (和解). Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael’s mother didn’t agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days.
Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect (尊敬) to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.
Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life.
A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try!
( D ) 56. According to the passage who have a communication problem? （细节题: 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。）
A. parents and other people B. only school kids and their parents
C. teachers and their students D. parents and children of all ages
( C ) 57. How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to bridge the generation gap?
（主旨题：考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。）
A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.
( B ) 58. The underlined word “bridge” in the passage means “______”.
（猜测题: 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。）
A. 建立 B. 消除 C. 通过 D. 到达
( D ) 59. If the values of your parents are different from those of yours, you’d better ______.
A. argue with them B. keep away from them C. agree with them all the time D. tell your parents what you care about ( B ) 60. The best title for the passage is______.
（主旨题：考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。）
A. How to bridge the generation gap B. How to deal with family problems
C. How to be good parents D. How to be a good child
2010年D篇Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy but few know how to find happiness. Money and success don’t bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happiness. Some people believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means happiness. On the other hand, some people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness. In this way, you have not only money, but also many other things which can’t be bought by money. However, other people believe that having lots of money is not happiness, nor is holding a high position in the government. These people value(重视) their beliefs, or their intelligence, or their health. They think these can make them happy.
Here are a few ways to help you be happier. The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future, for example, getting into college or getting a good job, that we don’t enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have close friends usually enjoy happier and healthier lives. The second secret of happiness is to be active. Many people go dancing or play sports. People can forget about their problems and only think about the activities. Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feel good when they volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for other people. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to get food for an old neighbor, or simply help around the house. Now maybe you know how to find happiness!
( D )61. The underlined word “wealthy” means “__________” in the article. （猜测题: 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。）
A. pleased B. healthy C. excited D. rich ( A )62. Some people who hold a high position in the government think they can _________.
（细节题: 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。）
A. get money and something they can’t buy with money
B. do what they want to do at any time
C. enjoy health which makes them work hard
D. take an active part in all kinds of activities every day ( C )63. The writer thinks the secret of happiness is that people ___________.
（推理题: 事实推断，这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。）
A. think about getting a good job B. think of presents they don’t like
C. often spend time with close friends D. often spend time on entering the college ( B )64. Many people find it happy to ___________.
A. remember the old days and troubles B. do some meaningful things for others
C. go shopping to buy some food D. make much money and little success ( A )65. The passage mainly tells us __________.
（主旨题：考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。）
A. how to find happiness B. how to save happiness
C. to do something good for others D. to value our beliefs or health