非谓语动词作宾补,状语
非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法及区别
一、不定式作宾补
1.常见的接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词:tell, ask, want, teach, allow, expect, get, demand, request, invite, love, hate, like, prefer, would like等。其否定形式在不定式前加not
a. My mother often tells me to study hard at school.
b. Mr. Feng asked us not to play too many computer games at home.
c. I want you to teach me how to learn English well.
2.常见的接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要是一些表示感觉的动词 “吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe);3使(make, let, have);2听(listen to, hear);1感觉(fell)。
如:At that time, I found him crying in the street. He was caught stealing. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.
例如:
a. I heard her sing yesterday. —— She was heard to sing yesterday by me. b. He made me laugh. —— I was made to laugh by him.
二、V-ing形式作宾补
V-ing
三、V-ed
Step 3注意几种习惯用法:
1. see, watch, notice, look at, observe; hear, listen to; feel ; + sb
① + do 作宾补,表示事情全过程或一次性动作,该动作已完成。表示一个事实。 ② + doing 作宾补,表示一个正在进行和发生的动作,尚未结束。具有一定的描述性。
③ + done作宾补,sb跟done 之间是被动关系 。
He saw a girl get on the bus.
He saw a girl getting on the bus.
He saw a thief caught by the police.
2. let / make sb do sth
get sb to do / doing / done
have sb do / doing / one
3. find / think / feel it + adj. + to do 结构
get sb to do
做题技巧
1. 分析宾语和宾补之间的主谓关系,是主动还是被动
2. 记牢几种习惯用法
非谓语动词作状语
一、不定式作状语可以作:
1.主要用作目的状语。常与in order to do (为了)或so as to do(以便)连用。so as to 不用于居首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。
2.作结果状语。表示出乎意料的结果。
He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。
3.注意;Too….to, enough to, only to(主动,被动)
二分词作状语可以作:
1.作时间状语
Hearing the noise, I turned round. 听见响声我转过身去。
Having done my shopping, I returned home. 买完东西,我就回家了。
2.表示原因。往往位于句首,表示发生某一行为的原因。
Being League members, we are ready to help others.
Criticized by his father, he felt very upset.
3.表示条件。
Giving more time to you, I believe you can do better.
Given more time, we could have done it better. (If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.)
4.表示伴随或方式。
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by two students.
The teacher came into the classroom, following two students.
5.表示结果。现在分词作结果状语表示自然的结果。
A hurricane hit this area last night, blowing down a lot of trees.
分析:现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别?分词的否定形式。
三. 分词作状语时前面可用连词。
when, while, once, if, unless, though等引导的状语从句,若其主语与主句主语相同时,可保留该副词连接词,其余部分则化简为分词短语。
When (being) free,I’ll fetch you.有空时,我会来接你。
四.分词和分词短语在表示时间、原因、条件、让步和方式时,通常可转换为相应的状语从句;表示方式和伴随情况时,可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
=Although they know all this, they made me pay for the damage.
他们尽管了解这一切,还是要我赔偿损失。
五.分词或分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句中的主语相同(即保持一致) 如果分词或分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语不是句中的主语,分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构,或独立主格。有时也可用“with(或without)+名词(或代词宾格)+分词”的结构,表示伴随情况。
The day being very wet,Mary wore her new mackintosh.
因为这天是阴雨天气,玛丽穿上她的新雨衣。
Weather permitting,the ship will leave the harbour at dawn.
如果天气不错的话,船将在黎明时离港。
He lay on his back,his knees drawn up.
他蜷着腿,仰面躺着。
The boys returned, their face covered with sweat.
孩子们回来了,满脸是汗。
经常这样用的分词短语有:
frankly speaking 老实地说,坦率地说
generally speaking 一般地说
strictly speaking 严格地说
properly speaking 确切地说来
talking or taken one with another 总地看来
taken as a whole 总地来说
这种分词短语可以说是一种句子状语,也可以看作是一个句子的独立成份。
区分:Ving 和Having done的区分
1. Ving表示分词的动作和其逻辑主语为主动,进行关系,分词动作和主句动作
同时发生,或发生其后。
2. Having done表示分词和逻辑主语为主动关系,但分词动作发生在逻辑主语之
前。有明显先后顺序。
区分:Ved ,Being done, to be done, 和having been done三者都表示被动,但所表示时间不一致。
[14江苏]29. The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given
(2013四川)10. The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed