Unit3被动语态
Unit 2 被动语态
主动与被动
例:1. Andrew repairs bikes. Andrew修理自行车。
2. Bikes are repaired by Andrew.自行车是由Andrew修理的。
被动语态是形式=主语+Be动词+过去分词+by+动作的发生者
Be 动词+过去分词 例:1. The song is sung by Andrew.
2. I hear the song sung by Andrew.
3. English and French are spoken in Canada.
主动及被动的转换
例: 主动: He praised me 被动: I was praised by him.
*及物动词才有被动,但是有些“不及物动词+介词”可被视为及物动词片语,所以可用被动语态。
例:1. I listen to music. (listen 是不及物动词,但是listen to 是动词片语,所以视为被动语态。)
2. Something happened to Mark. Happened (不及物动词)
3. He takes care of the newcomer to the club.
被动:The newcomer to the club is taken care of by him.
各种时态的被动语态形成: Be动词+P.P be (时态)P.P(被动)
(1) 现在时的被动语态: am / are / is+过去分词
Betty keeps five newborn cats at home. 被动: Five newborn cats are kept by Betty at home.
(2) 过去时的被动语态:was / were + 过去分词
They sold many kinds of child seats at shop. = Many kinds of seats were sold (by them) at the shop.
The police ran after the thief in the street. = The thief was run after by the police in the street.
*run的过去式时ran,过去分词是run.
(3) 现在进行时的被动语态:am/are/is being P.P. Workers are building the new shopping center. The new shopping center by workers. = am/are/is being P.P.
(4) 过去进行时的被动语态=was/were/being P.P. Mr. Smith was printing the exam papers. =was/were/being P.P.
(5) 未来时的被动语态: =They will hold the school sports in October.
被动:The school sports will be held/is going to be held (by them) in October.
Our class is going to discuss the problem.
被动:The problem is going to be discussed/will be discussed by our class.
其他助动词,如: Can, must, should …等的被动语态形成方法和未来式的被动一样。
例: Every one of us should follow school rules.
被动:School rules should be followed by every one of us.
Everyone 指大家,每一个人Every one 指代表单数名词。
(6) 现在完成时的被动语态 have/has been P.P. (have/has+P.P.) The naughty boy has already been punished by teacher. = have/ has+been+P.P.
各种句型的被动语态形成
(1) Yes/No 问句 即 Be动词/aux助动词为首的问句
1. Did Judy mess up my room?
疑问句的被动:Was my room messed up by July? (正确答案)
2. (Must 是有中文翻译的助动词,有中文翻译的助动词必须放前面)
(2) WH问句=即疑问词为首的问句
1. What did he catch?
What by him? 答:The fish . What 是主词
2. When did the boy break the window?
【过度思考When the window was broken by the boy?】
When was the window broken by the boy?
3.西班牙说那种语言?What language is spoken in Spain? Spanish is.
Who+动词的问句=By whom+beV+s+P.P...?
(3) Who bought the sweater?
过度思考:The sweater was bought by whom?
正确答案:Whom was the sweater bought by?= By whom was the sweater bought (by提前)?
(4) 否定句 S+BeV not P.P.
Aux not P.P.
例:They don’t collect recyclable paper every day. (not every并非每一天都收集废纸,部分否定。)
Recyclable paper isn’t collected (by him) every day.
Can 是有中文解释的助动词, 助动词后面跟动词原型 be+P.P.
A full moon can’t be seen (by us) tonight.
