高中英语语法主谓一致学案
主谓一致
主谓一致:谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致, 这就叫主谓一致。
一.就近原则
谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式一致
1. 当连词or, not…but…, either… or …, neither… nor …;not only… but also …
等连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式常与最接近的词语保持一致,
1)Not only his children but also he himself (want) to go there.
2)Either my wife or I be )going to work there.
3)be ) responsible for the result of the matter.
2. 在倒装句中,谓语与后面第一个主语的数保持一致
In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
3. 当一个句子是由 there 或here 引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最靠
近它的主语一致,如: Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.
There ______(be )many students and a teacher in the classroom.
二.就远原则:动词应和前面的主语(离它最远的那个)在人称和数上保持一致
当主语后有介词with, together/along with, including, like, but, except, other than,
rather than和as well as等时
①The teacher as well as the students (be )excited at the news last night.
②Nobody except my parents (know) me.
三. 整体原则:
1. 从句,不定式,v-ing 形式等做主语时一般被看作一个整体谓语动词应用单数。
1) (be )very important in learning English.
2) (be )hard work.
3)(have) come true.
2. 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念谓语用复数;但如果表示一个
整体概念即指同一人或同一物时作主语,谓语动词须用单数; and 此时连接的两
个词前只有一个冠词比如iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安
bread and butter 黄油面包 a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a knife and fork 刀叉 truth and honesty 真诚 a coat and tie 配有领带的上衣
1)be ) going to Europe next week.
2)A poet and a writer have come.
3) (be )the best policy.
4)War and peace (be ) a constant theme in history.
3. 表示时间,距离,金额等的词做主语时,通常被视为一个整体谓语动词用单数。
Three years is not a long time。
四.具体而定:
1. 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, company, population, minority, enemy,
party, crowd, crew, audience, public, committee, government, majority, group等强调
整体时谓语用单数指个体成员时谓语用复数. 但people, police, cattle等用复数。
large and eighty percent of the population farmers
(read )for pleasure during their spare time.
2. 成双成对出现的复数名词如 glasses, scissors, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, stockings 等做主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数, 但如果其前有a/the pair of; a/the suit of 等词语时, 谓语动词要用单数.
(1)His glasses are broken. (2)This pair of glasses is his.
3. 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致,但“one of+复数名词”后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数,而在“the (only/very)one of+复数名词”后面所接的定语从句中,谓语动词却用单数
①He is one of the students who (have )taken part in the activity.
②He is the only one of the students who (have ) taken part in the activity.
(want ) to go for a picnic please put up your hands
4. 分数或百分数, “half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/ plenty/ 分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语, 谓语要和of 之后的名词单复数保持一致. 这是因为of 后面的名词是中心词,而of 前面的词是修饰语
(1)Two-thirds of the people present (be ) against the plan.
(2)Most of his spare time (be )spent in reading
5.a number of, a variety of 修饰可数名词, 谓语动词用复数; the number of, the variety of接名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数。
(be ) from the south.
(be )49.
6. 单复数同形的名词,如means, works, deer, fish, sheep等要视情况而定。
①Every means (have ) been tried.
②All possible means (have ) been tried.
7.all, none, some, any等不定代词作主语,根据其指代的内容而定
①All is going on very well.
②All are present besides the professor.
8.a quantity of, an amount of 后接不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数; quantities of, amounts of之后接不可数名词, 谓语动词一般用复数形式。
With more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.(=With more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.)
五.特别记忆
1.every /each/no 修饰名词以及and 连接的两个有every /each/no修饰的名词作主语时谓语用单数Each student (be )required to tell a story in class on Monday.. Each boy and each girl
2.“more than one +名词”; “many a +单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数 More than one student is willing to take part in the activity.
Many a method has been tried to solve the problem.
3.something, everything, anything, nothing,somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语,谓语通常用单数。例如:Nothing is impossible.
4. “the +adj .”结构指人时,谓语动词用复数
(be )well taken care of in this country.
【真题变式】用所给动词的适当形式填空。
①(12·天津)The letters for the boss ________(put) on his desk but he didn’t read them until three days later.
②(12·湖南)All the scientific evidence ______ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming __ (be) damaging our health.
③(11·湖南)One-third of the country __ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ___ (be) black people.
④(2011·安徽高考)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ (be) saved for other purposes.
⑤(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _____ (wear) evening dress.
挑战高考
6. (12·湖南)All the scientific evidence ____that increasing use of chemicals in farming ____ damaging our health.
A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is
7. (11·江苏)The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting
8. (11·安徽)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. A. is B. are C. was D. were
9. (12·陕西)The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
10. (10·全国)Barbara is easy to recogniz e as she’s the only one of the women who ______ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn
11. (10·湖南)Listening to loud music at rock concerts _____ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have
12. (10·四川)Such poets as Shakespeare _____ widely read, of whose works, however, some ___ difficult to understand. A. are ;are B. is ;is C. are ;is
D. is; are
13. (09·山东)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _______ rising steadily since 1997. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
14. (09·四川)The teacher together with the students ______ discussing Reading Skills that ______ newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
15. (09·陕西)Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _____ visit Beijing this summer. A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
16. (09·江西)At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _____ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. A. is B. are C. will be D. was
17. (09·湖南)Either you or one of your students ____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be
18.(13·湖南)The university estimates that living expenses for international students around $8, 450 a year, which
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is