不规则单复数.动词
不规则动词表、不规则名词复数形式和不规则形容词、副词比较级与最高级
2010-10-22 17:13:34| 分类: 英语学习 |字号大中小订阅
一、不规则动词表:
1. A-A-A 型(无变化的动词)
cut-cut-cut let-let-let hit-hit-hit put-put-put cost-cost-cost hurt-hurt-hurt read/[rid ]/-read[red]-read[red]
2. A-A-B 型(现在式和过去式同形)如: beat-beat-beaten
3.A-B-A 型(现在式和过去分词同形)
come-came-come become-became-become run-ran-run
4.A-B-B 型(动词的过去式与过去分词相同)
1)词尾的“d”变为“t”或词尾是“n”加“t”
build-built-built lend-lent-lent send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent burn-burnt/burned-burnt/burned learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned mean-meant-meant
2)把原形变为aught 及ought 的变化(如果原形有a 则是aught ,无a 则是ought )buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought think-thought-thought fight-fought-fought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught
3)-eep 变-ept 或过去式、过去分词含有/e/音的动词
keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left
say-said-said meet-met-met spell-spelt-spelt
smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled hold-held-held feel-felt-felt
4)其他
dig-dug-dug find-found-found stand-stood-stood
understand-understood-understood get-got-got sit-sat-sat
spoil-spoilt-spoilt have/has-had-had sell-sold-sold tell-told-told hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung hear-heard-heard make-made-made
pay-paid-paid lay-laid-laid lie (说谎)-lied-lied lose-lost-lost shine-shone/shined-shone/shined win-won-won shoot-shot-shot
5.A-B-C 型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
1)in 、im 的变化(i-a-u 型)
sing-sang-sung ring-rang-rung begin-began-begun
drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum sink-sank-sunk
2)在动词原形后加-n 或-en 构成过去分词
①ow及aw 的变化(过去式以ew 结尾,过去分词以wn 结尾)
draw-drew-drawn know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown
blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown fly-flew-flown
②元音是i 的开音节的变化(过去分词以en 结尾)
drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen ride-rode-ridden
write-wrote-written give-gave-given
③其他
see-saw-seen eat-ate-eaten take-took-taken fall-fell-fallen
freeze-froze-frozen show-showed-shown break-broke-broken
speak-spoke-spoken wake-woke-woken choose-chose-chosen
forget-forgot-forgotten lie (躺,放)-lay-lain wear-wore-worn be (am ,is ,are )-was/were-been
(3)其他
go-went-gone do-did-done
6. 有过去式,没有过去分词的动词
can-could may-might must-must shall-should will-would
二、不规则名词复数形式
1. 以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词变复数
(1)加-s ,如: belief-beliefs roof-roofs gulf-gulfs
(2)去f ,fe 加-ves ,如:
half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves life-lives wolf-wolves thief-thieves self-selves wife-wives shelf-shelves
歌诀记忆:树叶(leaf )半数(half )自己(self )黄;妻子(wife )拿刀(knife )去割粮;架(shelf )后窜出一匹狼(wolf );就像小偷(thief )逃命(life )亡。这9个名词变复数时,都要改-f (e )为v ,再加-es ,其他的以-f (e )结尾的名词则直接加-s 变复数。
2. 以-o 结尾的名词,变复数
(1)加s ,如:photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos kilo-kilos
(2)加es ,如:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes Negro-Negroes hero-hero es
歌诀记忆:黑人(Negro )和英雄(hero )爱吃西红柿(tomato )和马铃薯(potato )。除了这四个以-o 结尾的名词加-es 外,其余的以-o 结尾的名词加-s 。
3. 表示“国家”的名词变复数
Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen
Frenchman-Frenchmen German-Germans Russian-Russians Indian-Indians Canadian-Canadians American-Americans
歌诀记忆:中(Chinese )日(Japanese )不变,英(Englishman )法(Frenchman )变,其余后面(如German 等)加s 。
4. 以复数形式出现的名词
scissors 剪刀 goods 货物 trousers/pants/shorts裤子 clothes 衣服glasses 眼镜
5. 以s 结尾,仍为单数的名词
(1)maths ,politics ,physics 等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
(2)news 是不可数名词。
(3)the United States,the United Nations应视为单数。
6. 由man 和woman 构成的合成名词,两个构成部分都要变成复数
如:man worker-men workers (男工人)woman doctor-women doctors (女医生)
7. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词,变y 为i 再加-es 。例如:
baby-babies city-cities story-stories party-parties lady-ladies
diary-diaries army-armies century-centuries copy-copies
8. 以s ,x ,ch ,sh 结尾的名词加-es ,如:church-churches
class-classes box-boxes watch-watches speech-speeches bus-buses brush-brushes bench-benches beach-beaches boss-bosses
9. 其他不规则变化
man-men woman-women goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth
child-children fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep mouse-mice fisherman-fishermen
歌诀记忆:男人(man )女人(woman )a 变e ,鹅(goose )足(foot )牙(tooth )oo 变ee, 孩子(child )加上ren ,鱼(fish )鹿(deer )绵羊(sheep )不用变。
[注]fish指鱼的种类时,要加上-es 构成其复数;当指鱼的条数时,单复数同形;指鱼肉时,为不可数名词。
三、不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级
原级 比较级 最高级
bad worse worst
badly worse worst
far farther/ further
farthest/ furthest
good/well better best
ill worse worst
late later latest
Little less least
Many/many more most
old older/elder oldest/eldest