*特别注意的被动语态
(1)By+行为者之省略: 1.一般人 2.为指明的人 3.含糊不清的人。
1. Rice is grown in Taiwan.
2. My uncle was killed in the war.
3. The novel was translated into many languages.
(2)不使用by 的被动语态
例如1. Mr. Jackson people in this town。 这个街上的人都知道Mr. Jackson. 短语 be known to… …为…所知 例如2. Taipei its good foods.台北以它的美食而闻名。以……闻名be known for-特色
例如3.She a successful singer.她身为一名歌手而成名。
Known可以换成 famous be known as 意思是:作为......而出名
例如4. Those mountains are covered with snow. 那些山覆盖着白雪。Be Covered with 被什么覆盖
例如5. They were caught in a shower during the barbecue .他们烤肉时被一阵雨淋了
Be caught in a shower.被一阵雨淋了。
例如6. Shoes are made of leather. 皮鞋是皮子做的。 Made of 由……制成 (物理变化)
例如7. Bread is made from flour.面包是面粉做的。 有化学的变化用Made from由……制成
(3) 授予动词的被动语态
例如1. The embassy gave me a new passport. 大使馆给了我一份新的护照。
1 2 3
改成被动: I was given a new passport by the embassy .我被大使馆给予了一份新的护照
例如2. The embassy gave a new passport to me.
1 2 3
改成被动:A new passport was given (to) me by the embassy . 一份新的护照被大使馆给了我。
注意:介系to 在被动语态句中可以省略,其它介词不可以省略。
例如3. Mr .white told us the history story. White 先生告诉我们这个历史故事。
1 2 3
被动 We were told the history story by Mr. White. 我们被告诉了这个历史故事是从white那里
还可 The history story to us by Mr. White .这个历史故事是被white先生告诉我们的。
注意有些授予动词如 cook …等不能用人做为被动的主语。
例如Mom cooked us vegetable soup. 妈妈给我们做了蔬菜汤。
被动 Vegetable soup was cooked for us by Mom .蔬菜汤是被我妈妈做给我们的。
不能 We were cooked vegetable soup by Mom. 注意这句话是不能这样说的. 所以cook 不能用人作为被动语态的主语。
(4) S+V+O+C 的被动语态 S主词+V动词+O受词+C补语
例如 1 . They painted the board blue. 他们把木板漆成了蓝色。(blue修饰board)
被动 The board was painted blue by them . 板子被他们漆成了蓝色。
例如2. We elected Jake chairperson. 我们选Jake当主席 。
被动 Jake was elected chairperson by us . Jake 被我们选为主席。
(5)祈使句的被动语态
*原型动词+受词 Let+受词+be+P.P (祈使句一般省略主词YOU)
*使役动词 Let
例如: Open the door. 被动:The door is opened. 这是不对的。(因为是直述句的被动,不是祈使句的被动。) 应该是 Let the door be opened. 让门就打开吧, 这才是祈使句的被动语态 .
*Let+O(人)+原形动词+O (物) (如果没有Let,加上Let. 有Let 就直接写)
例如: Let me tell the truth 就让我说实话吧。
被动: Let the truth be told by me. 实话就让我说出来吧。
(7) 使役动词的被动语态
解析:我可以做跑腿的动作,所以我和跑腿的关系是主动,
My brother had me run errands for him 一般的口气。
My brother let me run errands for him
My brother gets me to run errands for him. Get …to
run errands 跑腿
例如2. I had my hair cut(P.P.)yesterday . 我昨天剪了我的头发。 被动语态 ;头发是被剪的。
例如3. Let it be done (do) at once. 立刻去做这件是吧。 被动语态:Let+O+ V (主动) / be P.P.(被动) 例如4. Mr. Lin made me do (do) the work. Lin先生叫我去做这个工作。(前主后主)
例如5. Mr. Lin made the work done (do) by me 。Lin先生叫我做了这个工作。(前主后被)
例如6. I was made to do(do)the work by Mr. Lin. 我被Lin先生叫去做这个工作。(前被后主)
例如1. I saw him beat /beating (beat) the little boy. 我看见他打一个小男孩。(I saw 主动;他打 主动) 例如2. I saw the little boy beaten by him. 我看见一个小男孩被打。 (被动被打)
例如3. He was seen to beat/ beating the little boy by me .他打小男孩被我看见
感官动词后面用动词原型和用动词ing形式是由差别的。
用Beat 是看了打全过程
用beating 是正好看了一眼正在打的动作。